ABSTRACT

1
ABSTRACT

Nowadays, accidental death of lineman is a commonly occurring tragedy.

so, it is compulsory for us to guarantee the safety of linemen by adapting a new
method of operation. A new system should be adapted to regulate and manage
the control panel which consists of all the electrical components and circuit
breakers. These accidents are on the rise throughout the country, main reason
being miscommunication between the maintenance workers and sub-station
workers. The planned system gives a solution for this problem and reduces the
risk for linemen. The control to activating/ deactivating he control panel is in
the hands of the linemen only. In this new method of operation, a “Passcode or
Password” is needed to access the control panel and further to operate the
circuit breaker (ON/OFF). An encrypted Passcode/Password is sent form the
substation to the circuit breaker operators(linemen), for the purpose executing
maintenance works. The password is registered and forwarded to the lineman’s
mobile. The received passcode/password is typed in through the matrix
keyboard which acts as the input device and also it is interfaced to the
microcontroller present inside the panel. The password entered by the lineman
is compared with the encrypted passcode received from the substation. Only
when both the passwords match, the lineman will be able to access the control
panel and to operate the circuit breaker, so he can proceed to do the repair
works and maintenance works. If any third party enters a wrong password,
he/she will not be able to access or operate the control panel and hence the
system will be completely secured.

2
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

3
CHAPTER-1

1.1 INTRODUCTIONARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

In present times, casualties of line-workers due to accidents occurring

during maintenance works is on the rise. Until now, to execute maintenance
works, Line clearance method is used to shut down the electrical line in which
the work is to be done. There are lots of short-comings to this method, like
accidental charging of the line due to mistake of the operators at station, which
can lead to serious injuries, and in some unfortunate cases, even deaths of line-
workers. The employment of microcontrollers can be a solution to this issue.
The employment of communication networks will increase the potency of the
pilotless devices. This new method with the help of locking system, reduces the
risk of physical contact with the high voltage electrical lines, and enables us to
control the circuit breakers automatically. A circuit breaker is a protective
device which acts as a switch designed to safeguard an electrical circuit from
damage caused by short circuit. When operated manually there is a chance of
fatal accidents occurring to the line-workers such as linemen and occurrence of
these accidents are steadily increasing during the electric line repair due to the
lack of communication and coordination between the maintenance staff and the
electric substation staff. Circuit breakers are an important necessity for an
electrical system as they play a vital role in protecting the electrical
components. And their malfunctioning can cause damage to the electrical
equipment and could result in unstable operating conditions. When doing repair
works on electrical lines there is a probability of miscommunication between
the linemen and substation workers.

4
 This miscommunication could result in an accident and result in the death
of the line-workers. There are many major disadvantages to the existing system
of Circuit Breaker operation, for example: During maintenance or repair works,
the entire line is turned off which is a major inconvenience for the consumers,
and sometimes, miscommunication between line-workers and substation
workers may result in fatal accidents. So as a solution to this outdated method
of operation and to increase the safety of the linemen, we propose a new system
of operation which doesn’t require manual operation of the Circuit breaker.
Here’s how our system will work; The Passcode entered by the lineman will be
displayed in the LCD display. This passcode will be compared with the
password which was received through the SMS. Our system uses a
microcontroller which is embedded in ATMAGA328P. If a particular line needs
repair or maintenance, the substation workers will send an encrypted password
to the lineman. The lineman will then enter the received passcode in the keypad
present in the panel. This Passcode will be compared with the password in the
ATMAGA328P. If both these passwords match, the control panel door will be
opened. A relay gives the control signal to the panel and the circuit breaker for
the required operation. As soon as the repair work is done, lineman should enter
the same passcode to switch ON the circuit breaker, and hence the electrical line
will be active again. Hence, the control of the circuit breakers and the ability to
access the control panel will be in the hands of linemen and substation workers
only.

