RIS for Site no.

2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Ramsar Information Sheet

Published on 16 October 2020

India
Kabartal Wetland

Designation date 21 July 2020

Site number 2436
Coordinates 25°37'05"N 86°08'22"E
Area 2 620,00 ha

https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2436
Created by RSIS V.1.6 on - 16 October 2020
 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Color codes
Fields back-shaded in light blue relate to data and information required only for RIS updates.
Note that some fields concerning aspects of Part 3, the Ecological Character Description of the RIS (tinted in purple), are not expected to be
completed as part of a standard RIS, but are included for completeness so as to provide the requested consistency between the RIS and the
format of a ‘full’ Ecological Character Description, as adopted in Resolution X.15 (2008). If a Contracting Party does have information available
that is relevant to these fields (for example from a national format Ecological Character Description) it may, if it wishes to, include information in
these additional fields.

1 - Summary
Summary
Kabartal is a part of an extensive floodplain wetland complex formed in the lower reaches of Gandak – Kosi interfan in North Bihar. Located at a
distance of 21 km from Begusarai town, Kabartal is the largest of a series of shallow permanent as well as intermittently inundated wetlands
formed in the depression between River Burhi Gandak and paleochannel of River Bagmati. Exchange of water, sediment, and species with the
flood pulses of the Burhi Gandak (and Kosi prior to 50s) support highly productive fisheries and agriculture sustaining livelihoods of nearly
15,000 households living in 17 villages in and around the wetland. Kabartal also plays an important role in the hydrography of the region by
accommodating a significant proportion of rainfall and bankflows of River Gandak protecting the adjoining settlements from flood risk as well as
recharging groundwater. The wetland teems with waterbirds in the winters, and is one of the important congregation areas in North Bihar,
particularly for migrating ducks and coots. Over 200 bird species have been recorded at Kabartal, of which 58 are migratory waterbirds.
Besides birds, recorded biodiversity at Kabartal includes 165 plant species: 44 Phytoplankton and 46 Macrophyte species girdled and
interspersed with patches of 75 terrestrial species. In addition to that, there are 394 animal species: 70 zooplankton, 17 molluscs, 39 insects,
35 fish, 7 amphibians, 5 reptile, and 221 bird species, several of which are vulnerable, rare and endangered. Kabartal is also an important
source of animal fodder. The island of Jaimangalgarh located near the southern boundary of the wetland is revered as a site of religious and
cultural significance.

Summary, S1 - Page 1
 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

2 - Data & location

2.1 - Formal data
2.1.1 - Name and address of the compiler of this RIS
Responsible compiler
Institution/agency Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (Environment,Climate Change and Wetland)
Aranya Bhawan
Postal address Riding Road
Patna
Bihar
National Ramsar Administrative Authority
Institution/agency Wetlands International South Asia
Director
Wetlands International South Asia
Postal address A 25, 1-2 Floor, Defence Colony
New Delhi 110024
India

2.1.2 - Period of collection of data and information used to compile the RIS
From year 2015
To year 2020

2.1.3 - Name of the Ramsar Site

Official name (in English, French or
Spanish)
Kabartal Wetland

Unofficial name (optional) Kanwar jheel

2.2 - Site location

2.2.1 - Defining the Site boundaries
b) Digital map/image
<1 file(s) uploaded>
Former maps 0
Boundaries description
Boundaries represent the area where maximum inundation is achieved during post-monsoon season. River Burhi Gandak meanders on the
western and southern margins of the wetland complex. Western margin of the wetland is formed by Nagri Jheel and Bikrampur Chaur located in
the vicinity of Basahi village. A drainage channel connects these two waterbodies into Guabari Chaur located near Sakarbasa village. The
island of Jaimangalgarh is located in the southern part of the wetland. The southern tip is marked by the Chhoti and Badi Patiya chaur, two
waterbodies near Pahsara village. There are 14 waterbodies located mostly on northern, eastern and southern fringes of Kabartal, which
connect to the wetland system during periods of high flows, but appear as distinct bodies in lean seasons. Majhaul town is the largest settlement
around the wetland and is located in the south. Jaimangalgarh island can be accessed through a road extending to Majhaul town. A 12 km long
channel connects the wetland from Jaimangalgarh to Bagras maun, which finally drains into Burhi Gandak at Bagras village.

2.2.2 - General location

a) In which large administrative region does
the site lie?
The wetland is situated in Begusarai district in the state of Bihar

b) What is the nearest town or population

centre?
Majhaul

2.2.3 - For wetlands on national boundaries only

a) Does the wetland extend onto the territory of one or more other
Yes No
countries?
b) Is the site adjacent to another designated Ramsar Site on the
Yes No
territory of another Contracting Party?

