A Final Project Report

on

“PROJECT TITLE”

Submitted to

I.K.G PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

JALANDHAR

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

award of degree of
Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Submitted by Project Guide

Name of the Student Name
University Roll no. Designation

Session (2022 - 2024)

APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL CAMPUS
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
JALANDHAR
 Declaration

I ________________ (University Roll Number____________), student of

MBA(Semester 4) of Apeejay Institute of Management & Engineering Technical
Campus, Jalandhar hereby declare that the project entitled "........................
................"is the original work done by me.

Date: Signature of Student

This is to certify that above statement made by the candidate is correct to the
best of my knowledge.

Date: Name & Signature of Supervisor

MBA (Semester 4) Examination of Final Project Report has been held on

________________and accepted.

Signature of Signature of Signate of

Internal Examiner External Examiner Examiner Dean
 FORMAT FOR PROJECT REPORT (Step wise)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Declaration i
Preface ii
Acknowledgments iii
CHAPTER NO. CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.
1 Introduction
2 Review of Literature
3 Need, Scope and Objectives of the Study
4 Research Methodology
5 Data Analysis and Interpretation
6 Findings of the Study
7 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Annexures
A. Questionnaire
B. ----------------
C. ----------------
• No Chapter numbers should be given to Declaration, Preface,
Acknowledgement, References and Annexure
• Give page numbering to the initial pages till introduction in Roman
(small case).
• Do not number the Chapter title pages in the report but count them ( do
not print).
• Start the page numbering from the introduction and continue till the last
page of the report (including annexure).

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TABLE TITLE PAGE NO.

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO.

* AN ILLUSTRATION OF LISTING TABLES & FIGURES

FOR EXAMPLE: - If your Table No. is 1 in Chapter 2, and Heading is “Five
Yearly Sale (From 1990 – 1995)”on page no. 5, then following method
should be adopted:

2.1 Five Yearly Sale 5

(From 1990-1995)

The same pattern should be adopted while representing Figures.

CHAPTER-WISE GUIDELINES

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION

Broad sub-headings should be numbered as 1.1, 1.2 etc. For e.g..

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY (NAME)

1.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT/STUDY (PROJECT TOPIC)

CHAPTER-2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• Give introductory and concluding lines

For e.g. Introductory lines:

Various studies on capital structure related to small and medium enterprises had
been conducted in foreign countries. However, in Indian context, the number is
quite few. Depending on the various issues of capital structure, the review has
been discussed in brief as follows:

And, Concluding lines:

The perusal of the literature reveals that still today, the capital structure decision
is considered as a puzzle. A rich literature house has been developed over time,
mostly in foreign countries, with regard to how the firm funds its growing
investment projects. Particularly, the firm’s choice between internal equity
capital, external capital and debt has been widely investigated from a large firm’s
angle leaving aside small businesses. This is mainly due to the tendency of SMEs
to treat the financing’s issues as confidential. Also, the main focus of the previous
studies has been mainly on the determinants of capital structure in general
rather than industry specific study. That is why a need was felt to conduct a
study in Indian context and that too in case of SMEs that has not been extensively
researched, yet is contributing a lot to the economy.

• Do not number the reviews

• Give the reviews in chronological order. If more than one review is there
in one year then follow the alphabetical order.
 • Only mention the second name of the author (Year) to be mentioned in
bold. For e.g.

Davidson (2009) or Davidson and Dutia (2010)

• Do not mention the study title in the review. For e.g.

Davidson and Dutia (1991) measured liquidity, profitability and leverage for
samples of small enterprises. Their results indicated that SMEs had lower levels
of liquidity than large enterprises. However, they also found that the smallest
enterprises carried disproportionately more cash and total current assets than
large enterprises, with the reason for their lower liquidity being a
disproportionately greater use of current liabilities.

CHAPTER-3 NEED, SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

3.1 NEED OF THE STUDY

The need should cover the research gap as identified from conclusion of reviews
and also the relevance of the study.