5
 In this proposed method, there are numerous advantages, starting from
increase in the safety of Linemen, User friendly operation of main line, the
proposed system is easy to install and operate, this method of operation is very
Cost-effective, and most importantly it is easy to maintain and repair.
The primary objectives of our system is to decrease the physical work
required while switching ON/OFF the CB's, and also to increase the safety of
Line-men during maintenance works.
:1
1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY 0.9790/9
622-1104021621 17 | P a g e
B. Sai kumar et al., [1] Security is the prime concern in our day to day
life while performing any activity. In the current scenario, accidental death of
lineman is often read and evidenced. In this direction, a safety measure to safe
guard the operator is found very necessary looking into the present working
style. The electric lineman safety a circuit breaker is an automatically operated
electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by
overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and
interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be
replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to
resume normal operation. When operated manually we see fatal electrical
accidents to the line man are increasing during the electric line repair due to the
lack of communication and coordination between the maintenance staff and the
electric substation staff. In order to avoid such accidents, the breaker can be so
designed such that only authorized person can operate it with a password. This
ensures security of the worker because no one can turn on the line without his
permission. The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit microcontroller of 8051
family. The password is stored in EEPROM, interfaced to the microcontroller
and the password can be changed any time unlike a fixed one burnt permanently
on to the microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the password and a relay to

6
open or close circuit breaker, which is indicated by a lamp. Any wrong attempt
to open the breaker (by entering the wrong password) an alert will be actuated,
indicated by another LED. system is designed to control the control panel doors
and circuit breaker by using a password for the safety.

Mallikarjun G. Hudedmani et al.,[2] Security is the prime concern in our

day to day life while performing any activity. In the current scenario, accidental
death of lineman is often read and evidenced. In this direction, a safety measure
to safe guard the operator is found very necessary looking into the present
working style. The electric lineman safety system is designed to control the
control panel doors and circuit breaker by using a password for the safety.
Critical electrical accidents to lineman are on the rise during electric line repair
may be due to lack of communication and co-ordination between the
maintenance staff and electric substation staff. The proposed system provides a
solution that ensures safety of lineman. The control to turn ON or OFF the line
is maintained by the lineman. The system has an arrangement such that a
password is required to operate the doors of the control panel and circuit
breaker (ON/OFF). A secured password is requested and received from the
control room by the lineman for the point of repair or service. This request is
registered and a password is sent to the lineman’s mobile and control panel
GSM module for the further work. The password is entered through the matrix
keypad which is interfaced to the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The entered
password is compared with the password received by the control panel GSM
receiver. If the entered password is correct then the circuit breaker ON/OFF and
door OPEN/CLOSE feature is enabled for the lineman to take up repair. Any
intruder tries to operate the mechanism with the wrong password by three times
it will display a message in the LCD display and a message is sent to the control
room regarding unauthorized accessing of the system for the safety reasons.

7
 Pramod M. Murari et al.,[3] a circuit breaker is an automatically operated
electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by
overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and
interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be
replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to
resume normal operation. When operated manually we see fatal electrical
accidents to the line man are increasing during the electric line repair due to the
lack of communication and coordination between the maintenance staff and the
electric substation staff. In order to avoid such accidents, the breaker can be so
designed such that only authorized person can operate it with a password. This
ensures security of the worker because no one can turn on the line without his
permission. The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit microcontroller of 8051
family. The password is stored in an EEPROM, interfaced to the
microcontroller and the password can be changed any time unlike a fixed one
burnt permanently on to the microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the
password and a relay to open or close circuit breaker, which is indicated by a
lamp. Any wrong attempt to open the breaker (by entering the wrong password)
an alert will be actuated, indicated by another LED.

Prof. Hemant P.Pawar et al.,[4] A circuit breaker is an automatically

operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage
caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault
condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and
then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or
automatically) to resume normal operation. When operated manually we see
fatal electrical accidents to the line man are increasing during the electric line
repair due to the lack of communication and coordination between the
maintenance staff and the electric substation staff. In order to avoid such

8
accidents, the breaker can be so designed such that only authorized person can
operate it with a password. Here, there is also a provision of changing the
password. The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit microcontroller of 8051
family. The password is stored in an EEPROM, interfaced to the
microcontroller and the password can be changed any time unlike a fixed one
burnt permanently on to the microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the
password and a relay to open or close circuit breaker, which is indicated by a
lamp. Any wrong attempt to open the breaker (by entering the wrong password)
an alert will be actuated, indicated by another lamp.

