Module descriptions

Master
Medical Systems Engineering

April 15, 2021

updated September, 2023
Contents
Advanced MR Image Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Advanced Security Issues in Medical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Advances in Radiation and Medical Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Anatomy for Engineering Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Applied Biomechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Basics of Medical Image Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Biomechanical Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Clinical Aspects in Imaging and Radiology Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Computational Biomechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Computational Fluid Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Computed Tomography I - Methods on CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Computed Tomography II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Submodule: Advanced Topics in CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Sub-Module: Lab course CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Computer Assisted Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Computergestützte Diagnose und Therapie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Digital Information Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Digital Information Processing Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Electromagnetic Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Entwicklung von Medizinprodukten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Experimental Neuroscience - from study design in motor research to brain-computer-interfaces . . . 24

Finite Element Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Human-Computer Interfaces in Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Hybrid Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Image Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Introduction in Tissue Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Introduction to Deep Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Introduction to Probability and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Introduction to Programming Techniques in Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Introduction to the approval process of medical devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Introduction to the pre- market phase in the approval process of medical devices . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Machine Learning for Medical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Master Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 2

Mathematical Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Mathematical Modeling of Physiological Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Medical Measurement Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Medical Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Methods of MRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Microfluidics: Theory and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Microscopic Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Mini Research Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

MRI Pulse Sequence Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

MR System Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Nuclear Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Orthopedic and sport medicine diagnostic, operative and treatment applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Planar Medical Imaging Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Principles in clinical trials, market introduction and market surveillance of medical devices . . . . . . 53

Research Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Rheologie und Rheometrie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Scientific Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Soft Matter and Microfluidics Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Solution Design in Medical Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Statistical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Theoretical Neuroscience I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Theoretical Neuroscience II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Three Dimensional and Advanced Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Tissue Engineering Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Visual Analytics in Healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 3

Advanced MR Image Reconstruction

Objectives and content Objectives:

The students will:
◾ get knowledge of different image reconstruction problems in MRI
◾ get knowledge of different image reconstruction algorithms in MRI
◾ understand MR image reconstruction as an inverse problem
◾ get knowledge of basic parallel image reconstruction algorithms
◾ get the ability to reproduce (code) simple image reconstruction algorithms
Content:
◾ Partial Fourier imaging and homodyne reconstruction
◾ Parallel imaging algorithms such as SMASH/SENSE and GRAPPA/SPIRIT
◾ Non-Cartesian imaging strategies such as radial sampling
◾ Key ideas and algorithms of Compressed Sensing reconstruction methods
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended Methods of MRI (by Prof. Speck) or MRI Pulse Sequence Design (by Dr. Röll)
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Tutorial certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: recapitulation of courses, preparation of exercises and exam
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Dr. rer. nat. Volkert Roeloffs (Neoscan Solutions GmbH)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 4

Advanced Security Issues in Medical Systems

Objectives and content Objectives:

The student will:
◾ work on selected current topics on technical, organizational, judicial, social
and ethical topics in IT security on the example of security considerations in
medical sciences
◾ be enabled to understand and devise application field specific IT security
strategies
Content:
Selected current topics on technical, organizational, judicial, social and ethical top-
ics, e.g.:
◾ Medical information systems
◾ Secure data storage and processing for person related and medical data
◾ Security in medical IT infrastructures: system-, network-, and application
◾ Special considerations for digital signal (image and audio) processing for med-
ical records
◾ Security management in medical information systems
◾ Standardization, certification and evaluation of IT security for medical appli-
cation scenarios and systems
◾ Case studies on IT security mechanisms and problems in medicine
Seminar:
◾
◾ Presence at three scheduled times
◾ Topic presentation distribution and registration
◾ Milestone presentation with structure and first, preliminary results
◾ Final presentation containing all results
Literature For literature see http://omen.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/itiamsl/lehre/
Language English
Teaching Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Oral examination
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 3 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Literature research, Scientific work on the topic, Slides and
report preparation
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jana Dittmann (FIN-ITI)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 5

Advances in Radiation and Medical Physics

Objectives and content Objectives:

