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05-IP Addressing

This document discusses IP addresses and classful IP addressing. It provides examples of converting IP addresses between dotted-decimal and binary notation. It also explains the hierarchy of IP addresses, with the prefix defining the network and suffix defining the node. Originally, IP addresses used a fixed-length prefix system of classes A, B, C, D and E to accommodate small and large networks, with the first bits indicating the class.

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Faizan Khan
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34 views13 pages

05-IP Addressing

This document discusses IP addresses and classful IP addressing. It provides examples of converting IP addresses between dotted-decimal and binary notation. It also explains the hierarchy of IP addresses, with the prefix defining the network and suffix defining the node. Originally, IP addresses used a fixed-length prefix system of classes A, B, C, D and E to accommodate small and large networks, with the first bits indicating the class.

Uploaded by

Faizan Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks

IP Addresses

Dr. Ehsan Munir


Department of Computer Science
COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus
[email protected]

The slides are adapted from the publisher’s material


Data Communications and Networking by Behrouz A. Forouzan, 5th edition
Data and Computer Communications by William Stallings, 8th Edition
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach by J F Kurose, K W Ross, 6th Edition
Computer Networks, by L. Peterson, and B. Davie, 5th edition
Outline
◼ IP address
◼ a number identifying a computer or another
device on the Internet
◼ Classful IP addressing

2
IPv4 ADDRESSES

An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely and


universally defines the connection of a device (for
example, a computer or a router) to the Internet.

3
Example

Change the following IPv4 addresses from dotted-decimal


notation to binary notation.

Solution
We replace each decimal number with its binary
equivalent.

4
Example

Change the following IPv4 addresses from dotted-decimal


notation to binary notation.

Solution
We replace each decimal number with its binary
equivalent.

5
Example

Change the following IPv4 addresses from binary


notation to dotted-decimal notation.

Solution
We replace each group of 8 bits with its equivalent
decimal number and add dots for separation.

6
Example

Find the error, if any, in the following IPv4 addresses.

Solution
a.

7
Example

Find the error, if any, in the following IPv4 addresses.

Solution
a. There must be no leading zero (045).
b. There can be no more than four numbers.
c. Each number needs to be less than or equal to 255.
d. A mixture of binary notation and dotted-decimal
notation is not allowed.
8
Hierarchy in Addressing
A 32-bit IPv4 address is hierarchical, but divided only into two parts. The first
part of the address, called the prefix, defines the network; the second part of
the address, called the suffix, defines the node (connection of a device to the
Internet). Figure shows the prefix and suffix of a 32-bit IPv4 address. The
prefix length is n bits and the suffix length is (32 - n) bits.

18.9
Classful Addressing

When the Internet started, an IPv4 address was designed with a fixed-length
prefix, but to accommodate both small and large networks, three fixed-
length prefixes were designed instead of one (n = 8, n = 16, and n = 24).
The whole address space was divided into five classes (class A, B, C, D,
and E), as shown in Figure below. This scheme is referred to as classful
addressing. Although classful addressing belongs to the past, it helps us to
understand classless addressing, discussed later.

18.10
Classful Addressing

18.11
Example

Find the class of each address.


a. 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111
c. 14.23.120.8
d. 252.5.15.111

Solution
a.

12
Example

Find the class of each address.


a. 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111
c. 14.23.120.8
d. 252.5.15.111

Solution
a. The first bit is 0. This is a class A address.
b. The first 2 bits are 1; the third bit is 0. This is a class C
address.
c. The first byte is 14; the class is A.
d. The first byte is 252; the class is E.
13

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