INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTERS
History and Origin of Computer
 What is a
01 Computer?
 COMPUTER

A computer is an electronic machine that

collects information, stores it, processes it
according to user instructions, and then
returns the result.

A computer is a programmable electronic

device that performs arithmetic and logical
operations automatically using a set of
instructions provided by the user.
Early Computing Devices
ABACUS

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Napier’s Bone

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Pascaline

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Stepped Reckoner or Leibniz wheel

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Difference Engine

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Analytical Engine

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Tabulating machine

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Differential Analyzer

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Mark I

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History of Computers Generation
Early History of Computer
 Brief History
02 of
Computers
Brief History of Computers
 19th Century

1801 1822 1848

Joseph Marie Jacquard, a Charles Babbage, a mathematician,
invented the steam-powered The world’s first computer
weaver and businessman calculating machine capable of program was written by Ada
from France, devised a calculating number tables. The Lovelace, an English
loom that employed “Difference Engine” idea failed owing
mathematician. Lovelace also
to a lack of technology at the time.
punched wooden cards to includes a step-by-step tutorial
automatically weave cloth on how to compute Bernoulli
designs. numbers using Babbage’s
1890 machine.
Herman Hollerith, an inventor,
creates the punch card technique
used to calculate the 1880 U.S.
census. He would go on to start the
corporation that would become
IBM.
 Early 20th Century

1930 1936 1939

Differential Analyzer was Alan Turing had an idea for
the first large-scale a universal machine, which Hewlett-Packard was
automatic general-purpose he called the Turing discovered in a garage in
mechanical analogue machine, that could Palo Alto, California by Bill
computer invented and compute anything that Hewlett and David Packard.
built by Vannevar Bush. could be computed.
 Early 20th Century

1941 1941 1945

Konrad Zuse, a German J.V. Atanasoff and graduate
University of Pennsylvania
inventor and engineer, student Clifford Berry academics John Mauchly and J.
completed his Z3 machine, devise a computer capable Presper Eckert create an
the world’s first digital of solving 29 equations at Electronic Numerical Integrator
computer. However, the the same time. The first and Calculator (ENIAC). It was
machine was destroyed time a computer can store Turing-complete and capable of
during a World War II data in its primary memory. solving “a vast class of
numerical problems” by
bombing strike on Berlin. reprogramming, earning it the
title of “Grandfather of
computers.”
 Early 20th Century

1946 1949 1950

The UNIVAC I (Universal The Electronic Delay
Automatic Computer) was Storage Automatic The Standards Eastern
the first general-purpose Calculator (EDSAC), Automatic Computer
electronic digital computer developed by a team at the (SEAC) was built in
designed in the United University of Cambridge, is Washington, DC, and it was
States for corporate the “first practical stored- the first stored-program
applications. program computer.” computer completed in the
United States.
 Late 20th Century

1953 1954 1958

Grace Hopper, a computer John Backus and a team of
scientist, creates the first IBM programmers created The integrated circuit,
computer language, which
the FORTRAN programming sometimes known as the
becomes known as COBOL, computer chip, was created
which stands for COmmon, language, an acronym for
FORmula TRANslation. In by Jack Kirby and Robert
Business-Oriented Language. It
allowed a computer user to offer addition, IBM developed Noyce.
the computer instructions in the 650.
English-like words rather than
numbers.
 Late 20th Century

1962 1964 1969

Atlas, the computer, makes its Douglas Engelbart
appearance. It was the fastest proposes a modern Bell Labs developers, led by
computer in the world at the
computer prototype that Ken Thompson and Dennis
time, and it pioneered the Ritchie, revealed UNIX, an
concept of “virtual memory.” combines a mouse and a
graphical user interface operating system
(GUI). developed in the C
programming language that
addressed program
1970 compatibility difficulties.
The Intel 1103, the first Dynamic
Access Memory (DRAM) chip, is
unveiled by Intel.
 Late 20th Century

1973
1971 Robert Metcalfe, a member 1974
The floppy disc was invented by of Xerox’s research
Alan Shugart and a team of IBM department, created Personal computers were
engineers. In the same year, Ethernet, which is used to introduced into the market.
Xerox developed the first laser connect many computers The first were the Altair
printer, which not only and other gear. Scelbi & Mark-8, IBM 5100,
produced billions of dollars but
also heralded the beginning of a and Radio Shack’s TRS-80.
new age in computer printing.
1975
Popular Electronics magazine touted the Altair 8800 as the world’s first
minicomputer kit in January. Paul Allen and Bill Gates offer to build software in the
BASIC language for the Altair.
1. Internal parts of a 3+1⁄2-
inch floppy disk.A hole
that indicates a high-
capacity disk.
2. The hub that engages
with the drive motor.
3. A shutter that protects
the surface when
removed from the drive.
4. The plastic housing.
5. A polyester sheet
reducing friction against
the disk media as it
rotates within the
housing.
6. The magnetic coated
plastic disk.
7. A schematic
representation of one
sector of data on the
disk; the tracks and
sectors are not visible
on actual disks.
8. The write protection tab
(unlabeled) in upper
left.
 Late 20th Century

