BDS PPT Lecture 2
BDS PPT Lecture 2
BDS PPT Lecture 2
Lecture 2
Common Construction Materials
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
• Construction (Building) material- used for construction purpose
structures ; buildings, bridges ,roads , structures etc.
• 1. Construction aggregates
• 2. Cement
• 3. Mortar
• 4. Block Masonry
• 5. Concrete
• 6. Structural Steel
• 7. Reinforced concrete
• 8. Lumber or Wood
• 9. Asphalt (bitumen)
Construction Aggregates
a coarse particulate natural material used in construction,
• Lime- 60- 65 %
• Silica- 18-25%
• Alumina- 3-8%
• Iron Oxide- 3-5%
• Magnesia- 2-5%
• Sulfur Trioxide- 1-5%
(5) Common Types of Portland Cement Used in
Construction
• Uses of Mortar
• 1. Binder between layers of blocks
• 2. Mortar filler for hollow blocks
• 3. plastering
Specification For Mortar unit Masory
• ASTM C270-19ae1
• Standard Specification for Mortar for
Unit Masonry
IV. CONCRETE
• common material used in construction,
3. Curing –
ensures strength gain of concrete.
Sprinkle water or moisture-retaining fabrics such as burlap or cotton mats or sealing
concrete surface with plastic.
Factor affecting strength of concrete
• water to cement ratio - 0.30- 0.65 for concrete with compressive strengths of
4500 psi- 2500 psi.
For example, the Class A concrete mixture has a
proportion of 1:2:4
1 part of cement,
2 parts of sand and
4 parts of gravel
CONCRETE PROPORTION BY VOLUME METHOD
AA 1 1.5 3
A 1 2 4
B 1 2.5 5
C 1 3 6
PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE
SAMPLE PROBLEM
• DETERMINATION OF THE VOLUME OR
WEIGHT OF CONCRETE COMPONENTS
REQUIRED FOR CONCRETING WORKS
• PROPORTIONING
• WEIGHT OR VOLUME OF CEMENT
• WEIGHT OR VOLUME OF GRAVEL
• WEIGHT OR VOLUME OF SAND
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PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE
COMMON PROPORTION NUMBER OF VOLUME OF VOLUME OF
TYPE OF 40KG BAG OF SAND GRAVEL (CU.M.)
CONCRETE CEMENT (CU.M.)
MIXTURES (PIECES)
AA 1 : 1.5 : 3 12 0.50 1.0
A 1 : 2 : 4 9 0.50 1.0
C 1 : 3 : 6 6 0.50 1.0
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Standard weight 40 kg bag cement
Example number 1 Proportioning
• The surface course of a 150 mm thick rigid concrete pavement has a
total length of 250 meters and width of 6 meters(single carriage
way).
Volume=L x W x thickness
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b. Proportioning of concrete
• Using Table Class B Concrete
COMMON PROPORTION NUMBER OF VOLUME OF VOLUME OF
TYPE OF 40KG BAG OF SAND GRAVEL (CU.M.)
CONCRETE CEMENT (CU.M.)
MIXTURES (PIECES)
Solve the weight of water required for the mixture using 0.4 water to
cement ratio
for Size
(kg/m)
(in) (mm) (mm²)
• Example - W18x35,
• "W" = Wide flange, 18 =depth of member in inches,
• 35 = weight of beam in pounds per linear foot.
•
• 4. Steel Pipe –
• Circular pipe is used often for columns.
• "standard weight",
• "extra strong" and
• "double extra strong".
• Example - Standard Weight 4" dia. pipe.
COMMON STRUCTURAL STEEL GRADES
1. ASTM A 36- for general use of structural steel, stronger than ASTM A7.
2. ASTM A 440- high strength steel, for riveted and bolted connections, greater
3. ASTM A 441- high strength low alloy structural manganese vanadium steel . It
is suitable for all welding connection. It has high strength but light weight
Structural Material
Seasoning of Lumber
• EXPEL MOISTURE TO preserve wood from shrinkage /decay.
2.Artificial seasoning-
• stacked in kilns and exposed to steam / hot air.
• quick drying process.
Advantages of Artificial Seasoning
or as
• a petroleum byproduct,.
• It softens when heated and is elastic under certain conditions.
bitumens
• Bitumen- is a black, oily, viscous material that
• .
Advantages of Using Asphalt than
Cement in road construction
• 1.Cost
to $10.
• 2.Durability
•
• End