2.2.4 - Area of the Site

Data & location, S2 - Page 1

 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Official area, in hectares (ha): 2620

Area, in hectares (ha) as calculated from
GIS boundaries
2621.935

2.2.5 - Biogeography
Biogeographic regions
Regionalisation scheme(s) Biogeographic region
Freshwater Ecoregions of Indo-gangetic plains
the World (FEOW)

Data & location, S2 - Page 2

 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

3 - Why is the Site important?

3.1 - Ramsar Criteria and their justification
Criterion 1: Representative, rare or unique natural or near-natural wetland types
Kabartal wetland is representative of an extensive floodplain wetland regime formed in the Indo-Gangetic
plains by the complex fluvial processes of the tributaries of River Ganges. Locally known as maun, chaur,
and taal, these wetlands are critical for water security through their role in groundwater recharge and flood
protection. With over 70% of the Bihar state receiving flood inundation, which causes massive destruction
of life and property, water storage within the wetlands acts as an important buffer for flood protection. With
Hydrological services provided
over 80 – 90% of the river runoff confined to only four monsoon months, the ability of the wetland to store
water and regulate overall hydrological regimes is important for securing water availability in the region.
Hydrological connectivity has a great influence on wetland biodiversity. Nutrient enrichment and
connectivity with riverine environments make these ecosystems important breeding and nursing grounds
of fish.
The rich fisheries and agriculture in the wetland system are the main source of livelihoods of 15,000
households of 17 villages in and around the wetland who are engaged in harvesting fish, bivalves, and
aquatic plants for use as food and fodder, and fuelwood. Several of these wetlands also constitute
Other ecosystem services provided
important stopovers for migratory waterbirds in the Central Asian Flyway. The wetland is also a source of
Wild rice (Desaria – a variety of deepwater rice), makahana (Euryale ferox), singada (Trapa natans),
Kamal (Nelumbo nucifera), Crab (Paratelphusa spinigera) and edible mollusc (Pila globosa). The
Jaimangal temple and the Jaimangal fort on the bank of the Kabartal are known for their historical,
cultural, and significance importance.

Criterion 2 : Rare species and threatened ecological communities

Criterion 3 : Biological diversity

Kabartal Wetland teems with waterbirds in the winters, and is visited by over 59 species during their
annual migration cycle. Besides it also supports 106 resident birds. Recorded biodiversity of the wetland
Justification also includes 35 fish species, 75 terrestrial plants, 46 macrophyte, 44 phytoplankton, 70 zooplankton, 17
benthos, 39 insects, 7 amphibians, 5 reptiles and 5 mammals species, several of high conservation
significance.

Criterion 4 : Support during critical life cycle stage or in adverse conditions

Criterion 7 : Significant and representative fish

Riverine connectivity plays a critical role in structuring the fish biodiversity of Kabartal wetland. Of the 50
species reported, 26 species mainly belong to Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Beloniformes, Channiformes,
Perciformes, and Mastacembeliformes. Zoological Survey of India records the presence of 35 species
Justification throughout the year and an additional 15 when the river connects to the wetland in times of flood. Records
indicate a gradual increase in air breathing species (Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Anabas
testudineus); catfishes (Wallago attu, Mystus sp.) and forage fishes. Indian major carps like Labeo rohita,
Catla catla are also found in the wetland.

Criterion 8 : Fish spawning grounds, etc.

Wetland serves as a breeding ground for vulnerable species like Wallago Attu.
Justification

Why is the Site important?, S3 - Page 1

 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

3.2 - Plant species whose presence relates to the international importance of the site

<no data available>

3.3 - Animal species whose presence relates to the international importance of the site
Species Species
qualifies contributes % IUCN CITES CMS
Pop.
Phylum Scientific name Common name under under Period of pop. Est. occurrence Red Appendix Appendix Other Status Justification
criterion criterion Size 1) List I I
2 4 6 9 3 5 7 8
Fish, Mollusc and Crustacea
CHORDATA / Anabas Climbing perch; Indigenous air breathing species found in Indo-Gangetic
ACTINOPTERYGII testudineus Climbingperch; LC floodplains. Species is widely distributed in Asia.
Gourami
CHORDATA / spotted Native to Indian subcontinent, species contributes to biodiversity
ACTINOPTERYGII Channa punctata snakehead LC of the site.

