3.

17 b)

calculate the arithmetic mean and the median and the geometric mean of the number of cars
crossing a certain bridge in a big city in 10 intervals of five minute each was recorded as follows:
25,15,18,30,20,20,12,9,16,15

To calculate the arithmetic mean, median, and geometric mean of the number of cars crossing
the bridge in the given intervals, follow these steps:

1. Arithmetic Mean: Add up all the values and divide by the total number of values. Arithmetic
Mean = (25 + 15 + 18 + 30 + 20 + 20 + 12 + 9 + 16 + 15) / 10 = 180 / 10 = 18

2. Median: Arrange the numbers in ascending order and find the middle value. Sorted values: 9,
12, 15, 15, 16, 18, 20, 20, 25, 30 Since there are 10 values, the median is the average of the 5th
and 6th values. Median = (16 + 18) / 2 = 17

3. Geometric Mean: Multiply all the values together and then take the nth root, where n is the
total number of values. Geometric Mean = (25 * 15 * 18 * 30 * 20 * 20 * 12 * 9 * 16 * 15) ^
(1/10) = 86704139.105 ^ (1/10) ≈ 17.66

3.18 b)
The monthly incomes of ten families in rupees in a certain locality are given below:
family: A income: 85, B income: 70, C income: 10, D income: 75, E income: 500, F
income: 8, G income: 42, H income: 250, I income: 40, J income: 36, calculate the
arithmetic mean, the geometric mean and the harmonic mean of the above incomes.
and which one of the above three averages represents the above figures best?

To calculate the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean of the given incomes,
follow these steps:

1. Arithmetic Mean: Add up all the incomes and divide by the total number of incomes.
Arithmetic Mean = (85 + 70 + 10 + 75 + 500 + 8 + 42 + 250 + 40 + 36) / 10 = 1116 / 10 = 111.6

2. Geometric Mean: Multiply all the incomes together and then take the nth root, where n is the
total number of incomes. Geometric Mean = (85 * 70 * 10 * 75 * 500 * 8 * 42 * 250 * 40 * 36) ^
(1/10) ≈ 108.95
3. Harmonic Mean: To find the harmonic mean, first, find the reciprocals of all the incomes, then
calculate the arithmetic mean of these reciprocals, and finally, take the reciprocal of the result.
Harmonic Mean = 10 / ((1/85) + (1/70) + (1/10) + (1/75) + (1/500) + (1/8) + (1/42) + (1/250) +
(1/40) + (1/36)) ≈ 27.45

Now, to determine which average best represents the given incomes, we should consider the
nature of the data. Since the data includes some outliers (like the income of 500), the arithmetic
mean might be affected by these outliers and may not represent the central tendency of the data
accurately. In such cases, the geometric mean and harmonic mean tend to be more robust
measures.

In this case, both the geometric mean and the harmonic mean provide a more balanced
representation of the central tendency, with the harmonic mean being more resistant to outliers.
Therefore, either the geometric mean or the harmonic mean could be considered a better
representation of the given incomes, depending on the specific context and the importance of
outliers.

3.19

Calculate the arithmetic mean , the geometric mean and the harnomic mean of the annual
incomes of fifteen families as given below: Rs. 60, 80, 90, 96, 120, 150, 200, 360, 280, 520,
1060, 1200, 1450, 2500, 7200.

To calculate the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean of the given annual
incomes, follow these steps:

1. Arithmetic Mean: Add up all the incomes and divide by the total number of incomes.
Arithmetic Mean = (60 + 80 + 90 + 96 + 120 + 150 + 200 + 360 + 280 + 520 + 1060 + 1200 +
1450 + 2500 + 7200) / 15 = 17412 / 15 ≈ 1160.8