3.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope should cover the area, time and location

3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives should be related to the topic and should be justified by the
questionnaire. There should be no overlapping of the objectives.

CHAPTER-4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research methodology should begin with the basic introduction to research.

4.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

Specify the type of research design and justify it.

4.2 SAMPLING DESIGN

4.2.1 Universe
4.2.2 Sampling Frame
4.2.3 Sampling Unit
4.2.4 Sample Size
4.2.5 Sampling Technique

4.3 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

4.3.1 Data Collection

• Secondary Sources
• Primary Sources
 4.3.2 Tools of Presentation and Analysis

4.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER-5 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

• Give the table and figure numbering and title at the top of the
table/figure and in Bold, Title case and Centrally Aligned
• Every table and figure should be followed by: Analysis and
Interpretation
• Start new question/statement on new page.

CHAPTER-6 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

• Give the introductory lines
• Give the findings in the same sequence as the data analysis and
interpretation

CHAPTER-7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 CONCLUSION
Give the conclusion covering all the aspects of the research project, starting
from introduction till the findings of the study

7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY

Give the recommendations on the next page and point-wise.

GENERAL GUIDELINES

• Use Times New Roman font. Font size: 12 for text and 14 for Headings
• Line spacing should be 1.5
• Do not underline the text in capitals
• Do not indent anywhere
• Do not use I, me , we etc anywhere in the report
• Use past tense throughout the report.

PREPARING REFERENCES

• Give the references in alphabetical order.

• While preparing bibliography student must adopt the following method:

Article in Journal
Journals having issue number gets indicated in parentheses after the volume.
The parentheses and issue number are not italicized or underlined.

Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(30), 5-13.

Article in a Magazine
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135,
28-31.

Article in a Newspaper
Unlike other periodicals, p. or pp. precedes page numbers for a newspaper
reference in APA style. Single pages take p., e.g.., p. B2; multiple pages take
pp., e.g.., pp. B2, B4 or pp. C1, C3-C4.

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies.
The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.

Basic Format for Books

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle.
Location: Publisher.
Note: For "Location," you should always list the city, but you should also
include the state if the city is unfamiliar or if the city could be confused with
one in another state.

Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for
journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Edited Book, No Author

Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor.
New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Edited Book with an Author or Authors

Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals (K.V. Kukil, Ed.). New York: Anchor.

Dissertation Abstract
Yoshida, Y. (2001). Essays in urban transportation (Doctoral dissertation, Boston
College, 2001). Dissertation Abstracts International, 62, 7741A.

Government Document
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness
(DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government
Printing Office.

Report From a Private Organization

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Practice guidelines for the treatment of
patients with eating disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.

Conference Proceedings
Schnase, J.L., & Cunnius, E.L. (Eds.). (1995). Proceedings from CSCL '95: The First
International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning. Mahwah,
NJ: Erlbaum.
 Article From an Online Periodical
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online
Periodical, volume number(issue number if available). Retrieved month day,
year, (if necessary) from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who
Make Websites, 149. Retrieved May 2, 2006, from
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving

Online Newspaper Article

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved
http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The
New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Electronic Books
De Huff, E.W. Taytay’s tales: Traditional Pueblo Indian tales. Retrieved from
http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/dehuff/taytay/
taytay.html

Davis, J. Familiar birdsongs of the Northwest. Available from

http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=1-
9780931686108-0

Online Encyclopedias and Dictionaries

Feminism. (n.d.) In Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved March 16, 2008,
from http:// www.britannica.com

From Experience
Fegel’s Jewelry, senior year of high school, 2000-2001.

From Observation
Schroenling Brewery, April 22, 2001. Spent an hour on the floor observing the use
of various machine sin total process and employees’ responsibilities at each
stage.

From Interviews
Interview with Bruno Mueller, diamond cutter at Fegel’s Jewelry, March 19, 2001.