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Example Explained
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
The <head> element contains meta-information about the HTML page
The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the
browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible
contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
The <h1> element defines a large heading
The <p> element defines a paragraph
<*> Basic: <tagname> Context go here… </tagname>
Notepad: Name the file "index.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is
the preferred encoding for HTML files).
All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.
The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.
The title
The title attribute defines some extra information about an element.
The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the
element:
Example
<p title="I'm a tooltip">This is a paragraph.</p>
ATTRIBUTES
All HTML elements can have attributes
The href attribute of <a> specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
The src attribute of <img> specifies the path to the image to be displayed
The width and height attributes of <img> provide size information for images
The alt attribute of <img> provides an alternate text for an image
The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more
The lang attribute of the <html> tag declares the language of the Web page
The title attribute defines some extra information about an element
HTML Horizontal Rules
The <hr> tag defines a thematic break in an HTML page, and is most often displayed as a
horizontal rule.
The <hr> element is used to separate content (or define a change) in an HTML page:
Example
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<p>This is some text.</p>
<hr>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<p>This is some other text.</p>
<hr>
HTML Line Breaks
The HTML <br> element defines a line break.
Use <br> if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:
Example
<p>This is<br>a paragraph<br>with line breaks.</p>
The <br> tag is an empty tag, which means that it has no end tag.
The HTML <pre> Element
The HTML <pre> element defines preformatted text.
The text inside a <pre> element is displayed in a fixed-width font (usually Courier), and it
preserves both spaces and line breaks:
Example
<pre>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.
My Bonnie lies over the sea.
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.
</pre>
HTML Styles
The HTML style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more.
The HTML Style Attribute
Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with the style attribute.
The HTML style attribute has the following syntax:
<tagname style="property:value;">
The property is a CSS property. The value is a CSS value.
Background Color
The CSS background-color property defines the background color for an HTML element.
Example
Set the background color for a page to powder blue:
<body style="background-color:powderblue;">
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
Example
Set background color for two different elements:
<body>
<h1 style="background-color:powderblue;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="background-color:tomato;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
Text Color
The CSS color property defines the text color for an HTML element:
Example
<h1 style="color:blue;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="color:red;">This is a paragraph.</p>
Fonts
The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used for an HTML element:
Example
<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:courier;">This is a paragraph.</p>
Text Size
The CSS font-size property defines the text size for an HTML element:
Example
<h1 style="font-size:300%;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-size:160%;">This is a paragraph.</p>
Text Alignment
The CSS text-align property defines the horizontal text alignment for an HTML element:
Example
<h1 style="text-align:center;">Centered Heading</h1>
<p style="text-align:center;">Centered paragraph.</p>
Chapter Summary
Use the style attribute for styling HTML elements
Use background-color for background color
Use color for text colors
Use font-family for text fonts
Use font-size for text sizes
Use text-align for text alignment
HTML Text Formatting
HTML contains several elements for defining text with a special meaning.
HTML Formatting Elements
Formatting elements were designed to display special types of text:
<b> - Bold text
<strong> - Important text
<i> - Italic text
<em> - Emphasized text
<mark> - Marked text
<small> - Smaller text
<del> - Deleted text
<ins> - Inserted text
<sub> - Subscript text
<sup> - Superscript text
HTML <b> and <strong> Elements
The HTML <b> element defines bold text, without any extra importance.
Example
<b>This text is bold</b>
- The HTML <strong> element defines text with strong importance. The content inside is
typically displayed in bold.
Example
<strong>This text is important!</strong>
HTML <i> and <em> Elements
- The HTML <i> element defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood. The content
inside is typically displayed in italic.
Tip: The <i> tag is often used to indicate a technical term, a phrase from another language, a
thought, a ship name, etc.
Example
<i>This text is italic</i>
- The HTML <em> element defines emphasized text. The content inside is typically displayed in
italic.
Tip: A screen reader will pronounce the words in <em> with an emphasis, using verbal stress.
