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Sas PPT 1

This document provides an introduction and overview of SAS datasets, including their structure, attributes of variables, terminology, naming criteria, handling of dates and missing data, syntax rules, and the main SAS windows for writing, executing, and viewing output of SAS programs. Key points covered include the descriptor and data sections of SAS datasets, variable types, syntax formatting conventions, and using PROC statements like PROC UNIVARIATE to analyze dataset variables.

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Varun Gadi
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20 views30 pages

Sas PPT 1

This document provides an introduction and overview of SAS datasets, including their structure, attributes of variables, terminology, naming criteria, handling of dates and missing data, syntax rules, and the main SAS windows for writing, executing, and viewing output of SAS programs. Key points covered include the descriptor and data sections of SAS datasets, variable types, syntax formatting conventions, and using PROC statements like PROC UNIVARIATE to analyze dataset variables.

Uploaded by

Varun Gadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to SAS

Programming
Some notes pulled from SAS
Programming I: Essentials Training
SAS Datasets
Examining the structure of SAS
Datasets
SAS Data Sets
Two Sections

Descriptor Section

Data Section
Data Set Descriptor Section
SAS Data Section
Attributes of Variables
● Name
● e.g. Status
● Type
● Numeric or Character
● e.g. Status in this example is character (T, TT, PT,
or NTT) and Satisfaction is numeric (1 to 5).
SAS Data Set Terminology

● Variables – columns in a SAS data set.


● Observations – rows in a SAS data set.
● Numeric Data – values that are treated as numeric
and may include 8 bytes of floating storage for 16 to
17 significant digits.
● Character Data – non numeric data values such as
letters, numbers, special characters, and blanks.
May be stores with a length of 1 to 32, 767 bytes.
One byte is equal to one character.
SAS Data Set and Variable
Name Criteria
● Can be 32 characters long.
● Can be uppercase, lowercase, or a mixture of
the cases.
● Are not case sensitive
● Cannot start with number and cannot contain
special characters or blanks.
● Must start with a letter or underscore.
SAS Dates
● Dates are treated as special kind of numeric data.

● They are the number of days since January 1st, 1960.


January 1st 1960 is the 0 point. SAS dates can go back to
1582 (Gregorian Calendar) and forward to the year 20000.
● Dates are displayed using a format. There are a number of
different date formats supported by SAS.

● Time is scored as the number of seconds since


midnight. SAS date time is the number of seconds
since January 1st, 1960.
Missing Data in SAS
● Missing values are valid values.
● For character data, missing values are displayed as blanks.
● For numeric data, missing values are displayed as periods.
SAS Syntax
SAS Syntax
● Statements in SAS are like sentences. The
punctuation though is a semicolon( ; )rather
than a period ( . )
● Most Statements (but not all) start with an
identifying key word (e.g. proc, data, label,
options, format…)
● Statements are strung together into sections
similar to paragraphs. These paragraphs in a
Windows OS are ended with the word “run”
and a semicolon.
Example of SAS Syntax
SAS Syntax Rules
● SAS statements are format free.
● One or more blanks or special characters are
used to separate words.
● They can begin and end in any column.
● A single statement can span multiple lines.
● Several statements can be on the same line.
Example of SAS Free Format

Using the free-format Syntax


rules of SAS though can make it difficult for others (or you) to read your
program. This is akin to
writing a page of text with little attention to line breaks. You may still have
Capital letters and periods, but where a sentence begins and ends may be a bit confusing.
Example of SAS Formatted

Using the free-format Syntax rules of SAS though can make it difficult for others
(or you) to read your program. This is akin to writing a page of text with little
attention to line breaks. You may still have capital letters and periods, but where a
sentence begins and ends may be a bit confusing. Isn’t this paragraph a bit
easier to read?
SAS Comments
● Type /* to begin a comment.
● Type your comment text.
● Type */ to end the comment.
● Or, type an * at the beginning of a line. Everything
between the * and the ; will be commented.
● e.g. *infile ‘tutor.dat’;
● Alternatively, highlight the text that you would like to
comment and use the keys Ctrl / to comment the
line. To uncomment a line, highlight and use the Ctrl
Shift / keys.
SAS Comments
SAS Windows
SAS Windows

Explorer Log

Editor
Enhanced Editor Window

Output

Enhanced
Editor

● Your program script appears in this window.


● You can either bring it in from a file or type the program right into the window.
● Once the program is in the window, you can Click Submit (or the running guy).
SAS Log

● SAS Log provides a “blow by blow” account of the execution of your program. It
includes how many observations were read and output, as well as, errors and notes.
● Note the errors in red.
Output Window
SAS Library
● SAS Data Libraries are like drawers in a filing cabinet. The SAS data sets are files
within those drawers. Note the icons for the SAS library match that metaphor.
● In order to assign a “drawer”, you assign a library reference name (libref).
● There are two drawers already in your library: work (temporary) and sasuser
(permanent).
● You can also create your own libraries (drawers) using the libname statement.
Establishing the libname

Type the libname


command in the
Enhanced Editor.
Click on the
running icon

libname Tina ‘E:\Trainings\JMP Training’;


run;
Viewtable Window
Proc Reg

Proc reg data= Tina.hsb2;


Model write = read / clb;
Run;
Proc Univariate
Proc Univariate
Proc Univariate
Proc Univariate

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