Lymm High School

Year 10 4.1 Cell biology

Homework Booklet

Name:

Class:

Teacher:
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Your RAG
Question Topic Marks
Score
1 Animal & bacteria cells 6
2 Cell adaptations 3
3 Bacteria vs plant cells 8
4 Osmosis 4
Active transport in the small 8
5
intestine
6 Osmosis in fruit salad 4
7 Osmosis in stomata 4
8 Muscle cells 5
9 Root hair cell magnification 6
10 Stem cells 6
11 Root hair cell diffusion 7
12 Osmosis investigation 5
13 Diffusion QWC 6
14 Mitosis/ stem cell evaluation 6
15 Magnification red blood cells 7
16 Plant & animal cells difference 5
17 Active transport in roots 9
Total 4.1 Cell Biology 100

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Q1.The diagrams show an animal cell and a bacterial cell.

(a) (i) Structures A and B are found in both the animal cell and the bacterial cell.

Use words from the box to name structures A and B.

cell membrane chloroplast cytoplasm vacuole

A ............................................................

B ............................................................
(2)

(ii) Both cells contain genetic material.

Name the structure in the animal cell that contains genetic material.

............................................................
(1)

(b) List A gives three structures found in animal cells.

List B gives four functions of cell structures.

Draw one line from each structure in List A to its correct function in List B.

List A – Structure List B – Function

Controls what substances

enter the cell

Cell membrane

Photosynthesis

Mitochondrion

Protein synthesis

Ribosome

Respiration

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

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Q2. The diagrams show four cells, A, B, C and D.

A B

C D

Use letters A, B, C or D to answer these questions.

(a) Which cell can photosynthesise?

(1)

(b) Which cell is adapted for receiving and sending information?

(1)

(c) Which cell is adapted to respire quickly?

(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q3.(a) The diagram shows the structure of a bacterial cell.

(i) On the diagram use words from the box to label structures A, B and C.

cell membrane cell wall chloroplast cytoplasm plasmid

(3)

(ii) Give one difference between the structure of the bacterial cell and an animal
cell.

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(1)

(iii) Name one structure that is found in a plant cell but is not found in a bacterial
or an animal cell.

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Cells can be specialised for a particular job.

The diagram shows the structure of a human sperm cell.

Describe how the long tail and the mitochondria help the sperm to do its job.

Long tail..........................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................

Mitochondria...................................................................................................

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(4)
(Total 9 marks)

Q4. The diagram shows the same plant cell:

• after 1 hour in distilled water

• after 1 hour in strong sugar solution.

(a) Describe two ways in which the cell in the strong sugar solution is different from the
cell in distilled water.

1 .....................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

2 .....................................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Explain how the differences between the cell in the strong sugar solution and the
cell in distilled water were caused.

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(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q5.The image below shows an epithelial cell from the lining of the small intestine.

(a) (i) In the image above, the part of the cell labelled A contains chromosomes.

What is the name of part A?

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) How are most soluble food molecules absorbed into the epithelial cells
of the small intestine?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

diffusion osmosis respiration

(1)

(b) Suggest how the highly folded cell surface helps the epithelial cell to absorb soluble
food.

........................................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) Epithelial cells also carry out active transport.

(i) Name one food molecule absorbed into epithelial cells by active
transport.

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Why is it necessary to absorb some food molecules by active transport?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Suggest why epithelial cells have many mitochondria.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(2)

(d) Some plants also carry out active transport.

Give one substance that plants absorb by active transport.

........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Q6.A cook prepares a fresh fruit salad by cutting up a variety of fruits and placing them in a
bowl with layers of sugar in between. After two hours the fruit is surrounded by syrup
(concentrated sugar solution).

Explain, as fully as you can, why syrup (concentrated sugar solution) was produced after
two hours.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

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..............................................................................................................................................

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(Total 4 marks)

Q7. A potted plant was left in a hot, brightly lit room for ten hours. The plant was not
watered during this period. The drawings show how the mean width of stomata changed
over the ten hour period.

(a) Why do plants need stomata?

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Name the cells labelled X on the drawing.

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) The width of the stomata changed over the ten hour period.
Explain the advantage to the plant of this change.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q8. The diagram shows a group of muscle cells from the wall of the intestine.

(a) On the diagram, use words from the box to name the structures labelled A, B and
C.

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cell membrane cell wall chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus

(3)

(b) How are these muscle cells adapted to release a lot of energy?

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Q9. The photograph shows part of the surface of a plant root. This part of the root is
covered with hundreds of structures like the one labelled X.

(a) What is the name of structure X?

Draw a ring around one answer.

root hair stoma villus

(1)

(b) (i) Use the scale to measure the length Y–Z on the photograph.

On the photograph, length Y–Z = .................................... mm.

(1)

(ii) The photograph shows the root magnified 100 times.

Calculate the actual length Y–Z.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

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Actual length Y–Z = ........................................mm.
(2)

(iii) Structure X is very small. There are thousands of structures like X on a plant
root.

How does this help the plant?

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q10. The diagram shows how cells from human embryos can be used to grow
‘replacement body parts’ for humans.