2. Geometric Mean: Multiply all the incomes together and then take the nth root, where n is the
total number of incomes. Geometric Mean = (60 * 80 * 90 * 96 * 120 * 150 * 200 * 360 * 280 *
520 * 1060 * 1200 * 1450 * 2500 * 7200) ^ (1/15) ≈ 696.29
 3. Harmonic Mean: To find the harmonic mean, first, find the reciprocals of all the incomes, then
calculate the arithmetic mean of these reciprocals, and finally, take the reciprocal of the result.
Harmonic Mean = 15 / ((1/60) + (1/80) + (1/90) + (1/96) + (1/120) + (1/150) + (1/200) + (1/360)
+ (1/280) + (1/520) + (1/1060) + (1/1200) + (1/1450) + (1/2500) + (1/7200)) ≈ 247.33

Now, to determine which average best represents the given incomes, it depends on the context.

• The arithmetic mean is affected by outliers, so if there are significant outliers in the data, it may
not represent the central tendency well.

• The geometric mean is useful for calculating growth rates or averages of ratios and is less
affected by outliers than the arithmetic mean.

• The harmonic mean tends to give less weight to extreme values, making it useful when dealing
with rates or ratios, but it may not be as intuitive to interpret as the arithmetic or geometric
means.

In this case, considering the nature of income data where outliers like 7200 Rs. might skew the
arithmetic mean, the geometric mean and the harmonic mean provide more balanced
representations. Depending on whether we want to give more weight to larger or smaller
incomes, we might prefer one over the other.

3.22
The following are the monthly salaries in rupees of 30 employees in a firm: 139, 126,
114, 100, 88, 62, 77, 99, 103, 108, 144, 129, 148, 63, 69, 148, 132, 118, 142, 116, 123,
104, 95, 80, 85, 106, 123, 133, 140 ,134. the firm gave bonuses of rs. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30
and 35 for individuals in the respective salary groups: exceeding 60 but not exceeding
75, exceeding 75 but not exceeding 90 and so on upto exceeding 135 but not
exceeding 150. find the average bonus paid per employee.

To find the average bonus paid per employee, we first need to determine the bonus for
each employee based on their monthly salary and then calculate the average bonus
across all employees.

Here's how we can do it:

1. Determine the bonus for each employee based on their monthly salary.
2. Sum up all the bonuses.
3. Divide the total bonus by the number of employees to find the average bonus per
employee.

Let's calculate:

• For salaries exceeding 60 but not exceeding 75, the bonus is 10.

• For salaries exceeding 75 but not exceeding 90, the bonus is 15.

• For salaries exceeding 90 but not exceeding 105, the bonus is 20.

• For salaries exceeding 105 but not exceeding 120, the bonus is 25.

• For salaries exceeding 120 but not exceeding 135, the bonus is 30.

• For salaries exceeding 135 but not exceeding 150, the bonus is 35.

 Now, we'll assign the appropriate bonus to each employee and calculate the average
bonus.
 Bonus for each employee:

1. 62 - Bonus: 10

2. 63 - Bonus: 10

3. 69 - Bonus: 10

4. 77 - Bonus: 15

5. 80 - Bonus: 15

6. 85 - Bonus: 15

7. 88 - Bonus: 15

8. 95 - Bonus: 15

9. 99 - Bonus: 15

10. 100 - Bonus: 15

11. 103 - Bonus: 20

13. 106 - Bonus: 20

14. 108 - Bonus: 20

15. 114 - Bonus: 20

16. 116 - Bonus: 20

17. 118 - Bonus: 20

18. 123 - Bonus: 25

19. 123 - Bonus: 25

20. 126 - Bonus: 25

21. 129 - Bonus: 25

22. 132 - Bonus: 30

23. 133 - Bonus: 30

24. 134 - Bonus: 30

25. 139 - Bonus: 30

26. 140 - Bonus: 30

27. 142 - Bonus: 30

28. 144 - Bonus: 35

29. 148 - Bonus: 35

30. 148 - Bonus: 35

Total bonus = (102) + (156) + (207) + (252) + (306) + (353) = 460

Average bonus per employee = Total bonus / Number of employees = 460 / 30 ≈ 15.33

So, the average bonus paid per employee is approximately Rs. 15.33.