9
 CHAPTER-2

BLOCK DIAGRAM

10
CHAPTER-2

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER
SUPPLY

RELAY
KEYPAD
ATMAGA328P

PASSWORD LOCK
ENTRY LCD DISPLAY

PANEL OPEN/CLOSE

2.2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

11
 CHAPTER-3

EMBEDDED SYSTEM

12
CHAPTER-3

3.1 WHY WE ARE USING EMBEDDED SYSTEM?

 Cost of production is very low.

 It is an advanced and latest technology.

 Production time is very less.

 It improves the efficiency of the host machine tremendously.

3.2 WHAT IS EMBEDDED SYSTEM?

Embedded System is a small computer system that is generally hidden

inside equipment [machine, electrical appliances, or electronic gadget] to
increase the intelligence of the equipment for better or more efficient
functionality. This kind of system always involves both the software and the
hardware co-development.

Embedded Systems are often easier understood in terms of Smart devices,

intelligent or automated equipments. Embedded Systems do not need a
complete operating system, but only the basic functionalities of an operating
system. Hence Embedded System can be defined as follows:

 It is embedding or inserting human intelligence by means of a software into

a Microcontroller chip and designing a hardware for the purpose.

 It is a combination of software and hardware with automatic working

without user interface.

 It performs specific functions in host systems like satellites, remote

controllers, televisions, Robots, ATMs, pagers, laser printers, missile launch
systems, etc.

13
3.3 EMBEDDED SYSTEM

An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware, software

and additional mechanical parts, designed to perform a specific function .An
embedded system is designed to do a specific task within a given time frame,
repeatedly, without human interaction. Embedded system do not need a
complete operating system, but only the basic functionalities of an operating
system in a real-time environment, that is, a real time operating system.
(RTOS). Frequently, embedded system does not have a user interface.

Application Area of embedded system include aerospace/defense

systems, telecommunication equipments and switches, mobile computing,
broadcast, automotives, industrial process control and monitoring, medical
electronics, consumer electronics, etc. Main hardware components of an
embedded system are microprocessor or micro controller, and supporting ICs.
The combination of micro-controller and ICs are application specific.
Commonly used microprocessors include the following. Motorola 680XX
series, IBM PowerPC series processors, MIPS processors, Intel 386 and
compatible CPUs, ARM processors, Sun SPARC series, etc. Embedded systems
need memory for storing programs and data, and usually programs are stored in
ROM or EPROM. Often these systems have a serial port network interface, I/O
interface for interacting with sensors and actuators in the case of process
controlling systems.

14
3.4 MICROPROCESSOR Vs MICROCONTROLLER

Microcontroller is a general-purpose device which has an in-built CPU,

Memory and peripherals, which make it, function as a mini computer.

Both Microcontroller and microprocessor can be employed for designing

products or applications in Embedded System. But Microcontroller has its own
advantages over microprocessor. They are as follows:

 For transfer of data from external memory to the CPU, microprocessor needs
many operational codes. But in Microcontroller, one or two codes are
enough.

 Microcontrollers have many bit-handling instructions, but microprocessors

have only one or two.

 Microcontrollers have built-in peripherals whereas microprocessors lack in-

built peripherals.

 Microcontroller work faster than microprocessor because of rapid movement

of bits within the chip.

 Microcontrollers have simple circuit structure compared to microprocessor.

 Microcontrollers have only 35 instructions whereas microprocessors have

75.

 Microcontrollers are costly when compared with microprocessor.

 Microcontroller can function as a mini computer without any additional

parts.

 Microcontroller instructions are simple, single word instructions.

15
 CHAPTER-4

MICRO CONTROLLER

16
CHAPTER-4

4.1 MICRO CONTROLLER

The ATMEGA-328 is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC

single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel. It uses on-chip
flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time
programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other
microcontrollers at thetime.