Example
<em>This text is emphasized</em>
HTML <small> Element
The HTML <small> element defines smaller text:
Example
<small>This is some smaller text.</small>
HTML <mark> Element
The HTML <mark> element defines text that should be marked or highlighted:
Example
<p>Do not forget to buy <mark>milk</mark> today.</p>
HTML <del> Element
The HTML <del> element defines text that has been deleted from a document. Browsers will
usually strike a line through deleted text:
Example
<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> red.</p>
HTML <ins> Element
The HTML <ins> element defines a text that has been inserted into a document. Browsers will
usually underline inserted text:
Example
<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> <ins>red</ins>.</p>
HTML <sub> Element
The HTML <sub> element defines subscript text. Subscript text appears half a character below
the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Subscript text can be used for
chemical formulas, like H2O:
Example
<p>This is <sub>subscripted</sub> text.</p>
HTML <sup> Element
The HTML <sup> element defines superscript text. Superscript text appears half a character
above the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Superscript text can be
used for footnotes, like WWW[1]:
Example
<p>This is <sup>superscripted</sup> text.</p>
HTML Text Formatting Elements
Tag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<small> Defines smaller text
<strong> Defines important text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text
<mark> Defines marked/highlighted text
HTML Quotation and Citation
Elements
In this chapter we will go through the <blockquote>,<q>, <abbr>, <address>, <cite>,
and <bdo> HTML elements.
HTML <blockquote> for Quotations
The HTML <blockquote> element defines a section that is quoted from another source.
Browsers usually indent <blockquote> elements.
Example
<p>Here is a quote from WWF's website:</p>
<blockquote cite="http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/index.html">
For 60 years, WWF has worked to help people and nature thrive. As the world's leading
conservation organization, WWF works in nearly 100 countries. At every level, we
collaborate with people around the world to develop and deliver innovative solutions
that protect communities, wildlife, and the places in which they live.
</blockquote>
HTML <q> for Short Quotations
The HTML <q> tag defines a short quotation.
Browsers normally insert quotation marks around the quotation.
Example
<p>WWF's goal is to: <q>Build a future where people live in harmony with
nature.</q></p>
HTML <abbr> for Abbreviations
The HTML <abbr> tag defines an abbreviation or an acronym, like "HTML", "CSS", "Mr.", "Dr.",
"ASAP", "ATM".
Marking abbreviations can give useful information to browsers, translation systems and
search-engines.
Tip: Use the global title attribute to show the description for the abbreviation/acronym when
you mouse over the element.
Example
<p>The <abbr title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr> was founded in 1948.</p>
HTML <address> for Contact Information
The HTML <address> tag defines the contact information for the author/owner of a document
or an article.
The contact information can be an email address, URL, physical address, phone number,
social media handle, etc.
The text in the <address> element usually renders in italic, and browsers will always add a line
break before and after the <address> element.
Example
<address>
Written by John Doe.<br>
Visit us at:<br>
Example.com<br>
Box 564, Disneyland<br>
USA
</address>
HTML <cite> for Work Title
The HTML <cite> tag defines the title of a creative work (e.g. a book, a poem, a song, a
movie, a painting, a sculpture, etc.).
Note: A person's name is not the title of a work.
The text in the <cite> element usually renders in italic.
Example
<p><cite>The Scream</cite> by Edvard Munch. Painted in 1893.</p>
HTML <bdo> for Bi-Directional Override
BDO stands for Bi-Directional Override.
The HTML <bdo> tag is used to override the current text direction:
Example
<bdo dir="rtl">This text will be written from right to left</bdo>
HTML Quotation and Citation Elements
Tag Description
<abbr> Defines an abbreviation or acronym
<address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<bdo> Defines the text direction
<blockquote> Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<cite> Defines the title of a work
<q> Defines a short inline quotation
HTML Comments
HTML comments are not displayed in the browser, but they can help document your
HTML source code.
HTML Comment Tag
You can add comments to your HTML source by using the following syntax:
<!-- Write your comments here -->
Add Comments
With comments you can place notifications and reminders in your HTML code:
Example
<!-- This is a comment -->
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<!-- Remember to add more information here -->
Hide Content
- Comments can be used to hide content.
This can be helpful if you hide content temporarily:
Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<!-- <p>This is another paragraph </p> -->
<p>This is a paragraph too.</p>
- You can also hide more than one line. Everything between the <!-- and the --> will be
hidden from the display.
Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<!--
<p>Look at this cool image:</p>
<img border="0" src="pic_trulli.jpg" alt="Trulli">
-->
<p>This is a paragraph too.</p>
- Comments are also great for debugging HTML, because you can comment out HTML lines of
code, one at a time, to search for errors.