(a) Complete the following sentences.

(i) The fertilised egg has ................................. sets of genetic information.

(1)

(ii) The fertilised egg divides to form the 5-day-old embryo by a process

called ................................................................
(1)

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(b) Some statements about stem cells are given below.

Tick ( ) two advantages and two disadvantages of using stem cells to grow
‘replacement body parts’ for humans.

Advantage Disadvantage
Tick ( ) Tick ( )

Stem cells can grow into many different kinds of

body cells.

Stem cells may grow out of control.

Large numbers of stem cells can be grown in the

laboratory.

Stem cells may be used to treat some human

diseases.

Collecting and growing stem cells is expensive.

Patients treated with stem cells may need to take

drugs for the rest of their life to prevent rejection.

(4)
(Total 6 marks)

Q11. The drawing shows part of a root hair cell.

(a) Use words from the list to label the parts of the root hair cell.

cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm nucleus vacuole

(4)

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(b) The diagram shows four ways in which molecules may move into and out of a cell.
The dots show the concentration of molecules.

The cell is respiring aerobically.

Which arrow, A, B, C or D represents:

(i) movement of oxygen molecules; ....................

(ii) movement of carbon dioxide molecules? ....................

(2)

(c) Name the process by which these gases move into and out of the cell.

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)

Q12. Some substances move through membranes.

A student set up an investigation.

The student:

• tied a thin membrane across the end of a funnel

• put concentrated sugar solution in the funnel

• put the funnel in a beaker of water

• measured the level of the solution in the funnel every 30 minutes.

The diagram shows the apparatus.

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The graph shows the results.

(a) After 3 hours, the level of the solution in the funnel is different from the level at the
start.

Explain why, as fully as you can.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(3)

(b) The student repeated the investigation using dilute sugar solution instead of
concentrated sugar solution.

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In what way would you expect the results using dilute sugar solution to be different
from the results using concentrated sugar solution?

Give the reason for your answer.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Q13.In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

Diffusion is an important process in animals and plants.

The movement of many substances into and out of cells occurs by diffusion.

Describe why diffusion is important to animals and plants.

In your answer you should refer to:

• animals

• plants

• examples of the diffusion of named substances.

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Extra space ..................................................................................................................

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......................................................................................................................................

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(Total 6 marks)

Q14. Diagram 1 shows the nucleus of a body cell as it begins to divide by mitosis.

Diagram 1

(a) Use a word from the box to label Diagram 1.

alleles chromosomes gametes

(1)

(b) Complete Diagram 2 to show what the nucleus of one of the cells produced by this
mitosis would look like.

Diagram 2

(1)

(c) Stem cells from a recently dead embryo can be grown in special solutions.

Some facts about stem cells are given below.

• Stem cells from an embryo can grow into any type of tissue.

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• Stem cells may grow out of control, to form cancers.

• Large numbers of stem cells can be grown in the laboratory.

• Stem cells may be used in medical research or to treat some human diseases.

• Patients treated with stem cells need to take drugs for the rest of their life to
prevent rejection.

• Collecting and growing stem cells is expensive.

Use only the information above to answer these questions.

(i) Give two advantages of using stem cells.

1 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Give two disadvantages of using stem cells.

1 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q15. The photograph shows a red blood cell in part of a blood clot. The fibres labelled X
are produced in the early stages of the clotting process.

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(a) Suggest how the fibres labelled X help in blood clot formation.

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) The average diameter of a real red blood cell is 0.008 millimetres.
On the photograph, the diameter of the red blood cell is 100 millimetres.

Use the formula to calculate the magnification of the photograph.

Diameter on photograph = Real diameter × Magnification

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

Magnification = ..............................................................
(2)

(c) Some blood capillaries have an internal diameter of approximately 0.01 millimetres.

(i) Use information given in part (b) to explain why only one red blood cell at a
time can pass through a capillary.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Explain the advantages of red blood cells passing through a capillary one at a
time.

...........................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................

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(3)
(Total 7 marks)

Q16. The diagram shows a cell from a plant leaf.

(a) Name structures A and B.

A ..................................................................................................................................

B ..................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Structure C is a chloroplast. What is the function of a chloroplast?

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) The table gives one difference between a plant cell and an animal cell.

Complete the table to give two more differences.

Plant cell Animal cell

1. Has chloroplasts 1. No chloroplasts

2. 2.

3. 3.

(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Q17.The diagram below shows a cross-section of a plant root. The transport tissues are
labelled.

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(a) (i) What is tissue A?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

cuticle epidermis xylem

(1)

(ii) Name two substances transported by tissue A.

1 .............................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Phloem is involved in a process called translocation.

(i) What is translocation?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Explain why translocation is important to plants.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(2)

(c) Plants must use active transport to move some substances from the soil into root
hair cells.

(i) Active transport needs energy.

Which part of the cell releases most of this energy?

Tick (✓) one box.

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mitochondria

nucleus

ribosome

(1)

(ii) Explain why active transport is necessary in root hair cells.

...............................................................................................................

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(2)
(Total 9 marks)

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