Albino walking
fish; Clarias
catfish; Climbing
perch; Freshwater Freshwater, air breathing catfish species, native to Asia.
CHORDATA / Clarias batrachus catfish; Magur; LC Wetland provides habitat to the species. India is a part of its
ACTINOPTERYGII Philippine catfish; range countries.
Thai hito; Thailand
catfish; Toyman's
spotted catfish;
Walking catfish
CHORDATA / Catla; Catla catla; Indian major carp species that contributes to biodiversity of the
ACTINOPTERYGII Gibelion catla Major carp; Pla kra LC site. Species is endemic to the region.
ho; Theila
Indo-riverine wetland species that is also used in polyculture.
CHORDATA / Labeo rohita Roho labeo; LC Species is widely distributed in tropical freshwater in Indian
ACTINOPTERYGII Rohu; Ruee Subcontinent.

Asiatic knifefish;
Bronze
CHORDATA / Notopterus featherback; Wetland provides habitat to the species, native to South and
Common knife LC South East Asia.
ACTINOPTERYGII notopterus
fish; Feather back;
Grey featherback

CHORDATA / Wetland provides breeding grounds to the species, native to

ACTINOPTERYGII Wallago attu wallago catfish VU South and South East Asia.

Birds
CHORDATA / Anas acuta Northern Pintail LC Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Anas clypeata Northern Shoveler LC Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Anas penelope Eurasian Wigeon LC Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Anas querquedula Garganey LC Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Anas strepera Gadwall LC Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Anastomus Asian Openbill LC Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES oscitans

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 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Species Species
qualifies contributes % IUCN CITES CMS
Pop.
Phylum Scientific name Common name under under
Size Period of pop. Est. occurrence Red Appendix Appendix Other Status Justification
criterion criterion 1) List I I
2 4 6 9 3 5 7 8
CHORDATA / Anhinga Darter; Oriental NT Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES melanogaster Darter
CHORDATA / Anser anser Greylag Goose LC Wetland provides a wintering site for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Anser indicus Bar-headed LC Wetland provides a wintering site for the species.
AVES Goose
CHORDATA / Aquila clanga
Greater Spotted VU Wetland acts as a wintering site for the species.
AVES Eagle
CHORDATA / Aythya baeri Baer's Pochard CR Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Aythya ferina Common Pochard VU Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck LC Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck NT Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Ciconia episcopus Woolly-necked VU Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES Stork
CHORDATA / Circus Western Marsh LC Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES aeruginosus Harrier
CHORDATA / Ephippiorhynchus Black-necked NT Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES asiaticus Stork
CHORDATA / Falco cherrug Saker Falcon EN Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Wetland is the major congregation site in the entire Indo-
AVES Fulica atra Eurasian Coot LC Gangetic plains for these species

CHORDATA / Gyps bengalensis White-rumped CR Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES Vulture
CHORDATA / Gyps indicus Indian Vulture CR Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Haliaeetus Pallas's Fish Wetland provides habitat for the species.
leucoryphus Eagle EN
AVES
CHORDATA / Leptoptilos dubius Greater Adjutant EN Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Leptoptilos
Lesser Adjutant VU
AVES javanicus
CHORDATA / Mycteria Painted Stork NT Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES leucocephala
CHORDATA / Neophron Egyptian Vulture EN Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES percnopterus
CHORDATA / Netta rufina Red-crested LC Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES Pochard
CHORDATA / Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew NT Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian Pelican NT Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES
CHORDATA / European Golden
Pluvialis apricaria Plover; European LC Wetland is a wintering site for the species.
AVES
Golden-Plover
CHORDATA / Sarcogyps calvus Red-headed CR Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES Vulture

Why is the Site important?, S3 - Page 3

 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Species Species
qualifies contributes % IUCN CITES CMS
Pop.
Phylum Scientific name Common name under under
Size Period of pop. Est. occurrence Red Appendix Appendix Other Status Justification
criterion criterion 1) List I I
2 4 6 9 3 5 7 8
CHORDATA / Tachybaptus Little Grebe LC Wetland provides habitat to the species.
AVES ruficollis
CHORDATA / Tadorna Ruddy Shelduck LC Wetland provides a wintering site for the species.
AVES ferruginea
CHORDATA / Vanellus Sociable Lapwing CR Wetland provides habitat for the species.
AVES gregarius

1) Percentage of the total biogeographic population at the site

3.4 - Ecological communities whose presence relates to the international importance of the site
<no data available>

Why is the Site important?, S3 - Page 4

 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

4 - What is the Site like? (Ecological character description)

