INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTER NETWORK
PROF. CHARMANE JOY V. BARRIENTOS, MSCS
 WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORKING?
A group of two or more
computers connected
with each other
electronically.

The network allows

computers to
communicate with each
other and share resources
and information.
 BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
• file sharing - Network file sharing
between computers gives you more
flexibility than using floppy drives
or Zip drives.

• you share photos, music files, and

documents, you can also use a home
network to save copies of all of your
important data on a different
computer.
File synchronization

• Best example is the use of Gdrive

(Google Drive)
 BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
• Resource Sharing - When some
computers are connected in a
network, resources such as
printers, scanners, and storage
can be shared between them.
 BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
• Internet connection sharing -
Using a home network, multiple
family members can access the
Internet simultaneously without
having to pay an ISP for multiple
accounts.
• You will notice the Internet
connection slows down when several
people share it, but broadband
Internet can handle the extra load
with little trouble.
 BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
• multi-player games - Many
popular home computer games
support LAN and Online games
where friends and family can play
together, if they have their
computers networked.
 BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
• Internet telephone service - So-called
Voice over IP (VoIP) is a technology that
allows you to make voice calls using a
broadband Internet connection instead
of a regular (or analog) phone line.

• Communication: Even outside of the

internet, those on the network can
communicate with each other via
electronic mail over the network
system. When connected to the
internet, network users can
communicate with people around the
world via the network.
 BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
• home entertainment -
is the process of connecting
your devices, such as TVs,
speakers, streaming boxes,
gaming consoles, and
computers, to share media
and access online services.
• Having these products
integrated into your network
enables video sharing and
other advanced features like
screen mirroring.
 BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
• Software Cost and
Management: Software
products are available for
networks at a substantial savings
in comparison to buying
individually licensed copied for
all of your computers. You can
also load software on only the
file server which saves time
compared to installing and
tracking files on independent
computers.
Disadvantages of Computer Network
• Security Risk
• You must have heard about some
of the security threats to
computer networks, such as
hacking, virus and malware
attacks, etc.
• If a network is not properly
secured, it becomes easier for
hackers to steal sensitive
information. Due to this, you can
lose the data in your network and
can be a victim of various
problems.
Disadvantages of Computer Network
• Dependency on technology
• When the network fault occurs or
experiences any technical issue, it
can disrupt business operations and
cause delays. Every organization
and government offices are
dependent on the computer
network. Because every work has
been done online.

• When the server is down or the site

does not open due to technical
problems in the network, then
whatever work has to be done
starts getting delayed.
Disadvantages of Computer Network
• Cost
• Computer networks are
expensive to set up and
maintain.
• The equipment used in this,
such as software and ongoing
maintenance, has to be done
on a daily basis. Otherwise,
there are many chances of
network down. Its
maintenance cost is high.
Disadvantages of Computer Network
• Technical expertise
• Installing and maintaining a
computer network requires
specialized technical knowledge.
It requires a network
administrator to operate. If
there is any kind of technical
problem in the network, the
network administrator can solve
it.
Disadvantages of Computer Network
• Bandwidth limitations
• As more devices are
connected to the network, the
bandwidth of the network
slowly goes down. This causes
slow internet speed and other
performance issues. Also, this
causes bad user experience.
Disadvantages of Computer Network
• Complexity
• Computer networks are
complex and difficult to
understand, especially for
non-technical users. Apart
from this, designing and
connecting computer
networks is a very complex
task.
Disadvantages of Computer Network
• Health Problem
• Computer networks give you
access to a range of services such
as entertainment, gaming and
movies.
• These things make you addicted
to the content. Like in today’s
time, once you start watching
YouTube shorts, Instagram reels
etc, you don’t feel like stopping.
 DIFFERENT CONNECTION METHOD
• WIRED TECHNOLOGY
• uses physical wiring to connect devices such as twisted pair, coaxial
cable and fiber optic cable.

• WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
• designed to connect devices without wiring. These devices use radio
waves or infrared signals as a transmission medium.
 WIRED TECHNOLOGIES
• Twisted-Pair Wire - This is the most
widely used medium for
telecommunication. Twisted pair
cables are quite literally a pair of
insulated wires that are twisted
together to help reduce noise from
outside sources. The use of two wires
twisted together helps to reduce
crosstalk and electromagnetic
induction.
 What is crosstalk?
Crosstalk is a disturbance caused by the electric or magnetic
fields of one telecommunication signal affecting a signal in an
adjacent circuit. The term is also applied to optical signals that
interfere with each other.

• Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can reduce signal strength
or corrupt it altogether.
 WIRED TECHNOLOGIES
• Coaxial Cable
• is commonly used by cable operators,
telephone companies, and internet
providers around the world to convey
data, video, and voice
communications
• The cables consist of copper or
aluminum wire wrapped with
insulating layer typically of a flexible
material with a high dielectric
constant, all of which are surrounded
by a conductive layer. The layers of
insulation help minimize interference
and distortion.
Coaxial cable with
BNC connector
 WIRED TECHNOLOGY
• Fiber Optics – These cables
consist of one or more thin
filaments of glass fiber wrapped in
a protective layer. It transmits
light which can travel over long
distance and higher bandwidths
 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
• Terrestrial Microwave –
Terrestrial microwaves use Earth-
based transmitter and receiver.
The equipment look like satellite
dish. Terrestrial microwaves use
low-gigahertz range, which limits
all communications to line-of-
sight. Path between relay stations
spaced approx. 30 miles apart.
• Microwave antennas are usually
placed on top of buildings, towers,
hills, and mountain peaks.
 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY cont..
• Communications Satellites – The
satellites use microwave radio as
their telecommunications medium
which are not deflected by the
Earth's atmosphere. The satellites
are stationed in space, typically
22,000 miles above the equator.
 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY cont..
• Cellular and PCS (Personal
Communication Service) Systems –
Use several radio communications
technologies. The systems are
divided to different geographic
area. Each area has low-power
transmitter or radio relay antenna
device to relay calls from one area
to the next area.
 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY cont..
• Wireless LANs – Wireless local
area network use a high-frequency
radio technology similar to digital
cellular and a low-frequency radio
technology. Wireless LANS use
spread spectrum technology to
enable communication between
multiple devices in a limited area.
 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY cont..
• Bluetooth – A short range wireless
technology. Operate at approx. 1Mbps
with range from 10 to 100 meters.
Bluetooth is an open wireless protocol for
data exchange over short distances.