The term "Medical Physics" includes especially clinical work and responsibilities. It
contains many different areas such as Radiation Protection in official institutions,
maintenance of all parts/devices/machines that produce ionizing radiation as well
as radiation treatment planning and monitoring. With regards to this broad subject,
the course covers standard and advanced methods in the following main topics.
Content:
1. Refreshing Medical Physics and radiation protection
2. Dosimetry
3. Numerical dosimetry - Biokinetics
4. Numerical dosimetry - MonteCarlo Simulations
5. Radiation Therapy Monitoring
6. HIFU therapy
7. Breath gas analysis
8. Audiology Summary / new directions in medical physics e.g. AI applications
Literature [1] The 2007 recommendations of the ICRP, ICRP 103 (2007)
[2] Caner, Radiation Protection in Medical Physics (2010)
[3] ICRP computational framework for internal dose assessment (2015)
[4] Vassiliev, Monte Carlo Methods for Radiation Transport (2017)
[5] Wong, Advanced and Emerging Technologies in Oncology (2018)
[6] Podgorsak, Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists (2016)
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial, Lab Project
Prerequisites None
Recommended Fundamental courses in programming and dosimetry
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Lab certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (70 h time of attendance + 80 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance in winter semester: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Time of attendance in summer semester: 2 SWS Lab Project
Autonomous work: Preparation of the lectures, tutorials and lab project,
preparation of the exam
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration Two semesters
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christoph Hoeschen (FEIT-IMT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 6

Anatomy for Engineering Students

Objectives and content Objectives:

◾ Students acquire basic knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the central
and peripheral nervous system
◾ Students acquire basic knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the locomo-
tion system
◾ Students acquire basic knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the cardio-
vascular system
◾ Students acquire basic understanding of the human metabolic organs
◾ Students apply knowledge on biomechanical properties of the struc-
tures/organs discussed in a problem-based approach
◾ Students apply knowledge on consequences and requirements for medical de-
vices and implants in a problem-based approach
Content:
◾ Microscopic and macroscopic structures and functions of human nervous sys-
tem, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, and metabolic systems
(digestive tract, excretory tracts, hormonal regulation)
◾ Literature search on biomechanical properties and functionality of the dis-
cussed structures, and application in biomedical engineering
◾ Team-work of presentations, e.g., on elastic properties of blood vessels,
haemodynamics, pulsatile flow, electrophysiology of the heart, kinematics of
joints, endoscopic devices, minimal invasive diagnostics and therapies
Literature Anatomy and Physiology books and atlases, original research articles, reviews,
PubMed, open E-learning sources
Language English
Teaching Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Seminar Presentation
Credit Points 4 CP = 120 h (42 h time of attendance + 78 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 3 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Preparation of the Team-Lectures and Tutorials,
Problem-based learning of respective structures and functions, E-Learning
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Elisabeth Eppler (Research Campus STIMULATE,
Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Weltraum- und
Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen MARS, University of Magdeburg, Institute of
Anatomy, University of Bern)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 7

Applied Biomechanics

Objectives and content Objectives:

◾ Detailed knowledge concerning deformation mechanisms in solid materials
◾ Understanding to formulate concrete boundary and initial value problems out
of continuum mechanics
◾ Detailed knowledge concerning kinematics and kinetics of motion
◾ Knowledge concerning different solution methods for static and dynamical
systems
◾ Comprehensive understanding concerning vibration problems in biomechanical
systems
◾ Understanding of the general spatial dynamics of rigid biomechanical systems
Content:
◾ Fundamentals of continuum mechanics
◾ Fundamental balance laws
◾ Constitutive equations for soft (e.g. tissue) and hard (e.g. bone) materials
◾ Kinematics and kinetics of linear and angular motion
◾ Force and energy based mechanical methods for describing dynamical systems
◾ Basics of vibration dynamics (oscillator with 1 and 2 degrees of freedom)
◾ Introduction of harmonic, modal and transient analyses
◾ Coordinate systems and spatial orientation
◾ Basics of spatial dynamics with focus on gyroscopic effects
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended Knowledge of engineering mechanics (statics, basics of strength theory and
prerequisites dynamics)
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Individual semester assignment that is included in the
examination grade
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. Daniel Juhre (FMB-IFME), Jun.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Elmar Woschke
(FMB-IFME), apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Konstantin Naumenko (FMB-IFME)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 8

