a.

∑ 𝑝𝑁 (𝑛) = 1

c+4c+9c+16c+25c=1

c=1/55

b.
0, 𝑛<1
𝑐, 1 ≤ 𝑛 < 2
5𝑐, 2≤𝑛<3
𝐹𝑁 (𝑛) =
14𝑐, 3≤𝑛<4
30𝑐, 4 ≤ 𝑛 < 5
{1 𝑛≥5
c.

𝐸 [𝑁] = ∑ 𝑛𝑝𝑁 (𝑛) = 1𝑐 + 2 ∗ 4𝑐 + 3 ∗ 9𝑐 + 4 ∗ 16𝑐 + 5 ∗ 25𝑐

𝐸 [𝑁 2 ] = ∑ 𝑛2 𝑝𝑁 (𝑛) = 1𝑐 + 4 ∗ 4𝑐 + 9 ∗ 9𝑐 + 16 ∗ 16𝑐 + 25 ∗ 25𝑐

𝑉𝑎𝑟[𝑁] = 𝐸 [𝑁 2 ] − (𝐸[𝑁])2
d. P[C]=P[at least one packet is received correctly|n=1]P[n=1]+ P[at least one packet is received
correctly|n=2]P[n=2]+ P[at least one packet is received correctly|n=3]P[n=3]+ P[at least one packet is
received correctly|n=4]P[n=4]+ P[at least one packet is received correctly|n=5]P[n=5]=p*c+(1-
(1 − 𝑝)2 )*4c+(1-(1 − 𝑝)3 )*9c+(1-(1 − 𝑝)4 )*16c+(1-(1 − 𝑝)5 )*25c

e. T=2N, E[T]=2*E[N]
5
f. 𝑝𝐾 (𝑘) = 𝑃[𝐾 = 𝑘] = ( ) 𝑃 [𝐶 ]𝑘 (1 − 𝑃[𝐶])5−𝑘
𝑘

a. 𝑆𝑌 = {1,2,3}
3
𝑃[𝑌 = 1] =
5
2 3
𝑃[𝑌 = 2] = ∗
5 4
2 1 3
𝑃 [𝑌 = 3] = ∗ ∗
5 4 3
b.
 0, 𝑦<1
3
, 1≤𝑦<2
𝐹𝑌 (𝑦) = 5
3 3
+ , 2≤𝑦<3
5 10
{ 1 𝑦>3
3 3 1
c. 𝐸 [𝑌] = ∑𝑦 𝑦𝑝𝑌 (𝑦) = 1 ∗ + 2 ∗ +3∗
5 10 10

3 3 1
𝐸 [𝑌 2 ] = ∑ 𝑦 2 𝑝𝑌 (𝑦) = 1 ∗ +4∗ +9∗
5 10 10
𝑦

𝑉𝐴𝑅 [𝑌] = 𝐸 [𝑌 2 ] − (𝐸[𝑌])2

d. Z=1+3*(Y-1)=3Y-2

E[Z]=3E[Y]-2

VAR[Z]=9VAR[Y]

∞
a. ∫−∞ 𝑓𝑋 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 1
2
∫ 𝑐𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 1
0

𝑐 3 2
𝑥 + 𝑥2 | = 1
3 0
8c/3+4=1

8c/3=-3

C=-9/8
𝑥
b. 𝐹𝑋 (𝑥) = ∫−∞ 𝑓𝑋 (𝑢)𝑑𝑢

𝐹𝑋 (𝑥) = 0, 𝑥 < 0
𝑥 𝑐
𝐹𝑋 (𝑥) = ∫0 𝑐𝑢2 + 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 , 0<x<2
3

𝐹𝑋 (𝑥) = 1, 𝑥 > 2

∞ 2 𝑐 2 2
c. 𝐸 [𝑋] = ∫−∞ 𝑥𝑓𝑋 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑐𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 | = 4𝑐 + 16/3
4 3 0
∞ 2
𝑐 5 2 4 2
𝐸 [𝑋 2 ] = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑋 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 | = 32𝑐/5 + 8
−∞ 0 5 4 0

𝑉𝑎𝑟[𝑋] = 𝐸 [𝑋 2 ] − (𝐸[𝑋])2
∞ 1 2 𝑐 2
d. 𝐸 [𝑍] = ∫−∞ 𝑓𝑋 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑐𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 | = 2𝑐 + 4
𝑥 2 0
∞ 2
1 2
𝐸 [𝑍 2 ] = ∫ 𝑓
2 𝑋
(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐 + 2/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑥 + 2𝑙𝑛𝑥 | = 2𝑐 + 2𝑙𝑛2
−∞ 𝑥 0 0

𝑉𝑎𝑟[𝑍] = 𝐸 [𝑍 2 ] − (𝐸[𝑍])2
1 1 𝑐
e. P[-1/2<X<1/2]=𝐹𝑋 ( ) − 𝐹𝑋 (− )= (1/2)3 + (1/2)2 − 0
2 2 3

f. Y=1000X

E[Y]=1000E[X]

VAR[Y]=1000000VAR[X]
(a) P[LH0]+P[BH0]=0.2

P[BH0]=0.1

P[LH0]+P[LH1]+P[LH2]=0.6

P[LH1]=0.4

P[BH0]+P[BH1]+P[BH2]=0.4

P[BH1]=0.1

(b) event E: a call with at least one handoffs

P[E|Brief call]=P[E ∩ Brief call]/P[Brief call]=0.3/0.4=3/4

{E ∩ Brief call}={BH1,BH2}, P[E ∩ Brief call]=P[BH1]+P[BH2]=0.3

P[A]=0.9

d. B={LH0, LH1, LH2}

D={LH0, LH1, BH0, BH1}

B∩D is not empty, they are not mutually exclusive

B∪D is not the sample space, they are not collectively exhausive

P[B]=0.6

P[D]=0.7

P[B∩D]=P[LH0]+P[LH1]=0.5

P[B∩D]≠P[B]*P[D] they are not independent