Hide Inline Content
Comments can be used to hide parts in the middle of the HTML code
Example
<p>This <!-- great text --> is a paragraph.</p>
HTML Colors
HTML colors are specified with predefined color names, or with RGB, HEX, HSL, RGBA, or
HSLA values.
Color Names
In HTML, a color can be specified by using a color name:
Tomato
Orange
DodgerBlue
MediumSeaGreen
Gray
SlateBlue
Violet
LightGray
Background Color
You can set the background color for HTML elements:
Hello World
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod
tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis
nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Example
<h1 style="background-color:DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1>
<p style="background-color:Tomato;">Lorem ipsum...</p>
Text Color
You can set the color of text:
Hello World
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod
tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.
Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut
aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Example
<h1 style="color:Tomato;">Hello World</h1>
<p style="color:DodgerBlue;">Lorem ipsum...</p>
<p style="color:MediumSeaGreen;">Ut wisi enim...</p>
Border Color
You can set the color of borders:
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Example
<h1 style="border:2px solid Tomato;">Hello World</h1>
<h1 style="border:2px solid DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1>
<h1 style="border:2px solid Violet;">Hello World</h1>
Color Values
In HTML, colors can also be specified using RGB values, HEX values, HSL values, RGBA
values, and HSLA values.
The following three <div> elements have their background color set with RGB, HEX, and HSL
values:
rgb(255, 99, 71)
#ff6347
hsl(9, 100%, 64%)
The following two <div> elements have their background color set with RGBA and
HSLA values, which add an Alpha channel to the color (here we have 50%
transparency):
rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.5)
hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.5)
Example
<h1 style="background-color:rgb(255, 99, 71);">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#ff6347;">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(9, 100%, 64%);">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.5);">...</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.5);">...</h1>
HTML Styles - CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.
What is CSS?
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to format the layout of a webpage.
With CSS, you can control the color, font, the size of text, the spacing between elements,
how elements are positioned and laid out, what background images or background colors are
to be used, different displays for different devices and screen sizes, and much more!
Using CSS
CSS can be added to HTML documents in 3 ways:
Inline - by using the style attribute inside HTML elements
Internal - by using a <style> element in the <head> section
External - by using a <link> element to link to an external CSS file
The most common way to add CSS, is to keep the styles in external CSS files. However, in
this tutorial we will use inline and internal styles, because this is easier to demonstrate, and
easier for you to try it yourself.
Inline CSS
An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.
An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element.
The following example sets the text color of the <h1> element to blue, and the text color of
the <p> element to red:
Example
<h1 style="color:blue;">A Blue Heading</h1>
<p style="color:red;">A red paragraph.</p>
Internal CSS
An internal CSS is used to define a style for a single HTML page.
An internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within a <style> element.
The following example sets the text color of ALL the <h1> elements (on that page) to blue, and
the text color of ALL the <p> elements to red. In addition, the page will be displayed with a
"powderblue" background color:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color: powderblue;}
h1 {color: blue;}
p {color: red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
External CSS
An external style sheet is used to define the style for many HTML pages.
To use an external style sheet, add a link to it in the <head> section of each HTML page:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file must not contain any HTML
code, and must be saved with a .css extension.
Here is what the "styles.css" file looks like:
"styles.css":
body {
background-color: powderblue;
}
h1 {
color: blue;
}
p {
color: red;
}
CSS Colors, Fonts and Sizes
Here, we will demonstrate some commonly used CSS properties. You will learn more about
them later.
The CSS color property defines the text color to be used.
The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used.
The CSS font-size property defines the text size to be used.
Example
Use of CSS color, font-family and font-size properties:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: blue;
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 300%;
}
p {
color: red;
font-family: courier;
font-size: 160%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS Border
The CSS border property defines a border around an HTML element.
Tip: You can define a border for nearly all HTML elements.
Example
Use of CSS border property:
p {
border: 2px solid powderblue;
}
CSS Padding
The CSS padding property defines a padding (space) between the text and the border.
Example
Use of CSS border and padding properties:
p {
border: 2px solid powderblue;
padding: 30px;
}
CSS Margin
The CSS margin property defines a margin (space) outside the border.
Example
Use of CSS border and margin properties:
p {
border: 2px solid powderblue;
margin: 50px;
}
Link to External CSS
External style sheets can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the current
web page.