1977
1976 At the first West Coast 1978
Apple Computers is founded by Computer Faire, Jobs and
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Wozniak announce the The first computerized
who expose the world to the Apple II. It has colour spreadsheet program,
Apple I, the first computer with a graphics and a cassette VisiCalc, is introduced.
single-circuit board. drive for storing music.

1979
WordStar, a word processing tool from MicroPro International, is released.
 Late 20th Century

1983
1981 The CD-ROM, which could carry 1984
550 megabytes of pre-recorded
IBM unveils the Acorn, their first data, hit the market. This year
personal computer, which has also saw the release of the Apple launched Macintosh
an Intel CPU, two floppy drives, Gavilan SC, the first portable during the Superbowl XVIII
and a colour display. The MS- computer with a flip-form commercial. It was priced
DOS operating system from design and the first to be offered at $2,500
Microsoft is used by Acorn. as a “laptop.”

1985
Microsoft introduces Windows, which enables multitasking via a graphical user
interface. In addition, the programming language C++ has been released.
 Late 20th Century

1990 1993 1995

Tim Berners-Lee, an English The Pentium CPU improves the
programmer and scientist, usage of graphics and music on Microsoft’s Windows 95
creates HyperText Markup personal computers. operating system was released.
Language, widely known as A $300 million promotional
HTML. He also coined the term campaign was launched to get
“WorldWideWeb.” It includes the the news out. Sun Microsystems
first browser, a server, HTML, introduces Java 1.0, followed by
and URLs. 1996 Netscape Communications’
JavaScript.
At Stanford University, Sergey Brin and
Larry Page created the Google search
engine.
 Late 20th Century

1998
Apple introduces the iMac,
an all-in-one Macintosh
1999
desktop computer. These Wi-Fi, an abbreviation for
PCs cost $1,300 and came “wireless fidelity,” is
with a 4GB hard drive, 32MB created, originally covering
RAM, a CD-ROM, and a 15- a range of up to 300 feet.
inch monitor.
 21st Century

2001
2000 Apple releases Mac OS X, later 2003
renamed OS X and eventually
The USB flash drive is first simply macOS, as the successor
introduced in 2000. They to its conventional Mac
Customers could purchase
were speedier and had Operating System. AMD’s Athlon 64, the first
more storage space than 64-bit CPU for consumer
other storage media computers.
options when used for data
storage.
2004
Facebook began as a social
networking website.
 21st Century

2006
2005 Apple’s MacBook Pro was 2007
available. The Pro was the
Google acquires Android, a company’s first dual-core, Intel-
mobile phone OS based on based mobile computer.
The first iPhone was
Linux. produced by Apple,
Amazon Web Services, including bringing many computer
Amazon Elastic Cloud 2 (EC2) operations into the palm of
and Amazon Simple Storage
Service, were also launched (S3) our hands. Amazon also
released the Kindle, one of
the first electronic reading
2009 systems, in 2007.
Microsoft released Windows 7.
 21st Century

2014
2011 The University of Michigan 2015
Google introduces the Micro Mote (M3), the
Chromebook, which runs world’s smallest computer, Apple introduces the Apple
Google Chrome OS. was constructed. Watch. Windows 10 was
also released by Microsoft.

2016
The world’s first reprogrammable
quantum computer is built.
 Types of
03 Computers
Analog Computers

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Analog Computers
Analog Computers
Digital Computers

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Digital Computers
Types of Digital Computers

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Types of Digital Computers

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Types of Digital Computers

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Types of Digital Computers

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Types of Digital Computers

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Question and Answer
Question and Answer
Question and Answer
THANK YOU!
MELODY MAE P. MONTAS, ree
[email protected]
+63 917 5100363

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 References
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of-computers/history-of-
computers/#:~:text=Early%20History%20of%20Computer,-
Since%20the%20evolution&text=One%20of%20the%20earliest%20and,was%2
0a%20general%2Dpurpose%20computer.
• https://www.computerhistory.org
• https://commons.wikimedia.org
• https://history-computer.com
• https://www.britannica.com/technology