4.1 - Ecological character
Kabartal is the largest of a complex of 18 interconnected wetlands formed in the lower reaches of River Burhi Gandak. The wetland and its
surroundings have a mosaic of landforms including open water, marshes, plantations, agricultural lands, and interspersed settlements. The
entire complex gets inundated with the monsoon to a maximum depth of 1.5 m. The eastern part maintains open water and marsh areas almost
round the year, whereas in the rest of the Site, dried out marsh areas are cultivated. Kabartal is a shallow, alkaline, nutrient-rich freshwater
wetland. Hydrological and ecological connectivity between the river channel, riparian zone, and floodplains underpin the high biological diversity
and habitat heterogeneity found in Kabartal. Floods and flood pulses connect the various lotic and lentic environments facilitating the exchange
of matter, species, and energy. With the onset of monsoon, high inundation with nutrient flux favours the growth of submerged and floating
vegetation. The dominance shifts in favour of floating vegetation as water recedes and lotic pockets emerge in the wetland. The peripheral
marshes are dominated by emergent macrophytes in the post-monsoon and winter season. This also favours the growth of benthic organisms,
which are important food sources for migrating water birds. The wetland is located in a rural agrarian setting and surrounded by 23 villages, 10
of which are located within the Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary boundary. Fishers and farmers are the major groups inhabiting these villages.
While farmers engage mostly in agriculture within and outside the wetland area, fishers have diversified into a range of activities including wage
labour, small and marginal farming, and running petty businesses.

4.2 - What wetland type(s) are in the site?

Inland wetlands
Wetland types (code and Local name Ranking of extent (1: greatest - 4: least) Area (ha) Justification of Criterion 1
name) of wetland type
Fresh water > Marshes on
inorganic 1 2620 Representative
soils >> W: Shrub-
dominated wetlands

Human-made wetlands
Wetland types (code and Local name Ranking of extent (1: greatest - 4: least) Area (ha)
name) of wetland type
2: Ponds mauns 2

Monsoon inundations connect the wetland to the riverine environment of Burhi Gandak as well as the
(ECD) Habitat connectivity adjacent waterbodies, leading to exchange of water, nutrients and species. This connectivity is critical
especially for fish and vegetation.

4.3 - Biological components

4.3.1 - Plant species
Other noteworthy plant species
Scientific name Common name Position in range / endemism / other
Submerged perennial macrophyte
known to oxygenate water, provide
Hornwort food for aquatic herbivores and
Ceratophyllum demersum filters heavy metals. Plant has
medicinal properties.

Native to tropical areas, the species

Taro is widely used as fodder and food
Colocasia esculenta plant

Prickly water lily Species are food source to many

Euryale ferox herbivores

Water Thyme Provides food for a number of

Hydrilla verticillata aquatic birds

Common duckweed Source of food for fish and waterfowl

Lemna minor

Sacred lotus Source of food

Nelumbo nucifera

water lily Act as food source and provides

Nymphaea nouchali shelter to aquatic species

Native to sub-tropical region,

Water chestnut species is used as a source of food
Trapa natans by humans;foraging by fish and
birds

Invasive alien plant species

What is the Site like?, S4 - Page 1

 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Scientific name Common name Impacts

water hyacinth Actual (major impacts) No change
Eichhornia crassipes

Tall reed Potential No change

Phragmites karka

4.3.2 - Animal species

<no data available>

4.4 - Physical components

4.4.1 - Climate
Climatic region Subregion
C: Moist Mid-Latitude Cwa: Humid subtropical
climate with mild winters (Mild with dry winter, hot
summer)

The inundation pattern of Kabartal is closely related to rainfall and inundations received from the Burhi Gandak River. Since 2005 the Begusarai
District has been experiencing high variability, particularly deficits in rainfall as compared to seasonal averages. An analysis of total rainfall in
the district for the period 2004-2012 indicates that the total rainfall exceeded the average only for two years, 2007 and 2008. Significant deficits
were also observed for the months of May, August, and September. This period has also corresponded with a rapid decrease in areas under
inundation. The communities have increased groundwater extraction to meet water deficits for agriculture and fisheries. Further research is
required to establish the extent to which the variability in monsoon is related to changing climate.

4.4.2 - Geomorphic setting

a) Minimum elevation above sea level (in
metres)
27

a) Maximum elevation above sea level (in

metres)
45

Entire river basin

Upper part of river basin
Middle part of river basin
Lower part of river basin
More than one river basin
Not in river basin
Coastal
Please name the river basin or basins. If the site lies in a sub-basin, please also name the larger river basin. For a coastal/marine site, please name the sea or ocean.
Kabartal wetland falls within Burhi Gandak sub-basin of the Ganges River Basin.