Example
This example uses a full URL to link to a style sheet:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/styles.css">
Example
This example links to a style sheet located in the html folder on the current web site:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/html/styles.css">
Example
This example links to a style sheet located in the same folder as the current page:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
Chapter Summary
Use the HTML style attribute for inline styling
Use the HTML <style> element to define internal CSS
Use the HTML <link> element to refer to an external CSS file
Use the HTML <head> element to store <style> and <link> elements
Use the CSS color property for text colors
Use the CSS font-family property for text fonts
Use the CSS font-size property for text sizes
Use the CSS border property for borders
Use the CSS padding property for space inside the border
Use the CSS margin property for space outside the border
HTML Style Tags
Tag Description
<style> Defines style information for an HTML document
<link> Defines a link between a document and an external resource
HTML Links
Links are found in nearly all web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to
page.
HTML Links - Hyperlinks
HTML links are hyperlinks.
You can click on a link and jump to another document.
When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand.
HTML Links - Syntax
The HTML <a> tag defines a hyperlink. It has the following syntax:
<a href="url">link text</a>
The most important attribute of the <a> element is the href attribute, which indicates the
link's destination.
The link text is the part that will be visible to the reader.
Clicking on the link text, will send the reader to the specified URL address.
Example
This example shows how to create a link to W3Schools.com:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools.com!</a>
By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers:
An unvisited link is underlined and blue
A visited link is underlined and purple
An active link is underlined and red
HTML Links - The target Attribute
By default, the linked page will be displayed in the current browser window. To change this,
you must specify another target for the link.
The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
The target attribute can have one of the following values:
_self - Default. Opens the document in the same window/tab as it was clicked
_blank - Opens the document in a new window or tab
_parent - Opens the document in the parent frame
_top - Opens the document in the full body of the window
Example
Use target="_blank" to open the linked document in a new browser window or tab:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>
Absolute URLs vs. Relative URLs
Both examples above are using an absolute URL (a full web address) in the href attribute.
A local link (a link to a page within the same website) is specified with a relative
URL (without the "https://www" part):
Example
<h2>Absolute URLs</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.w3.org/">W3C</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.google.com/">Google</a></p>
<h2>Relative URLs</h2>
<p><a href="html_images.asp">HTML Images</a></p>
<p><a href="/css/default.asp">CSS Tutorial</a></p>
HTML Links - Use an Image as a Link
To use an image as a link, just put the <img> tag inside the <a> tag:
Example
<a href="default.asp">
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML tutorial" style="width:42px;height:42px;">
</a>
Link to an Email Address
Use mailto: inside the href attribute to create a link that opens the user's email program (to
let them send a new email):
Example
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">Send email</a>
Button as a Link
To use an HTML button as a link, you have to add some JavaScript code.
JavaScript allows you to specify what happens at certain events, such as a click of a button:
Example
<button onclick="document.location='default.asp'">HTML Tutorial</button>
Link Titles
The title attribute specifies extra information about an element. The information is most
often shown as a tooltip text when the mouse moves over the element.
Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/" title="Go to W3Schools HTML section">Visit
our HTML Tutorial</a>
More on Absolute URLs and Relative URLs
Example
Use a full URL to link to a web page:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp">HTML tutorial</a>
Example
Link to a page located in the html folder on the current web site:
<a href="/html/default.asp">HTML tutorial</a>
Example
Link to a page located in the same folder as the current page:
<a href="default.asp">HTML tutorial</a>
Chapter Summary
Use the <a> element to define a link
Use the href attribute to define the link address
Use the target attribute to define where to open the linked document
Use the <img> element (inside <a>) to use an image as a link
Use the mailto: scheme inside the href attribute to create a link that opens the user's
email program
HTML Link Tags
Tag Description
<a> Defines a hyperlink
HTML Links - Different Colors
An HTML link is displayed in a different color depending on whether it has been visited, is
unvisited, or is active.
