Chap 1 introduction of computers

A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of

instructions stored in its own memory.
-accept data process the data according to specified rules produce results
store the results for future use.

1.1 Information processing cycle

Collects data Produces

processing
(input) information (output)

-computers could be at home, work and school

-computers process data into information

Data is a Information
collection of conveys
unprocessed meaning and is
items useful to people

1.2 THE COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER hardware + software =computer

-Electric -system
-Electronic software
-mechanical -application
software

Input device Output device System unit Storage device Communicative device
-allows to enter -hardware Contains the Records (writes) or -enables a computer to ----
data and components that electronic retrieves (reads) send and receive data, -
instructions into a convey components that items to and from instructions, and
computer information used to process storage media information from one or
data more computer or mobile
devices
Example
-scanner -printer -system unit -memory cards -modem
-microphone -monitor -card reader
-keyboard -speakers -optical disc drive
-mouse -output device -hard disk drive
-webcam -USB flash drive
-external hard disk

computer software (program) tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform
-System software- operating system, utility program
-Application software- general-purpose, specialized and apps
-installing is the process of setting up the software to work with the computer, printer
1.3
Advantages of using computers Disadvantages of using computers

Speed- all electronic circuits in a computer at incredibly health risk- lead to computer addiction and technology
fast speed overload
Reliability- dependable bcs rarely breaks or fail Violation of privacy- not protected properly, individuals
found the privacy and stole the identities
Consistency- produce the same results, consistently Public safety- can fall victim to crimes committed by
dangerous strangers
Storage- can store enormous of storage data Impact on labor force- the skills of millions of
employees have been replaced by computers
Communications- can communicate with other Impact on the environment- computer waste makes
computers, often wirelessly natural resources deplete and polluting the environment
Green computing- reducing the electricity consumed and
environmental waste
Strategies include:
• Recycling
• Regulating manufacturing processes
• Extending the life of computers
• Immediately donating or properly disposing of
replaced computers

1.4 NETWORKS AND INTERNET

NETWORK is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly
INTERNET is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of individual works
CONNECTIVITY is a sharing of information
People use the internet to:
• Communicate • Research and access information • Shop
• Bank and invest • Online trading • Entertainment
• Download videos • Share information • Web application

Social networking Web sites- encourages member to share their interest, ideas, stories with other registered users

1.5 TYPES OF COMPUTERS

supercomputers -Fastest and most powerful computers.
-Capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second
Mainframe computers -large, expensive, powerful computer
-can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
-occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms
-capable of great processing speeds and data storage
Midrange computers Processing capabilities are less powerful than a mainframe computer yet more powerful
(servers) than a personal computer.
-control the access of hardware, software
-provides a centralized storage are
-support and serve end users for specific needs as retrieving data from a database or
supplying access to application software.
Personal computers perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself.
5 types of personal computers:
-Desktop and All-in-one
-laptops
-tablets
-smartphones
-wearables
Mobile computers & Mobile computer Mobile device
mobile devices Personal computer you can carry from Computing device small enough to hold
place to place in your hand
-notebook computers -smartphones
-laptop computers -PDAs
-tablet PCs -e-book readers
-handheld computers
-portable media player
-digital cameras
Game consoles is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
Embedded computers special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.
Consumer Home automobiles Process Computer
electronics automation controllers devices and
devices and robotics office
machines
-Mobile and -Thermostats -Antilock -Remote -Keyboards
digital -Sprinkling brakes monitoring -Printers
telephones systems -Engine control systems -Faxes
-Digital -Security modules -Power -Copiers
televisions monitoring -Airbag monitors
-Cameras systems controller -Machine
-Video -Appliances -Cruise control controllers
recorders Lights -Medical
-DVD players devices
and recorders
-Answering
machines
 Examples of computer usage Computer in society
Home User • Education
Personal financial management • finance
Web access • Government
Communications • Health care
Entertainment • Science
Small Office/Home Office User • Publishing
Look up information • Travel
Send and receive e-mail messages
• manufacturing
Make telephone calls
Mobile User
Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet
Transfer information
Play video games
Listen to music
Watch movies
Enterprise User
Communicate among employees
Process high volumes of transactions
Blog

1.6 INFORMATION SYSTEMS (IS)

IS is a set of hardware, software, data, people, procedures, and the internet that work together to produce information.
Hardware + software + data + people+ procedures+ internet= produce information.
Elements of an information system
1. hardware includes a keyboard, mouse, display, system unit, tablets, smartphones, and other devices.
2. Software provides step-by-step instructions for computer hardware
3. Data consists of unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images, and sounds.
4. People end users who use computers to make themselves more productive
5. Procedures specify rules or guidelines for computer operations
6. Internet allows computers to connect to people and other computers

Information Systems in the Enterprise

Functional units within an enterprise might include:
-Accounting and Finance -Manufacturing -Distribution
-Human resources -marketing -Customer service
-Engineering or product development -sales -Information technology

-Accounting software manages everyday transactions

-Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases with customer payments
-financial software helps manage budgets, forecast, and analyze
~ HRIS (human resource information system) -Whether to build or buy new information systems
manages one or more human resources information.
-When a computer or information system has outlived
Employees management system (manage its useful life
communication between employees and business)
Careers in IT
~CAD (Computer-aided design) uses a computer and
special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and Webmaster • Develops and maintains websites and web resources

design. Software Engineer • Analyzes users’ needs and creates application software

~CAE (Computer-aided engineering) uses computers Computer Support Specialist • Provides technical support to customers and other users

to test product designs. Computer Technician • Repairs and install computer components and systems

~CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) uses Technical Writer

• Prepares instruction manuals, technical reports, and other
scientific or technical documents

computers to control production equipment. Network Administrator • Creates and maintains computer networks

~CIM (Computer-integrated manufacturing) uses

computers to integrate the many different operations of ~CIO (Chief information officer) is an executive
the manufacturing process. position that oversees the IT department

~MRP (Material requirement planning) uses software General-purpose information systems

to help monitor and control processes related to -office information system
production.
-decision support system (DSS)
~Quality control system helps an organization maintain
or improve the quality of its products. -transaction processing system (TPS)

~SFA (Sales force automation) software equips -Expert system (ESS)

traveling salespeople with the electronic tools they need -Management information system (MIS)
to be more productive.
~Marketing information system central repository for
Integrated information systems
the tasks of a marketing department
Enterprise Customer Content
Distribution system: resource relationship management
planning management systems (CSM)
-provide forecasting for inventory control (ERP) (CRM)
-manage and track the shipping of products provides manages information
centralized, information systems that
-provide information and analysis on inventory in a integrated about combine
warehouse software to help customers, databases,
manage and interactions software, and
~CIM (Customer interaction management) software coordinate with customers, procedures
manages the day-to-day interactions with customers. ongoing past purchases,
activities and interests
~IT (Information technology) department makes
technology decisions for the enterprise.