17
 4.2 Pin descriptions

 VCC

Digital supply voltage

 GND

Ground

 Port B (PB7:0)XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2

Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors

(selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive
characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port B
pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition
becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Depending on the clock
selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input to the inverting Oscillator
amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. Depending on
the clock selection fuse settings, PB7 can be used as output from the
inverting Oscillator amplifier. If the Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator is
used as chip clock source, PB7.6 is used as TOSC2.1 input for the
Asynchronous Timer/Counter2 if the AS2 bit in ASSR isset.

 Port C(PC5:0)

Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors

(selected for each bit). The PC5..0 output buffers have symmetrical drive
characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C
pinsthat are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition
becomes active, even if the clock is notrunning.

18
  PC6/RESET

If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin.

Note that the electrical characteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other
pins of Port C. If the RSTDISBL Fuse is unprogrammed, PC6 is used as a
Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse
length will generate a Reset, even if the clock is notrunning.

 Port D(PD7:0)

Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors

(selected for each bit). The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive
characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port
Dpins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition
becomes active, even if the clock is notrunning.

 AVCC

AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, PC3:0, and
ADC7:6. It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not
used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-
pass filter. Note that PC6.4 use digital supply voltage, VCC.

 AREF

AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.

 ADC7:6 (TQFP and QFN/MLF packageonly)

In the TQFP and QFN/MLF package, ADC7.6 serve as analog inputs

to the A/D converter. These pins are powered from the analog supply and
serve as 10-bit ADC channels.

19
 CHAPTER-5
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

20
 CHAPTER-5

5.HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

5.1POWER SUPPLY DESCRIPTIONS

The present chapter introduces the operation of power supply circuits built
using filters, rectifiers, and then voltage regulators. Starting with an ac voltage, a
steady dc voltage is obtained by rectifying the ac voltage, then filtering to a dc
level, and finally, regulating to obtain a desired fixed dc voltage. The regulation is
usually obtained from an IC voltage regulator unit, which takes a dc voltage and
provides a somewhat lower dc voltage, which remains the same even if the input
dc voltage varies, or the output load connected to the dc voltage changes.

A block diagram containing the parts of a typical power supply and the
voltage at various points in the unit is shown in fig 19.1. The ac voltage, typically
120 V rms, is connected to a transformer, which steps that ac voltage down to the
level for the desired dc output. A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified
voltage that is initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage.
This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage variation. A
regulator circuit can use this dc input to provide a dc voltage that not only has
much less ripple voltage but also remains the same dc value even if the input dc
voltage varies somewhat, or the load connected to the output dc voltage changes.
This voltage regulation is usually obtained using one of a number of popular
voltage regulator IC units.

Transformer Rectifier Filter IC regulator Load

21
 5.2 IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS:

Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used ICs. Regulator IC units

contain the circuitry for reference source, comparator amplifier, control device,
and overload protection all in a single IC. Although the internal construction of
the IC is somewhat different from that described for discrete voltage regulator
circuits, the external operation is much the same. IC units provide regulation of
either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set
voltage.A power supply can be built using a transformer connected to the ac
supply line to step the ac voltage to a desired amplitude, then rectifying that
ac voltage, filtering with a capacitor and RC filter, if desired, and finally
regulating the dc voltage using an IC regulator.

5.3 THREE-TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATORS:

Fig shows the basic connection of a three-terminal voltage regulator IC to

a load. The fixed voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input voltage, Vi,
applied to one input terminal, a regulated output dc voltage, Vo, from a second
terminal, with the third terminal connected to ground. For a selected regulator,
IC device specifications list a voltage range over which the input voltage can
vary to maintain a regulated output voltage over a range of load current. The
specifications also list the amount of output voltage change resulting from a
change in load current (load regulation) or in input voltage (line regulation).