HTML Link Colors
By default, a link will appear like this (in all browsers):
An unvisited link is underlined and blue
A visited link is underlined and purple
An active link is underlined and red
You can change the link state colors, by using CSS:
Example
Here, an unvisited link will be green with no underline. A visited link will be pink with no
underline. An active link will be yellow and underlined. In addition, when mousing over a link
(a:hover) it will become red and underlined:
<style>
a:link {
color: green;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: none;
}
a:visited {
color: pink;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover {
color: red;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: underline;
}
a:active {
color: yellow;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: underline;
}
</style>
Link Buttons
A link can also be styled as a button, by using CSS:
This is a link
Example
<style>
a:link, a:visited {
background-color: #f44336;
color: white;
padding: 15px 25px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
}
a:hover, a:active {
background-color: red;
}
</style>
HTML Link Tags
Tag Description
<a> Defines a hyperlink
HTML Links - Create Bookmarks
HTML links can be used to create bookmarks, so that readers can jump to specific parts
of a web page.
Create a Bookmark in HTML
Bookmarks can be useful if a web page is very long.
To create a bookmark - first create the bookmark, then add a link to it.
When the link is clicked, the page will scroll down or up to the location with the bookmark.
Example
First, use the id attribute to create a bookmark:
<h2 id="C4">Chapter 4</h2>
Then, add a link to the bookmark ("Jump to Chapter 4"), from within the same page:
Example
<a href="#C4">Jump to Chapter 4</a>
You can also add a link to a bookmark on another page:
<a href="html_demo.html#C4">Jump to Chapter 4</a>
Chapter Summary
Use the id attribute (id="value") to define bookmarks in a page
Use the href attribute (href="#value") to link to the bookmark
HTML Images
Images can improve the design and the appearance of a web page.
Example
<img src="something.jpg" alt="Something">
HTML Images Syntax
The HTML <img> tag is used to embed an image in a web page.
Images are not technically inserted into a web page; images are linked to web pages.
The <img> tag creates a holding space for the referenced image.
The <img> tag is empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag.
The <img> tag has two required attributes:
src - Specifies the path to the image
alt - Specifies an alternate text for the image
Syntax:
<img src=”url” alt=”alternatetext”>
The src Attribute
The required src attribute specifies the path (URL) to the image.
Note: When a web page loads, it is the browser, at that moment, that gets the image from a
web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the image actually stays in
the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon.
The broken link icon and the alt text are shown if the browser cannot find the image.
Example
<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania">
The alt Attribute
The required alt attribute provides an alternate text for an image, if the user for some reason
cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a
screen reader).
The value of the alt attribute should describe the image:
Example
<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania">
If a browser cannot find an image, it will display the value of the alt attribute:
Example
<img src="wrongname.gif" alt="Flowers in Chania">
Image Size - Width and Height
You can use the style attribute to specify the width and height of an image.
Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket" style="width:500px;height:600px;">
Alternatively, you can use the width and height attributes:
Example
<img src=”img_girl.jpg” alt=”Girl in a jacket” width=”500” height=”600”>
The width and height attributes always define the width and height of the image in pixels.
Width and Height, or Style?
The width, height, and style attributes are all valid in HTML.
However, we suggest using the style attribute. It prevents styles sheets from changing the
size of images:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
img {
width: 100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<img src="html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" width="128" height="128">
<img src="html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px;">
</body>
</html>
Images in Another Folder
If you have your images in a sub-folder, you must include the folder name in
the src attribute:
Example
<img src="/images/html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px;">
Images on Another Server/Website
Some web sites point to an image on another server.
To point to an image on another server, you must specify an absolute (full) URL in
the src attribute:
Example
<img src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/w3schools_green.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com">
Notes on external images: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get
permission to use it, you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot
control external images; they can suddenly be removed or changed.
Animated Images
HTML allows animated GIFs:
Example
<img src="programming.gif" alt="Computer Man" style="width:48px;height:48px;">
Image as a Link
To use an image as a link, put the <img> tag inside the <a> tag:
Example
<a href="default.asp">
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML tutorial" style="width:42px;height:42px;">
</a>
Image Floating
Use the CSS float property to let the image float to the right or to the left of a text:
Example
<p><img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley
face" style="float:right;width:42px;height:42px;">
The image will float to the right of the text.</p>
<p><img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" style="float:left;width:42px;height:42px;">
The image will float to the left of the text.</p>
Common Image Formats
Here are the most common image file types, which are supported in all browsers (Chrome,
Edge, Firefox, Safari, Opera):
Abbreviation File Format Fil
APNG Animated Portable Network Graphics .ap
GIF Graphics Interchange Format .gi
ICO Microsoft Icon .ic
JPEG Joint Photographic Expert Group image .jp
PNG Portable Network Graphics .pn
SVG Scalable Vector Graphics .sv
Chapter Summary
Use the HTML <img> element to define an image
Use the HTML src attribute to define the URL of the image
Use the HTML alt attribute to define an alternate text for an image, if it cannot be
displayed
Use the HTML width and height attributes or the CSS width and height properties to
define the size of the image
Use the CSS float property to let the image float to the left or to the right
HTML Image Maps
With HTML image maps, you can create clickable areas on an image.