4.4.3 - Soil
Mineral
Organic
No available information
Are soil types subject to change as a result of changing hydrological
Yes No
conditions (e.g., increased salinity or acidification)?
Please provide further information on the soil (optional)
The Indo-Gangetic plains are mostly comprised of primarily unaltered alluvium and texturally vary from sandy loam to loam in the meander scroll
and levee areas, to silty loam and silt in flood basin areas and from loam in the levees of Ganga to clayey loam and clay in the basin of Burhi
Gandak and River Bagmati. Lake sediment assessments in 1989-91 indicated loamy nature rich in humus

4.4.4 - Water regime

Water permanence
Presence?
Usually seasonal,
ephemeral or intermittent No change
water present

Source of water that maintains character of the site

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 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Presence? Predominant water source

Water inputs from No change
precipitation
Water inputs from No change
groundwater
Water inputs from surface No change
water

Water destination
Presence?
Feeds groundwater No change

Stability of water regime

Presence?
Water levels fluctuating No change
(including tidal)

Please add any comments on the water regime and its determinants (if relevant). Use this box to explain sites with complex hydrology:
The water regimes of Kabartal are governed largely by bank inundations received from River Burhi Gandak and rainfall. During peak rainfall, the
water extends to the entire wetland complex, connecting different chaur (marshy depressions) and maun (ox-bow lake) areas. However, as the
monsoon recedes, the inundation area rapidly shrinks to less than 600 ha, exposing large areas used for agriculture and part maintained as
grasslands. In recent times, lower rainfall has promoted the communities to extract water from shallow to deep bore wells to irrigate agricultural
fields, as well as water for aquaculture.
(ECD) Connectivity of surface waters and of Groundwater quality assessments done for the wetland region have indicated high conductivity, alkalinity
groundwater and hardness. Several upstream and downstream areas have also reported high fluoride.
(ECD) Stratification and mixing regime Not relevant for Kabartal, as it is a shallow ecosystem.

4.4.5 - Sediment regime

Significant erosion of sediments occurs on the site
Significant accretion or deposition of sediments occurs on the site
Significant transportation of sediments occurs on or through the site
Sediment regime is highly variable, either seasonally or inter-annually
Sediment regime unknown
Please provide further information on sediment (optional):
Bank inundations have a significant influence on sedimentation within Kabartal and associated waterbodies. Assessment of chemical quality of
sediment in 1989-91 indicated a high concentration of organic carbon (2.5-17.94%) and high conductivity (248-820 µmho/cm) indicating high
mineral content. The soil is slightly acidic (5.0-6.5) mainly due to humus. Higher concentrations of available nitrate (1.42-1.51 g/100 gm) and
available phosphorus (3.6-7.0g/100gm) indicate the higher trophic status of the bottom sediments.
(ECD) Water turbidity and colour Wetland water has blue-green colour primarily due to suspended & particulate organic matter, (phyto and
zoo) planktons
(ECD) Light - reaching wetland Transparency was observed to be low (0.1 m) during monsoon and upto 3.4 m during summer
(ECD) Water temperature Water temperature ranges between 18 °C in winters to 31° C in summers

4.4.6 - Water pH
Acid (pH<5.5)
Circumneutral (pH: 5.5-7.4 )
Alkaline (pH>7.4)
Unknown

4.4.7 - Water salinity

Fresh (<0.5 g/l)
Mixohaline (brackish)/Mixosaline (0.5-30 g/l)
Euhaline/Eusaline (30-40 g/l)
Hyperhaline/Hypersaline (>40 g/l)
Unknown
Please provide further information on salinity (optional):
Surface water of Kabartal wetland is fresh. However, high chloride content has been reported from shallow aquifers.