Basics of Medical Image Science

Objectives and content Objectives:

The student will:
◾ get an overview about radiation principles including types of ionizing radiation
and their behaviour
◾ learn about the difference between active and passive imaging methods and
examples from medical imaging techniques
◾ get to know system theory of medical imaging systems
◾ learn to understand the differences between Fourier-based and task-based
image quality descriptions
◾ understand how image quality can be described by different types of observers
(human and model observers)
Content:
◾ Radiation physics for alpha-, beta-, gamma-, neutron- and X-ray radiation
◾ MTF, NPS and DQE
◾ Ideal observer, human observer models, ROC curves
Literature provided by e-learning system
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Exercise
Prerequisites None
Recommended Mathematics, Physics, Fundamentals in Electrical Engineering
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 120 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Exercise
Autonomous work: Rework of lectures and exercises, preparation of exercises
Frequency Every summer semester (starting from summer term 2022)
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christoph Hoeschen (FEIT-IMT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 9

Biomechanical Sensors
Objectives and content Objectives:
Sensors in biomechanics have changed and expanded the possibilities of biomechan-
ical analysis. High-precision sensing and feedback systems are essential in medicine,
sports, research, and robotics applications, and will continue to revolutionize biome-
chanics in the future. Increasing advances in sensor performance are leading to a
steady convergence towards practical requirements. This lecture will highlight the
fundamentals and advances in the development and application of biomechanical
sensors at the component level and in (wearable) biomechanical systems. Students
will learn the technological fundamentals of sensor systems and discuss their appli-
cability in various application scenarios. In addition, students independently acquire
an in-depth knowledge of selected biomechanical issues based on current scientific
publications. After successful completion of the module, students will be able to
understand and apply measurement principles with different sensors and systems.
In the exercises, students are enabled to deepen their knowledge and skills, to com-
municate and to apply them to concrete problems.
Content:
◾ tactile sensors
◾ inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors
◾ pressure sensors
◾ optical sensors
◾ textile-based sensors
◾ smartphone-based sensors for health monitoring and diagnosis
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Attending of Exercises
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Post processing of lectures, reading of selected scientific
papers and preparation for discussion in tutorial, preparation of exam
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrike Steinmann (FEIT-IFAT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 10

Clinical Aspects in Imaging and Radiology Therapy

Objectives and content Objectives:

◾ Knowledge on the fundamental functions and applications of common medical
imaging methods and radiation therapy from a medical point of view
◾ Knowledge of the characteristics of human tissues and their visualisation by
imaging techniques
◾ Understanding for the effects of radiation to human tissues
◾ Knowledge of applications of radiation therapy
◾ Knowledge on the specific problems of different imaging modalities
◾ Understanding for the role of different imaging techniques
◾ Knowledge on the demand for future medicine in imaging and radiation
Content:
◾ Radiology
◽ Clinical Application of X-Ray and Computed Tomography
◽ Clinical Application of MRI and Sonography
◽ Image-Guided Vascular and Oncological Interventions
◽ Fluoroscopy and Mammography
◾ Neuroradiology
◽ Anatomical Basics in Neuroradiology
◽ Neuroradiological Medical Engineering: The Nuts and Bolts
◽ Applied Medical Engineering: How YOU save human lives
◽ Everything you always wanted to know but Were afraid to ask
◾ Nuclear Medicine
◽ Conventional Nuclear Medicine, technical basics and applications
◽ PET/CT, technical basics, applications and „New horizons“
◽ Nuclear Medicine Therapy
◾ Radiation Therapy
◽ Modern image acquisition technique for radiotherapy – from CT to
image guided radiotherapy
◽ Linear accelerator technique – the backbone of the radiotherapy
◽ The physician-physicist treatment planning chain in percutaneous radio-
therapy: from indication to beam delivery
◽ Stereotactic radiotherapy: high precision radiotherapy and its challenges
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written Examination 90 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (28 h time of attendance + 122 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture
Autonomous work: Rework of lectures, examination preparation
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. med. Brunner (FME), Prof. Dr. med, Kreißl (FME), Prof. Dr. med.
Mpotsaris (FME), Prof. Dr. med. Pech (FME)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 11

