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net/publication/259829442
Carcione, J. M., 2007, Wave Fields in Real Media. Theory and numerical
simulation of wave propagation in anisotropic, anelastic, porous and
electromagnetic media, Elsevier. (Second...
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vii
viii CONTENTS
2 Viscoelasticity and wave propagation 45
2.1 Energy densities and stress-strain relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.1.1 Fading memory and symmetries of the relaxation tensor . . . . . . 48
2.2 Stress-strain relation for 1-D viscoelastic media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.2.1 Complex modulus and storage and loss moduli . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.2.2 Energy and signi cance of the storage and loss moduli . . . . . . . 51
2.2.3 Non-negative work requirements and other conditions . . . . . . . . 51
2.2.4 Consequences of reality and causality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.2.5 Summary of the main properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Relaxation function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Complex modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.3 Wave propagation concepts for 1-D viscoelastic media . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.4 Mechanical models and wave propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.4.1 Maxwell model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.4.2 Kelvin-Voigt model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.4.3 Zener or standard linear solid model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2.4.4 Generalized Zener model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Nearly constant Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.4.5 Nearly constant-Q model with a continuous spectrum . . . . . . . . 73
2.5 Constant-Q model and wave equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
2.5.1 Phase velocity and attenuation factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
2.5.2 Wave equation in di erential form. Fractional derivatives. . . . . . 75
Propagation in Pierre shale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
2.6 Memory variables and equation of motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2.6.1 Maxwell model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2.6.2 Kelvin-Voigt model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2.6.3 Zener model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2.6.4 Generalized Zener model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3 Isotropic anelastic media 83
3.1 Stress-strain relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.2 Equations of motion and dispersion relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.3 Vector plane waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.3.1 Slowness, phase velocity and attenuation factor . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.3.2 Particle motion of the P wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3.3.3 Particle motion of the S waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
3.3.4 Polarization and orthogonality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.4 Energy balance, energy velocity and quality factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
3.4.1 P wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
3.4.2 S waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.5 Boundary conditions and Snell's law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.6 The correspondence principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.7 Rayleigh waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.7.1 Dispersion relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.7.2 Displacement eld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3.7.3 Phase velocity and attenuation factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
CONTENTS ix