4.4.8 - Dissolved or suspended nutrients in water

What is the Site like?, S4 - Page 3

 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
Dystrophic
Unknown
Please provide further information on dissolved or suspended nutrients (optional):
Assessments in 1989-91, 1996 and 2000-01 indicated increasing concentration of nitrate-nitrogen ( traces - 0.83 in 1989-91 to 0.3 - 1.3 mg/l
during 1996) and phosphate phosphorus (traces - 0.8 during 1989-91 to 0.6 - 1.6 mg/l during 2000-01).
(ECD) Water conductivity High conductivity ranging from 108 - 554 µmho/cm in 1989-91 to 230 - 456 µmho/cm during 2000-01

4.4.9 - Features of the surrounding area which may affect the Site
Please describe whether, and if so how, the landscape and ecological
characteristics in the area surrounding the Ramsar Site differ from the i) broadly similar ii) significantly different
site itself:
Surrounding area has greater urbanisation or development
Surrounding area has higher human population density
Surrounding area has more intensive agricultural use
Surrounding area has significantly different land cover or habitat types
Please describe other ways in which the surrounding area is different:
Kabartal is located within an agrarian landscape, with paddy, maize, and sugarcane as the major crops. There are 23 villages located around
the complex, which directly or indirectly depend on the wetland resources for sustenance. Embankments have been constructed along the river
channel of Burhi Gandak, which has a significant influence on water and sediment exchange with the wetland complex.

4.5 - Ecosystem services

4.5.1 - Ecosystem services/benefits
Provisioning Services
Ecosystem service Examples Importance/Extent/Significance
Food for humans Sustenance for humans High
(e.g., fish, molluscs, grains)
Fresh water Drinking water for humans Low
and/or livestock
Wetland non-food products Fuel wood/fibre High
Wetland non-food products Reeds and fibre Medium
Wetland non-food products Livestock fodder Medium
Genetic materials Medicinal products Low
Genes for tolerance to
Genetic materials certain conditions (e.g., Medium
salinity)
Genetic materials Ornamental species (live Low
and dead)

Regulating Services
Ecosystem service Examples Importance/Extent/Significance
Maintenance of hydrological Groundwater recharge and High
regimes discharge
Erosion protection Soil, sediment and nutrient High
retention
Pollution control and Water purification/waste Low
detoxification treatment or dilution
Local climate
Climate regulation regulation/buffering of High
change
Biological control of pests Support of predators of
and disease agricultural pests (e.g., Medium
birds feeding on locusts)
Hazard reduction Flood control, flood storage High

Cultural Services

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 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Ecosystem service Examples Importance/Extent/Significance

Recreation and tourism Picnics, outings, touring Medium
Recreation and tourism Nature observation and Low
nature-based tourism
Spiritual and inspirational Inspiration High
Spiritual and inspirational Cultural heritage (historical High
and archaeological)
Contemporary cultural
significance, including for
Spiritual and inspirational arts and creative High
inspiration, and including
existence values
Spiritual and inspirational Spiritual and religious High
values
Spiritual and inspirational Aesthetic and sense of High
place values
Scientific and educational Educational activities and Medium
opportunities
Important knowledge
Scientific and educational systems, importance for High
research (scientific
reference area or site)
Scientific and educational Long-term monitoring site High
Scientific and educational Major scientific study site High

Supporting Services
Ecosystem service Examples Importance/Extent/Significance
Supports a variety of all life
forms including plants,
animals and
Biodiversity microorganizms, the genes High
they contain, and the
ecosystems of which they
form a part
Soil formation Sediment retention Medium
Soil formation Accumulation of organic Medium
matter
Storage, recycling,
Nutrient cycling processing and acquisition Medium
of nutrients
Nutrient cycling Carbon Medium
storage/sequestration

Within the site: 28,000

Outside the site: 30,000
Have studies or assessments been made of the economic valuation of
Yes No Unknown
ecosystem services provided by this Ramsar Site?
Where economic studies or assessments of economic valuation have been undertaken at the site, it would be helpful to provide information on where the results of such studies
may be located (e.g. website links, citation of published literature):
An economic valuation of ecosystem services in the context of conversion of agriculture has been carried out as a part of TII (The Economics of
Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity India Initiative)
http://www.indo-germanbiodiversity.com/pdf/publication/publication25-09-2017-1506325 582.pdf

4.5.2 - Social and cultural values

i) the site provides a model of wetland wise use, demonstrating the
application of traditional knowledge and methods of management and
use that maintain the ecological character of the wetland
ii) the site has exceptional cultural traditions or records of former
civilizations that have influenced the ecological character of the wetland
Description if applicable
Jaimanglagarh island is linked with several archeological excavations which date to 4-5th century AD and underline the historical importance of
the site. It is also believed that the site was frequented by Buddhist scholars during 4th century BC. These historical values are one of the
several attributes which are of interest to the local communities and tourists.
iii) the ecological character of the wetland depends on its interaction
with local communities or indigenous peoples
Description if applicable
The ecological character of Kabartal is greatly influenced by inundation regime and linked agriculture – fisheries based livelihood systems. The
harvest of macrophytes helps keep the overall invasiveness in check. Similarly, harvest of bivalves and fish constitute an important part of the
nutrient and carbon cycles within the wetland system. Conversely, the state of wetland is influenced by the mechanisms through which
ecosystem services integrate with livelihood capitals. Increased pressure on fisheries and use of destructive gears has impacted fish
populations. Excessive dependence of groundwater for agriculture and aquaculture has implications for water and sediment regimes.
iv) relevant non-material values such as sacred sites are present and
their existence is strongly linked with the maintenance of the ecological
character of the wetland
What is the Site like?, S4 - Page 5
 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Description if applicable
The island of Jaimangalgarh houses a historic temple of local deity, Goddess Durga which is highly revered by the communities living in and
around. Every year, the temple attracts local pilgrims on the eve of festivals as Dusshera.

