PERSONALITY

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PSYC334 Chapter 10

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There is a general agreement among researchers that personal-
ity:

a. is mainly learned b. can be characterized by five basic traits


b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions
c. has an infinite number of possible traits
d. is mainly genetic
Individuals with personality disorders

a. comply with societal expectations


c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society
b. reject societal expectations
c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society
d. have a strong sense of self
personality disorders were once known as:

a. character disorders
a. character disorders
b. identity disorders
c. conduct disorders
d. maladaptive behavioral patterns
unlike disorders like depression and PTSD,

a. personality disorders develop gradually


b. multiple causal events can be identified when a personality
a. personality disorders develop gradually
disorder has developed
c. those with personality disorders experience considerable sub-
jective distress
d. personality disorders are emotional disorders
which statement about personality disorders is accurate

a. the category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems


that vary widely in form and severity
b. the personality disorders are considered situation-specific a. the category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems
problems in behaving that vary widely in form and severity
c. most of the personality disorders are extreme reactions to
stressful life events
d. even the milder cases of personality disorders produce severe
impariments in social and occupational functioning
because they were regarded as being different from standard
psychiatric syndromes, the personality disorders in the DSM-IV
were
c. separated from mood disorders
a. not listed
b. categorized as emotional disorders
c. separated from mood disorders
d. given what is called a "provisional" category
The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders

a. tend to fluctuate over time


b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little
c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptations to new kinds of experiences
adaptations to new kinds of experiences
d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one
kind of disorder to another

According to the DSM-5, which of the following must be true for a


personality disorder diagnosis?
d. the person's behavior problems must cause them distress or
a. the patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control impairment
b. the patient must experience mild irritability
c. signs of psychosis must be present

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d. the person's behavior problems must cause them distress or
impairment.
People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpre-
dictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. he
doest seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps
repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says adam
has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most
likely has: d. a personality disorder

a. a mood disorder
b. an anxiety disorder
c. a dissociative disorder
d. a personality disorder
Misdiagnoses are common when looking at potential personality
disorders because:

a. the diagnostic criteria are objective


b. many of the personality disorders share common features. b. many of the personality disorders share common features
c. most of those in treatment for personality disorders are heavily
medicated
d. it is usually not possible to determine when the problematic
behavior began
since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of
the diagnoses of personality disorders

a. they are rarely used in clinical practice


b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be
b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be
repilicated
replicated by other researchers
c. they are considered by clinicians only as suggestions and do
not have an impairment on treatment decisions
d. very little research or search for treatments is done.
the five-factor model:

a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded


description of the five basic personality dimensions

b. is a model that attempts to explain personality disorders by


a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded
dividing them into five main categories
description of the five basic personality dimensions
c. is a model that explains the causes of personality disorders
by describing the five most important factors that lead to their
development

d. is a five-step model for the treatment of personality disorders.


which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the
causes of personality disorders

a. the high likelihood that an individual with one personality disor-


der may also have another a. the high likelihood that an individual with one personality disor-
b. the availability of only prospective data der may also have another
c. the wealth of biological data available
d. the inability to gather information from the patients themselves,
due to the prevalence of memory disorders among those with
personality

The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of


personality disorders suggests that
d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may
a. all personality disorders have a biological data be inherited
b. learning plays a significant role in the development of person-
ality disorders
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c. the environment does not play a causal role in the development
of mood disorders
d. a susceptability to the development of a personality disorder
may be inherited
The best description of the biological component of personality
disorders is

a. they are directly inherited disorders


b. they have no biological component, they are learned c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to
c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder
developing a personality disorder
d. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the
personality disorders and predisposes people to developing a
personality disorder.
The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are
grouped based on

a. similar etiologies c. symptom or feature similarites


b. level of dysfunction
c. symptom or feature similarities
d. expected prognosis
What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common?

a. Lack of emotional expression


b. oddness or eccentricity
b. oddness or eccentricity
c. clear link to schizophrenia
d. trust in other people
Which of the following is a Cluster B personality Disorder

a. depressive
d. borderline
b. schizoid
c. paranoid
d. borderline
Inidividuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have
personality disorders from

a. cluster A a. Cluster A
b. Cluster B
c. Cluster C
d. proposed diagnostic categories needing further studies
Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She
is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge.
She is most likely diagnosed with _____ Personality disorder.
a. paranoid
a. paranoid
b. histrionic
c. schizoid
d. schizotypal
the best single-word description for the person with paranoid
personality disorder is

a. delusional d. mistrustful
b. impulsive
c. unemotional
d. mistrustful

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with


paranoid personality disorder

a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful

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incident with another person
b. has persistent loss of reality contact.
c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient
friends psychotic symptoms
d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient
psychotic symptoms
which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem
most important in the development of paranoid personality dis-
order
c. antagonism and neuroticism
a. introversion and openness to feelings
b. excitement seeking and neuroticism
c. antagonism andneuroticism
d. fantasy proneness and tough mindedness
sam shows little emotion and is a loner. he has no social rela-
tionships other than his family, and he seems to experience little
pleasure, if any. what personality disorder might sam have?
b. schizoid
a. paranoid
b. schizoid
c. borderline
d. narcisisstic
greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder.
Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely
to enjoy?

