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Lecture 7

Instrument transformers are used to measure electrical quantities like voltage, current, power, and energy in AC power systems. There are two main types: current transformers (CT) which measure current, and potential transformers (PT) which measure voltage. CTs have a primary winding connected in series with the circuit carrying main current, and a secondary winding connected to measuring instruments. PTs have a primary winding connected to the high voltage side and a lower voltage secondary side connected to instruments. Instrument transformers allow measuring devices to be located safely away from high voltages and currents.

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13 views

Lecture 7

Instrument transformers are used to measure electrical quantities like voltage, current, power, and energy in AC power systems. There are two main types: current transformers (CT) which measure current, and potential transformers (PT) which measure voltage. CTs have a primary winding connected in series with the circuit carrying main current, and a secondary winding connected to measuring instruments. PTs have a primary winding connected to the high voltage side and a lower voltage secondary side connected to instruments. Instrument transformers allow measuring devices to be located safely away from high voltages and currents.

Uploaded by

popularrajshahibranch
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Instrument Transformer

❑Transformer used in conjunction with


measuring instrument for measurement
purposes is called Instrument transformer
❑Instrument Transformer are used in AC system
for measurement of electrical quantities i.e.
voltage, current, power, energy, power factor,
frequency
Instrument Transformer

Instrument transformer is
the device used for
monitoring the voltage or
current in a given circuit
Classifications of
Instrument Transformer
❑ Current Transformers(CT) :Measurement of “Current”

❑ Potential Transformer(PT) : Measurement of “Voltage”


Current Transformer
The primary winding of a current
transformer is connected in series with the
line carrying the main current.
The secondary winding of the CT, where
the current is many times stepped down, is
directly connected
a. across an ammeter, for measurement
of current;
b. across the current coil of a wattmeter,
for measurement of power;
c. across the current coil of a watt-hour
meter for measurement of energy;
d. across a relay coil.
Current Transformer Construction
Clamp meter

Inside
Instrument Transformer

➢ These transformers are extensively used for


precise measurement
➢ The instrument transformer are widely used
in protection circuits of power systems for
the operation of over-current, under-voltage,
earth-fault, and various other relays.
Advantages of Instrument Transformer
1) The Instrument transformer enables the single range
instrument to cover a large current or voltage range
(normal range:0-5A, 0-110V).
2) It is possible to locate the measuring instruments far
away from the high voltage circuit by using long leads
connecting the instrument transformer.
3) When instruments are employed in conjunction with
instrument transformer, their readings do not depend
upon their constants viz, R, L, and C as in the case of
shunts and multipliers.
Advantages of Instrument Transformer(2)

4) Many instruments can be operated from a


single instrument transformer
5) Small power loss
6) By employing current transformer with a
suitable split and hinged core, upon which the
secondary winding is wound, the current in heavy
current busbar can be measured without breaking
the current circuit
Disadvantages of Instrument
Transformer
➢The Instrument Transformer cannot be used for DC
measurements
➢In using Instrument transformer for current (or voltage
measurements) we must know the ratio of the primary
current (or voltage) to the secondary current(or voltage)
These ratios give the multiplying factor for finding the
primary values from the instrument readings on the
secondary side
➢However for energy or power measurements, it is
essential to know not only the transformation ratio but
also the phase angle between primary and secondary
currents (or voltages)

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