Array: printf("Enter the number of printf("%d\t", arr[i][j]);

elements in the array: ");

An array is a collection of elements of }
a same data type. scanf("%d", &n);
printf("\n");
Syntax: datatype arrayname[size]; int arr[n]; // Declare an array of size
}
n
Array are classified into two types
return 0; }
printf("Enter the elements of the
1.One dimensional array
array:\n"); Output:
2.Two dimensional array
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { The array elements are:
One dimensional array:
scanf("%d", &arr[i]); 1 2 3
One-Dimensional Array is a group of
} 4 5 6
elements having the same data type
which are stored in a linear printf("The elements of the array Functions:
arrangement under a single variable are: ");
name. A function is a block of code that
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { performs a specific task. It is a
Syntax: datatype arrayname[size]; reusable code that can be called
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
upon from anywhere in the program.
Two-dimensional array:
} Functions make the code more
A two-dimensional array, also known modular and easier to understand. It
printf("\n");
as a 2D array, A matrix with rows and runs only when the function is called.
columns is a two dimensional array. return 0;
Functions are classified into four
Syntax: datatype } types based on arguments and return
arrayname[size][size]; type .
#include <stdio.h>
Advantages of arrays: 1. Function with no arguments
int main() { and no return value .
1.Arrays make the code more
int rows, cols, i, j; 2. Function with no arguments
optimized and clean since we can
and a return value.
store multiple elements in a single printf("Enter the number of rows: "); 3. Function with arguments
array at once, so we do not have to
scanf("%d", &rows); and a no return value.
write or initialize them multiple
4. Function with arguments and
times. printf("Enter the number of a return value .
2.Every element can be traversed in columns: ");
Syntax for function declaration:
an array using a single loop. scanf("%d", &cols);
Returntype name(parameters);
3.Arrays make sorting much easier. int arr[rows][cols]; // Declare a 2D
Elements can be sorted by writing a array with the given dimensions Function definition:
few lines of code.
printf("Enter the elements of the Returntype name(parameters)
4.Any array element can be accessed array:\n"); Function calling:
in any order either from the front or
rear in O(1) time. for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) { name(parameters);
5.Insertion or deletion of the for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) { Advantages of functions :
elements can be done in linear
scanf("%d", &arr[i][j]); Reusability:
complexity in an array.
} Functions allow you to reuse code,
Example:
} which can save you time and effort.
#include <stdio.h>
printf("The elements of the array Modularity:
int main() {
are:\n"); Functions allow you to break down
int n, i; your code into smaller, more
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
manageable pieces. This can make
for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) { your code easier to write, debug, and
maintain.
Abstraction: swapByReference(&x, &y);

Functions can be used to hide the printf("After swapping (call by

implementation details of your code. reference) - x:%d, y:%d\n", x, y);
This can make your code easier to
return 0; }
understand and use.

Readability:
#include<stdio.h>
Functions can make your code more
readable by grouping related code Void add();
together.
Void main ()
Maintainability:
{ add();
Functions can make your code more
maintainable by making it easier to Add();
change and update individual parts of }
your code without affecting the
rest of the code. void add()

we can pass values to the parameters { int a,b,c;

by two types : a=10;
1. Call by value b=5;
2. Call by reference
c=a+b;
1.call by value :
printf(“\n the sum =%d”,c);
#include <stdio.h>
}
void swapByValue(int a, int b) {
Output :
int temp = a;
The sum = 15
a = b;
The sum = 15
b = temp; }

void main() {

int x = 10, y = 20;

printf("Before swapping - x:%d,

y:%d\n", x, y);

swapByValue(x, y);

printf("After swapping (call by

value) - x:%d, y:%d\n", x, y); }

2.Call by reference :

#include <stdio.h>

void swapByReference(int *a, int *b) {

int temp = *a;

*a = *b;

*b = temp;

} int main() {

int x = 10, y = 20;

printf("Before swapping - x:%d,

y:%d\n", x, y);