4.6 - Ecological processes

(ECD) Notable aspects concerning migration Inundation plays an important role in migration of fish from riverine environment to the wetland system,
however, specific assessments need to be carried out.
(ECD) Pressures and trends concerning any
Inundation patterns of Kabartal have drastically changed over the years, with a large part remaining dry
of the above, and/or concerning ecosystem
integrity
and used for agriculture. It affected habitat of fish, aquatic flora and avifauna.

What is the Site like?, S4 - Page 6

 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

5 - How is the Site managed? (Conservation and management)

5.1 - Land tenure and responsibilities (Managers)
5.1.1 - Land tenure/ownership
Public ownership
Category Within the Ramsar Site In the surrounding area
Local authority,
municipality, (sub)district,
etc.
Public land (unspecified)

Private ownership
Category Within the Ramsar Site In the surrounding area
Other types of
private/individual owner(s)

Provide further information on the land tenure / ownership regime (optional):

A major portion of Kabartal wetland was under private ownership and used traditionally for agriculture and fisheries. Capture fishing within the
inundated areas was traditionally done by fishers based on British period judgment dated August 1895. the canal was constructed to reclaim
waterlogged areas for agriculture. Embankment breaches in 1987, 2004, and 2007 also brought in extensive amounts of silt into the Kabartal
wetland complex further changing the inundation regime and increasing fishing-related conflicts. In 1986, the government declared a major
portion of the wetland as a protected area under section 37 of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The wetland area was declared as a
closed area under the name “Kanwar Lake Pakshi Vihar” in 1987. Further, in 1989, an area of 6311.63 ha (lying within 9 villages) was declared
as a Bird Sanctuary.

5.1.2 - Management authority

Please list the local office / offices of any

Conservator of Forest Muzaffarpur Circle
agency or organization responsible for
Department of Environment and Forests
Aranya Vihar, Gandak Colony, Shirpur, Post Office –MIC, Beta
managing the site:
Muzaffarpur, Bihar
Provide the name and/or title of the person
or people with responsibility for the wetland:
SUNIL KUMAR

Conservator of Forest Muzaffarpur Circle

Department of Environment and Forests
Postal address: Aranya Vihar, Gandak Colony, Shirpur, Post Office –MIC, Beta
Muzaffarpur, Bihar

E-mail address: [email protected]

5.2 - Ecological character threats and responses (Management)

5.2.1 - Factors (actual or likely) adversely affecting the Site’s ecological character
Human settlements (non agricultural)
Factors adversely Actual threat Potential threat Within the site In the surrounding area
affecting site
Housing and urban areas Low impact

Water regulation
Factors adversely Actual threat Potential threat Within the site In the surrounding area
affecting site
Drainage High impact
Water abstraction High impact
Canalisation and river High impact
regulation

Agriculture and aquaculture

Factors adversely Actual threat Potential threat Within the site In the surrounding area
affecting site
Annual and perennial non- Medium impact
timber crops
Livestock farming and Medium impact
ranching

Transportation and service corridors

Factors adversely Actual threat Potential threat Within the site In the surrounding area
affecting site
Roads and railroads Low impact

Biological resource use

How is the Site managed?, S5 - Page 1
 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Factors adversely Actual threat Potential threat Within the site In the surrounding area
affecting site
Hunting and collecting Low impact
terrestrial animals

Natural system modifications

Factors adversely Actual threat Potential threat Within the site In the surrounding area
affecting site
Dams and water High impact
management/use
Vegetation clearance/ land Medium impact
conversion

Invasive and other problematic species and genes

Factors adversely Actual threat Potential threat Within the site In the surrounding area
affecting site
Invasive non-native/ alien Medium impact
species

Climate change and severe weather

Factors adversely Actual threat Potential threat Within the site In the surrounding area
affecting site
Droughts Medium impact