Computational Biomechanics

Objectives and content Objectives:

The lecture is aimed to provide the students with knowledge and skills in com-
putational mechanics to solve engineering problems (statics, strength of materials,
dynamics). The lecture provides an introduction into the mathematical modeling
and the computational analysis of engineering problems. The students receive the
ability to solve simplified technical problems with a reference to biomechanical and
medical engineering.
Content:
◾ Overview about modern computational methods in mechanics and there ap-
plication in biomechanics and medical engineering
◾ Introduction in mathematical modeling
◾ Discretization methods:
◽ Finite difference method (FDM)
◽ Energy Methods (Ritz, Galerkin)
◽ Finite element method (FEM)
◽ Multi body dynamics (MBS)
◾ Computational analysis of selected problems in biomechanics
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Tutorial certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Oral examination
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: re-working of lectures, autonomous execution of exercises,
preparation of the exam
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Jun.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Daniel Juhre (FMB-IFME)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 12

Computational Fluid Dynamics

Objectives and content Objectives:

Numerical flow simulation (usually called Computational Fluid Dynamics or CFD) is
playing an essential role in many modern industrial projects. Knowing the basics of
fluid dynamics is very important but insufficient to be able to learn CFD on its own.
In fact the best way of learning CFD is by relying to a large extent on "learning by
doing" on the PC. This is the purpose of this Module, in which theoretical aspects
are combined with many hands-on and exercises on the PC.
By doing this, students are able to use autonomously, efficiently and target-oriented
CFD-programs in order to solve complex fluid dynamical problems. They also are
able to analyse critically CFD-results.
Content:
◾ Introduction and organization. Historical development of CFD. Importance
of CFD. Main methods (finite-differences, -volumes, -elements) for discretiza-
tion.
◾ Vector and parallel computing. How to use supercomputers, optimal comput-
ing loop, validation procedure, Best Practice Guidelines.
◾ Linear systems of equations. Iterative solution methods. Examples and ap-
plications. Tridiagonal systems. Realization of a Matlab-Script for the solu-
tion of a simple flow in a cavity (Poisson equation), with Dirichlet-Neumann
boundary conditions.
◾ Choice of convergence criteria and tests. Grid independency. Impact on the
solution.
◾ Introduction to finite elements on the basis of COMSOL. Introduction to
COMSOL and practical use based on a simple example.
◾ Carrying out CFD: CAD, grid generation and solution. Importance of gridding.
Best Practice (ERCOFTAC). Introduction to Gambit, production of CAD-data
and grids. Grid quality.
◾ Physical models available in Fluent. Importance of these models for obtaining
a good solution. Introduction to Fluent. Influence of grid and convergence
criteria. First- and second-order discretization. Grid-dependency.
◾ Properties and computation of turbulent flows. Turbulence modeling. Com-
putation of a turbulent flow behind a backward-facing step. Dispatching
subjects for the final project.
Literature Ferziger and Peric, Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics, Springer
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Research project
Prerequisites Fluid mechanics
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Research project
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Research project
Autonomous work: Preparation of the lectures, literature research
Frequency Every semester
Duration One semesters
(continued on the next page)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 13

 (continued)

Responsible person apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Gabor Janiga (FVST - LSS)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 14

Computed Tomography I - Methods on CT

Objectives and content Objectives:

The student will:
◾ understand the system theory of imaging systems
◾ learn the functional principle of the computed tomography
◾ understand the mathematical principle of tomographic reconstruction
◾ have an overview about the current research work in the area of tomographic
imaging
Content:
Starting with the system theory of imaging systems, the first part of the module is
focused on the physical properties of x-rays and their interaction with matter. The
second part deals with X-ray based standard radiography. The third and final part
brings the mathematical methods of tomographic image reconstruction into focus.
The particular content is:
◾ System theory of imaging systems
◾ Basic principle of underlying physics
◾ X-ray tubes and detectors
◾ Radiography
◾ Reconstruction: Fourier-based principle, Filtered back projection, Algebraic
approach, statistical methods
◾ Beam-geometry: Parallel-, Fan- and Cone beam
◾ Implementation
◾ Artefacts and Adjustment
Literature Kak, Slaney: Principles of computerized tomographic imaging; Kalender:
Computed Tomography
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Tutorial certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 60 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Rework of lectures and tutorial, preparation of exercises
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Georg Rose (FEIT-IMT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 15