a. night time security guard who works alone


a. night time security guard who works alone
b. receptionist at a busy dentist office
c. insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior
has occurred
d. elementary school teacher who works with children with emo-
tional problems
the central problem of schizoid personality disorder is

a. recurrent depression
d. an inability to form attachments to other people
b. a marked disregard for the feelings of others
c. cognitive and perceptual distortions
d. an inability to form attachments to other people
which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem
most important in development of schizoid personality disorder?

a. low agreeableness and high antagonism b. high introversion and low openness to feelings
b. high introversion and low openness to feelings
c. high introversion and low agreeableness
d. low excitement seeking and high fantasy proneness
individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ
significantly in their

a. ability to function c. level of emotionality


b. display of psychotic symptoms
c. level of emotionality
d. likelihood of recovery
a cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes
that the individual with this disorder believes

a. he is basically alone a. he is basically alone


b. few people can be trusted
c. no one can live up to his or her expectations
d. he is misunderstood

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Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by
simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you
that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems
to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just
by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks,
but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't
match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because
he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous c. schizotypal
and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom
is:

a. borderline personality disorder


b. paranoid
c. schizotypal
d. schizoid
which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be
mistaken for schizophrenia?

a. avoidant d. schizotypal
b. borderline
c. schizoid
d. schizotypal
while the individual with ____ personality disorder appears cool
and aloof, the individual with ____ personality disorder is best
described as odd.
b. schizoid; schizotypal
a. avoidant; schizotypal
b. schizoid; schizotypal
c. schizoid; avoidant
d. schizotypal; avoidant
thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schiz-
ophrenia have been documented in ____ personality disorder

a. paranoid c. schizotypal
b. schizoid
c. schizotypal
d. borderline
schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked geneti-
cally to ____ personality disorder

a. schizoid b. schizotypal
b. schizotypal
c. avoidant
d. A and B
Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following
personality disorders?

a. paranoid and schizoid d. paranoid and schizotypal


b. schizotypal and schizoid
c. schizoid and antisocial
d. paranoid and schizotypal

Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at


all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center
of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen."
Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant a diagnosis,
c. Histrionic
which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to
be diagnosed with?
a. Antisocial
b. Borderline

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c. Histrionic
d. Narcissistic
Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses
provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her
male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy
romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of
a. histrionic
a. histrionic personality disorder.
b. narcissistic personality disorder.
c. dependent personality disorder.
d. passive-aggressive personality disorder.
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem
most important in the development of histrionic personality dis-
order?
a. Low openness to feelings and high fantasy proneness b. High extraversion and high neuroticism
b. High extraversion and high neuroticism
c. High neuroticism and low agreeableness
d. High conscientiousness and low assertiveness
Which of the following best accounts for why women are more
likely to be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder than
men?
a. Women are more likely to develop this disorder.
b. The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits b. the symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits
normally seen in women. normally seen in women
c. Women are naturally more likely than men to engage in atten-
tion-seeking behaviors.
d. The primary feature of this disorder is emotionality and women
are more emotional than men.
Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes
and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder?
a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment
d. repeated manipulation of others to gain attention
b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions
c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain
d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention
Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and
that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of
her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be
exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding
performance in class. Hope probably suffers from b. narcissistic
a. histrionic personality disorder.
b. narcissistic personality disorder.
c. dependent personality disorder.
d. schizoid personality disorder
Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality dis-
d. Grandiosity
order from other Cluster B disorders?
Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and
talking about them, wishing to be like them. this self-focused view
of the world would be expected in someone with _____ personality
disorder
c. narcissistic
a. borderline
b histrionic
c. narcissistic
d. paranoid
why is it that people with narcissistic personality disorder are
they think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change
unlikely to seek treatment
the histrionic seeks ____ while the narcissist needs _____. admiration;attention
parental overvaluation is associated with which personality disor-
narcissistic
der?