5.2.2 - Legal conservation status

National legal designations

Designation type Name of area Online information url Overlap with Ramsar Site
Bird Sanctuary
Kanwar Jheel Pakshi Vihar partly

Non-statutory designations
Designation type Name of area Online information url Overlap with Ramsar Site
Important Bird Area
Kanwar Jheel Pakshi Vihar partly

5.2.3 - IUCN protected areas categories (2008)

Ia Strict Nature Reserve
Ib Wilderness Area: protected area managed mainly for wilderness
protection
II National Park: protected area managed mainly for ecosystem
protection and recreation
III Natural Monument: protected area managed mainly for conservation
of specific natural features
IV Habitat/Species Management Area: protected area managed mainly
for conservation through management intervention
V Protected Landscape/Seascape: protected area managed mainly for
landscape/seascape conservation and recreation
VI Managed Resource Protected Area: protected area managed mainly
for the sustainable use of natural ecosystems

5.2.4 - Key conservation measures

Legal protection
Measures Status
Legal protection Partially implemented

Habitat
Measures Status
Catchment management Partially implemented
initiatives/controls
Improvement of water Proposed
quality
Habitat Proposed
manipulation/enhancement
Hydrology Proposed
management/restoration
Soil management Proposed
Land conversion controls Proposed
Faunal corridors/passage Proposed

How is the Site managed?, S5 - Page 2

 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

Species
Measures Status
Control of invasive alien Proposed
plants

Human Activities
Measures Status
Management of water Proposed
abstraction/takes
Fisheries Proposed
management/regulation
Harvest controls/poaching Proposed
enforcement
Communication, education,
and participation and Partially implemented
awareness activities
Research Partially implemented

5.2.5 - Management planning

Is there a site-specific management plan for the site? Yes
Has a management effectiveness assessment been undertaken for the
Yes No
site?
If the site is a formal transboundary site as indicated in section Data
and location > Site location, are there shared management planning Yes No
processes with another Contracting Party?

URL of site-related webpage (if relevant): http://forest.bih.nic.in

5.2.6 - Planning for restoration

Is there a site-specific restoration plan? No, but a plan is being prepared

5.2.7 - Monitoring implemented or proposed

Monitoring Status
Water quality Proposed
Water regime monitoring Proposed
Soil quality Proposed
Plant community Proposed
Plant species Proposed
Animal community Proposed
Animal species (please Proposed
specify)
Birds Proposed

A hierarchical monitoring plan forms a part of the management planning framework.

How is the Site managed?, S5 - Page 3

 RIS for Site no. 2436, Kabartal Wetland, India

6 - Additional material
6.1 - Additional reports and documents
6.1.1 - Bibliographical references

WISA, 2016. Kanwar Jheel - An Integrated Management Action Plan for Conservation and Wise Use. Technical Report submitted to the World
Bank, New Delhi.
Wetlands International South Asia, New Delhi, India.

Editor-Director, 2002. Fauna of Kabar Lake (Bihar), Wetland Ecosystem Series 4 : 1-134 (Published: Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata)

Ravikant Anand and Rachana Kumari (2020),"Environmental Assessment Of Kabar Tal Wetland: The Asia’s Largest Fresh Water Oxbow
Lake" SIPN VOL-40-ISSUE-3-FEBRUARY-2020

BirdLife International (2020) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Kawar (Kabar) Lake Wildlife Sanctuary.

http://www.indo-germanbiodiversity.com/pdf/publication/publication25-09-2017-150 6325582.pdf

6.1.2 - Additional reports and documents

i. taxonomic lists of plant and animal species occurring in the site (see section 4.3)
<1 file(s) uploaded>
ii. a detailed Ecological Character Description (ECD) (in a national format)
<no file available>
iii. a description of the site in a national or regional wetland inventory
<no file available>
iv. relevant Article 3.2 reports
<no file available>
v. site management plan
<1 file(s) uploaded>
vi. other published literature
<no file available>

6.1.3 - Photograph(s) of the Site

Please provide at least one photograph of the site:
A fisher within Nelumbo A lesser adjutant in Kabartal Fishers at Kabartal (
beds in Kabartal ( Wetlands ( Wetlands International Wetlands International South
International South Asia, 07- South Asia, 07-06-2018 ) Asia, 12-05-2015 )
06-2018 )

6.1.4 - Designation letter and related data

Designation letter
<1 file(s) uploaded>
Date of Designation 2020-07-21

Additional material, S6 - Page 1