Image Maps
The HTML <map> tag defines an image map. An image map is an image with clickable areas.
The areas are defined with one or more <area> tags.
Try to click on the computer, phone, or the cup of coffee in the image below:
Example
Here is the HTML source code for the image map above:
<img src="workplace.jpg" alt="Workplace" usemap="#workmap">
<map name="workmap">
<area shape="rect" coords="34,44,270,350" alt="Computer" href="computer.htm">
<area shape="rect" coords="290,172,333,250" alt="Phone" href="phone.htm">
<area shape="circle" coords="337,300,44" alt="Coffee" href="coffee.htm">
</map>
How Does it Work?
The idea behind an image map is that you should be able to perform different actions
depending on where in the image you click.
To create an image map you need an image, and some HTML code that describes the
clickable areas.
The Image
The image is inserted using the <img> tag. The only difference from other images is that you
must add a usemap attribute:
<img src="workplace.jpg" alt="Workplace" usemap="#workmap">
The usemap value starts with a hash tag # followed by the name of the image map, and is used
to create a relationship between the image and the image map.
Create Image Map
Then, add a <map> element.
The <map> element is used to create an image map, and is linked to the image by using the
required name attribute:
<map name="workmap">
The name attribute must have the same value as the <img>'s usemap attribute .
The Areas
Then, add the clickable areas.
A clickable area is defined using an <area> element.
Shape
You must define the shape of the clickable area, and you can choose one of these values:
rect - defines a rectangular region
circle - defines a circular region
poly - defines a polygonal region
default - defines the entire region
You must also define some coordinates to be able to place the clickable area onto the image.
Shape="rect"
The coordinates for shape="rect" come in pairs, one for the x-axis and one for the y-axis.
So, the coordinates 34,44 is located 34 pixels from the left margin and 44 pixels from the top:
The coordinates 270,350 is located 270 pixels from the left margin and 350 pixels from the
top:
Now we have enough data to create a clickable rectangular area:
Example
<area shape="rect" coords="34, 44, 270, 350" href="computer.htm">
This is the area that becomes clickable and will send the user to the page "computer.htm":
r
Shape="circle"
To add a circle area, first locate the coordinates of the center of the circle:
337,300
Then specify the radius of the circle:
44 pixels
Now you have enough data to create a clickable circular area:
Example
<area shape="circle" coords="337, 300, 44" href="coffee.htm">
This is the area that becomes clickable and will send the user to the page "coffee.htm":
Shape="poly"
The shape="poly" contains several coordinate points, which creates a shape formed with
straight lines (a polygon).
This can be used to create any shape.
Like maybe a croissant shape!
How can we make the croissant in the image below become a clickable link?
We have to find the x and y coordinates for all edges of the croissant:
The coordinates come in pairs, one for the x-axis and one for the y-axis:
Example
<area shape="poly" coords="140,121,181,116,204,160,204,222,191,270,140,329,85,355,58,3
52,37,322,40,259,103,161,128,147" href="croissant.htm">
This is the area that becomes clickable and will send the user to the page "croissant.htm":
Image Map and JavaScript
A clickable area can also trigger a JavaScript function.
Add a click event to the <area> element to execute a JavaScript function:
Example
Here, we use the onclick attribute to execute a JavaScript function when the area is clicked:
<map name="workmap">
<area shape="circle" coords="337,300,44" href="coffee.htm" onclick="myFunction()">
</map>
<script>
function myFunction() {
alert("You clicked the coffee cup!");
}
</script>
Chapter Summary
Use the HTML <map> element to define an image map
Use the HTML <area> element to define the clickable areas in the image map
Use the HTML usemap attribute of the <img> element to point to an image map
HTML Image Tags
Tag Description
<img> Defines an image
<map> Defines an image map
<area> Defines a clickable area inside an image map
<picture> Defines a container for multiple image resources
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