Fixed Positive Voltage Regulators:

IN OUT

UNREGULATE 7805
D DC
VOLTAGE

GND

22
 The series 78 regulators provide fixed regulated voltages from 5 to 24 V.
Figure 19.26 shows how one such IC, a 7812, is connected to provide voltage
regulation with output from this unit of +12V dc. An unregulated input voltage
Vi is filtered by capacitor C1 and connected to the IC’s IN terminal. The IC’s
OUT terminal provides a regulated + 12V which is filtered by capacitor C2
(mostly for any high-frequency noise). The third IC terminal is connected to
ground (GND). While the input voltage may vary over some permissible
voltage range, and the output load may vary over some acceptable range, the
output voltage remains constant within specified voltage variation limits. These
limitations are spelled out in the manufacturer’s specification sheets. A table of
positive voltage regulated ICs is provided in table

Positive Voltage Regulators in 7800 series

IC Output Voltage Minimum Vi (V)

Part (V)
7805 +5 7.3
7806 +6 8.3
+8 10.5
7808
+10 12.5
7810
+12 14.6
7812
+15 17.7
7815
+18 21.0
7818

23
5.4 LCD DISPLAY

The most commonly used Character based LCDs are based on Hitachi's
HD44780 controller or other which are compatible with HD44580. In this
project document, we will discuss about character based LCDs, their interfacing
with various microcontrollers, various interfaces (8-bit/4-bit), programming,
special stuff and tricks you can do with these simple looking LCDs which can
give a new look to your application.

24
 Usually these days single controller LCD modules are used more in the
market. So in the project document we will discuss more about the single
controller LCD, the operation and everything else is same for the double
controller too.

5.4.1 DDRAM - Display Data RAM

Display data RAM (DDRAM) stores display data represented in 8-bit

character codes. Its extended capacity is 80 X 8 bits, or 80 characters. The area
in display data RAM (DDRAM) that is not used for display can be used as
general data RAM. So whatever you send on the DDRAM is actually displayed
on the LCD. For LCDs like 1x16, only 16 characters are visible, so whatever
you write after 16 chars is written in DDRAM but is not visible to the user.
Figures below will show the DDRAM addresses of 1 Line, 2 Line and 4 Line
LCDs.

5.4.2 CGROM - Character Generator ROM

Now you might be thinking that when you send an ascii value to
DDRAM, how the character is displayed on LCD? so the answer is CGROM.
The character generator ROM generates 5 x 8 dot or 5 x 10 dot character
patterns from 8-bit character codes (see Figure 5 and Figure 6 for more details).

25
 It can generate 208 5 x 8 dot character patterns and 32 5 x 10 dot character
patterns. User defined character patterns are also available by mask-
programmed ROM.

5.5 .ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY:

The electromagnetic relays give a transision from ON to OFF when the coil is
energised or deenergised. The main feature in a relay is contacts that close or open
an electric circuit under the control of electromagnet.

We use the un scaled general purpose relay and is very simple in design.

ARMATURE FIXED CONTACT

MOVABLE CONTACT

SUPPLY
COIL SPRING

IRON CORE

When a DC current is passed through a coil the iron core get magnetised
and attracting armature towards it. The moving contact is attached to the armature.
Therefore the switches can operated with the help of this make contact.

Typical switching capacities

Normal duty contacts : 5 amp 24Vdc

1 amp 250Vac

26
Heavy duty contacts : 10 amp 24Vdc

5 amp 250Vac

5.6. THE SWITCHING TRANSISTOR:

The transistor BC 547(NPN) is used to switch the LED displays. The

simplest way to use a transistor as a switch, meaning that we operate it at either
saturation or cut-off, when a transistor is saturated, it is like a closed switch from
the collector to the emitter. When a transistor is cut- off it is like an open switch.

+Vcc

Rc
IC

+VBB RB
BC 547

VCC / RC CLOSED SWITCH

VCE

OPEN SWITCH

27
5.7 KEYPAD

HEX keypad is a standard device with 16 keys connected in a 4×4 matrix,

giving the characters 0-9 A-F. Interfacing of Hex key pad to Atmega32 is
essential while designing embedded system projects which requires character or
numeric input or both. For example projects like digital code lock, numeric
calculator etc. Here we are using this to enter numeric password for turn
ON/OFF the circuit breaker. This can be easily interface with ant kits
Microcontroller Development Board. It is a four pin tactile switch and four
mounting holes 3.2mm each

28
 CHAPTER-6
PROGRAMMING

29
CHAPTER-6

6.PROGRAMMING

The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the (Arduino Software

(IDE)).The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preprogrammed with a
bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an
external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500
protocol.