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At a young age, children are not able to understand that the
world that others experience is different from their own. Children
also tend to overestimate their own abilities. A failure to outgrow
these youthful characteristics might explain the development of
________ personality disorder. narcissistic
a. antisocial
b. borderline
c. histrionic
d. narcissistic
early criminal behavior is most characteristic of antisocial personality disorder
_____ personality disorder is much more common in men than
Antisocial
women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse.
which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes
irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior
and behaviors of someone with antisocial personality disorder?
symptoms of what disorder are present in individuals who later
conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder
develop antisocial personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B
a need for approval or attention is not displayed
disorders in that
henry was a charming middle-aged man who came to the atten-
tion of authorities on bigamy charges. he had a long history of
antisocial personality disorder
courting and supposedly marrying elderly widows, then abscond-
ing with their money. His diagnosis is most likely
the behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality
what "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality
disorder lie on the continuum between neurotic and psychotic
disorder refer to?
disorders
impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships,
borderline personality disorder
self-image, and mood best characterize
which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitude
vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment
and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder
Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling
they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into
reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide at- borderline
tempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta
probably has ________ personality disorder.
Glenna believed that Sam loved her and that she could not live
without him. When he told her he did not want to see her again, she
became violently angry and manipulated him into staying with her borderline personality disorder
by threatening suicide. Which of the following personality disorder
does Glenna's behavior suggest she might have?
Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in
borderline personality disorder
________ personality disorder.
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem
most important in the development of borderline personality dis- high impulsivity and affective instability
order?
the borderline personality disorder differs from histrionic disorder
the central role of sexuality is not present
in that
both exploit others but the person with borderline personality
The main difference between borderline personality disorder and disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and
antisocial personality disorder is that the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and
without guilt.
about half of the individuals with borderline personality disorder
diagnosis of a mood disorder at some time
also qualifiy for:
which disorder is a comorbid diagnosis of depression most com-
dependent personality disorder
monly seen

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According to Paris' multidimensional theory of borderline person-
ality disorder (BPD), people with high levels of impulsivity and are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma
affective instability
The individual with avoidant personality disorder behaves most
schizoid
similarly to someone with ________ personality disorder.
the individuals with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to
fear of rejection
develop lasting relationships as a result of
Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love
to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him.
He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was avoidant personality disorder
trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The
most likely diagnosis for Stu is
in contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality
are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships
disorder
. Sharon says, "I would love to be in an intimate relationship. My
life is terribly boring and lonely. But I am extremely shy and I would
avoidant
fall apart if any man criticized me in the slightest." This description
best matches the symptoms of ________ personality disorder.
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem
most important in the development of avoidant personality disor- high introversion and high neuroticism
der?
avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to
generalized social phobia
distinguish from
Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she
should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's,
because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own
home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints dependent personality disorder
and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her
talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough.
Emily's most likely diagnosis is
Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused)
would be most expected of the individual with ________ person- dependent
ality disorder.
Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she has acute discomfort when she is alone
The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and
The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and depen-
the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submis-
dent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it:
sive.
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem
most important in the development of dependent personality dis- high neuroticism and high agreeableness
order?
John has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can't leave
the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to
obsessive complusive
iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free.
What personality disorder does John's behavior suggest?
an individual with _____ personality disorder is likely to be de-
obsessive compulsive
scribed as rigid and cold
What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Dis-
People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions
order (OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
like people with OCD have.
(OCPD)?
Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem
most important in the development of obsessive compulsive per- high conscientiousness and low compliance
sonality disorder?
Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to
By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.
treat personality disorders?

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Which of the following statements is NOT true of treating person-
ality disorders?

a. Individuals with personality disorders from Clusters A and B are


more difficult to treat because of their interpersonal difficulties and
reluctance to enter therapy. People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another type
b. Treatment for individuals with dependent personality disorder of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a personality
ought to be altered so that excessive dependency is not fostered. disorder because they have more distress.
c. People with personality disorders have trouble establishing
good therapeutic relationships with their therapist.
d. People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another
type of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a person-
ality disorder because they have more distress.
Why is the use of medication for borderline personality disorder
Because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior
controversial?
Donna has borderline personality disorder. She is in therapy, but
progress is slow. One problem is that some days she thinks her
therapist is the most wonderful person in the world. On other days, splitting
she thinks he is worthless and untrustworthy. This type of thinking
is called
a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality
Dialectical behavior therapy is
disorder.
Which of the following is a part of the clinical picture in antisocial
Using charm to make a strong first impression.
personality and psychopathy?
Which of the following is true about the connection between Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have
psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder? psychopathy.
the presence of psychopathy is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism
An employee evaluation: "He takes what he wants rather than
earns it. He hates routine and boredom more than anything else.
Thrill-seeking and impulsive actions have gotten him fired from psychopathy
this job. It will get him fired at many others." What kind of disorder
does the employee illustrate?
be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even
Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to
when the rewards don't come as often as they did.
a child with conduct disorder, ADHD, or oppositional defiant dis-
who is most likely to develop antisocial personality disorder?
order
which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of
one who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness
a psychopath as an adult?
one proposed revision for the DSM-5 pertaining to the diagnosis
a dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis
of personality disorders did not occur. which change was this?
people with _____ are usually unable to form social relationships
schizoid personality disorder
and have little interest in them
This is a disorder in which personality traits and behavior pat-
terns are maladaptive, inflexible, and not readily adaptive to new
situations. The behavior patterns are stable and of long duration.
characteristics of a personality disorder They do not stem from reactions to stress, but involve the gradual
development of behavior patterns. They usually significantly impair
social or occupational functioning and in some cases cause a
good deal of subjective emotional distress.
Temperament is inherited and may predispose people to develop
particular personality traits and disorders. This can make person-
How does temperament relate to personality disorders?
ality disorders seem inherited, but it is the traits that predispose
people to the disorders that are inherited.

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