6.2 Power

The Arduino Uno board can be powered via the USB connection or with
an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.

External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter

(wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm
center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be
inserted in the GND and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.

Arduino Power Supply

6.3 Memory

The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB occupied by the bootloader). It also

has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM

30
6.4 ARDUINO DEVELOPMENT "IDE"

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-

platform application written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for the
Processing programming language and the Wiring projects. It is designed to
introduce programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with software
development. It includes a code editor with features such as syntax highlighting,
brace matching, and automatic indentation, and is also capable of compiling and
uploading programs to the board with a single click. There is typically no need
to edit make files or run programs on a command-line interface

Developer(s) Arduino Software

Stable release 1.0.3 / December 10, 2012; 3months ago

Written in Java, C and C++

Operating system Cross-platform

Type Integrated development environment

Website arduino.cc

31
 Arduino programs are written in C or C++ The Arduino IDE comes with
a software library called "Wiring" from the original Wiring project, which
makes many common input/output.

Operations much easier. Users only need define two functions.

To make a run able cyclic executive program:

 Setup (): a function run once at the start of a program that can initialize
settings.

 Loop (): a function called repeatedly until the board powers off

32
6.5 FLOWCHART

Start

Enter Password

Verify Password

Password Password incorrect

Correct?

Select Enter Password

Action

Execute Verify Password

Action

Action Password Incorrect

Completed
Successfully?

Update Select Action

System
Status

End

33
CHAPTER-7

CONCLUSION

34
CHAPTER-7
CONCLUSION

security/safety of the project. it's designed to regulate a circuit breaker

with the assistance of a password. the maintenance staff e.g. line man’s for
control to turn on/off. the transmitting wires works with the line man only this
system is arrangement such that a password is required to run the circuit breaker
(on/off). line man can turn off the supply and comfortably repair it, and return to
the substation, then activate the transmitting wires by entering the right or same
password. the system fully controlled by an Arduino. if the password entered
through keypad is correct, then the circuit will be turned (on/off). security is
prime concern in our daily life. everyone wants to be more secure while
handling electrical lines. this technique provides a replacement approach to a
lineman security for their life. the circuit can be used without any damage to a
lineman. the circuit can be used with numerous loads may also be controlled
when required.

35
CHAPTER-8
REFERENCES

36
CHAPTER-8
REFERENCE

[1]. Abdallah, Fahad EltoumAlebaid, et al. Password Based Circuit Breaker

with GSM Module. Diss. Sudan University of Science and Technology, 2018.
[2]. Kumar, Jay, et al. "Password Based Circuit Breaker." International Journal
of Recent ResearchAspects 1 (2016): 80-88.

[3]. Nair, Athira P., et al. "Electric Line Man Safety System with OTP Based
Circuit

[4]. Breaker." IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and

Technology eISSN (2015):2319-1163

[5]. Raza, MD Wasiq, and Amit Naitam. "ELECTRIC LINEMAN

PROTECTION USING USER CHANGEABLE PASSWORD BASED
CIRCUIT BREAKER." International Journal of ResearchInScience &
Engineering 3 (2017).

[6]. Redekar, Abhijeet, et al. "Electric Lineman Protection Using Keypad

AndGsm Based CircuitBreaker." (2018).

[7]. Manivannan, S., et al. "Design Implementation and Evaluation of Password

Protected Circuit Breaker for Reliable Power System Protection and
Maintenance." Advances in Materials Research. Springer, Singapore, 2021.
933-942

[8]. Antony, Santhi Mary A., and D. Ramya. "Password Based Circuit Breaker
Using GSM Modem." RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES 8.2 (2017): 1472- 1477.

37
[9]. P.A.Y. Prabhakar, P.S.K. Oza, N.Shrivastava&P.Srivastava. “Password
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