Computed Tomography II

Teaching Lecture, Lab project

Prerequisites Understanding of the functional principle of computed tomography and CT image
reconstruction basics
Lab course: Basic programming skills (MATLAB or C/C++)
Recommended Computed Tomography I
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Examination Written examination 60 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Lab project
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Dr.-Ing. Tim Pfeiffer (FEIT-IMT)

Submodule: Advanced Topics in CT

Objectives and content Objectives:

The student will:
◾ get an overview over a variety of specialized CT routines and their (medical)
applications
◾ understand the principles of more sophisticated CT image reconstruction and
artifact reduction techniques
◾ learn how simulated data can be used to investigate problems
Content:
The lecture introduces advanced topics in the field of computed tomography (CT).
A variety of different aspects and medical applications of specialized CT routines
will be presented, covering the following topics:
◾ Simulation of computed tomography scans
◾ Advanced Image Reconstruction
◽ Alternative trajectories
◽ Statistical reconstruction
◽ Volume-of-interest imaging
◽ Dynamic imaging (Perfusion)
◾ Artifact correction methods (beam-hardening, scatter, metal artifacts)
◾ Spectral CT and Dual energy CT
◾ Tomosynthesis
◾ Data consistency conditions
◾ Biological effects of ionizing radiation and dose reduction techniques
◾ Phase contrast CT
◾ 2D/3D image registration
Literature Kak, Slaney: Principles of computerized tomographic imaging
Heismann, Schmidt, Flohr: Spectral computed tomography
Language English
Teaching Lecture
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
(continued on the next page)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 16

 (continued)

Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture

Autonomous work: Rework of lectures
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Dr.-Ing. Tim Pfeiffer (FEIT-IMT))

Sub-Module: Lab course CT

Objectives and content Objectives:

The student will:
◾ apply theoretical knowledge about computed tomography topics (e.g. from
the module "Medical Imaging - Computed Tomography I")
◾ get a deeper understanding of the properties of data acquired by CT scanners
◾ learn to assert image quality
◾ practice processing CT dataset and reconstruction in MATLAB (or C/C++)
◾ be stimulated to think about alternative methods to solve problems analyti-
cally
Content:
The student has the choice between a practical task in the angiography lab including
measurements and quantitative evaluation (angiography lab course), or to solve
programming tasks with simulated data (computer lab course).
Angiography lab course: The student will use a hardware performance phantom in
order to evaluate the image quality of a clinical C-arm system. For this purpose, the
student will perform measurements and export the data sets of the reconstructed
images. For this, the student has to implement several routines to quantify the
image quality. Finally, the results have to be analyzed and discussed. Computer lab
course: The student will work on several programming tasks with different degrees
of difficulty, covering a variety of typical problems in CT imaging. Usually, a data
set consisting of simulated CT projections will be given. The task can be solved via
an appropriate reconstruction or with creative analysis. Finally, the solution strategy
has to be documented and discussed.
Literature Buzug, Thorsten: Computed Tomography: From Photon Statistics to Modern
Cone-Beam CT
Language English
Teaching Lab project
Prerequisite for the Lab certificate
admission to any
examination
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lab project
Autonomous work:
◾ 1/6 - theoretical preparation (literature research)
◾ 1/6 - performing the measurement resp. theoretical analysis
◾ performing the measurement resp. theoretical analysis
◾ 1/3 - implementation of the routines
◾ 1/6 - evaluation and visualization
◾ 1/6 - preparing a talk or report

The full lab course has to be done in autonomous work

Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Dr.-Ing. Tim Pfeiffer (FEIT-IMT))

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 17

Computer Assisted Surgery

Objectives and content Objectives:

Computer-assisted surgery is an interdisciplinary research field that builds a bridge
between surgery and computer science. It represents a set of methods which use
computer technology to support preoperative planning, the actual surgery, and
postoperative assessment. This lecture will offer an overview of computer-assisted
surgery. After an introduction of fundamentals, the state of the art in computeras-
sisted surgery is presented on the basis of clinical examples.
Content:
◾ Fundamentals of Intraoperative Imaging
◾ Fundamentals of Surgical Visualization
◾ Computer-Assisted Surgery Planning
◾ Surgical Navigation Systems
◾ Surgical Augmented Reality
◾ Surgeon-Computer Interaction
◾ Robotic Surgery
◾ Development and Evaluation of Medical Software
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Seminar certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Oral Examination
Credit Points 6 CP = 180 h (56 h time of attendance + 124 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance in winter semester: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Preparation of the lectures and seminars
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Prof. Dr. Christian Hansen (FIN-ISG)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 18

Computergestützte Diagnose und Therapie

Englischer Titel Computer Aided Diagnosis and Therapy

Objectives and content Objectives:
◾ Verständnis der stationären medizinischen Versorgung
◾ Verständnis von Diagnoseprozessen, relevanten Interessengruppen, Diag-
nosemethoden
◾ Verständnis der Kriterien zur Bewertung diagnostischer Methoden
◾ Verständnis von Algorithmen zur Unterstützung von Diagnoseaufgaben, wie
z.B. Objekterkennung und -klassifizierung
◾ Verständnis von Behandlungsentscheidungen, Behandlungsplänen und Fak-
toren, die diese beeinflussen
◾ Verständnis von Softwaresystemen, die Behandlungsentscheidungen unter-
stützen
Content:
◾ Einführung in die Diagnose einschliesslich diagnostischer Richtlinien und
Ergebnisse aus der Epidemiologie
◾ Krebsdiagnose in Röntgen-, CT- und MRI-Daten
◾ Computergestützte Diagnose für Brustkrebs, Bronchialkarzinom und Hirn-
metastasen
◾ Diagnose von Perfusionsdaten
◾ Einführung in die Behandlung mit Strahlenbehandlung, Chirurgie und Inter-
ventionen
◾ Computer-Assistenz bei der Planung von Leberoperationen
◾ Computer-Assistenz bei der neurochirurgischen Planung auf der Basis multi-
modaler Bilddaten
◾ CT- und MR-gesteuerte Interventionen
Literature Bernhard Preim, Charl P Botha. Visual Computing for Medicine, Second Edition:
Theory, Algorithms, and Applications , Morgan Kaufmann, 2013
Language Deutsch
Teaching Vorlesung, Seminar
Prerequisites Keine
Recommended Keine
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Masterprogramm
Prerequisite for the Seminarzertifikat
admission to any
examination
Examination Schriftliche Prüfung 90min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h Anwesenheit + 94 h individuelle Arbeit)
Work load 2 SWS Vorlesung, 2 SWS Seminar
Frequency Jedes Wintersemester
Duration Ein Semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Bernhard Preim (FIN-ISG)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 19

Digital Information Processing

Objectives and content Objectives:

◾ The participant has an overview of basic problems and methods of digital
signal processing.
◾ The participant understands the functionality of a digital signal processing
system and can mathematically explain the modus of operation.
◾ The participant can assess applications in terms of stability and other markers.
He / She can calculate the frequency response and reconstruction of analogue
signals.
◾ The participant can perform these calculations and assessments as well on
stochastically excited digital systems.
◾ The participant can apply this knowledge in a field of specialization, e. g.
Medical Signal Analysis
Content:
1. Digital Signals and Digital LTI Systems
2. Z-Transform and Difference Equations
3. Sampling and Reconstruction
4. Synthesis and analysis of such systems
5. Discrete and Fast Fourier Transformations
6. Processing of Stochastic Signals by LTI-Systems: Correlation Techniques and
Model-Based Systems (ARMA)
7. Selected Specialization Topics, e. g. Medical Signal Analysis
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites Bachelor in Electrical Engineering or related studies
Knowledge of signals and systems, Analog Fourier transformations
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Postprocessing of lectures, preparation of exercises and exam
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Andreas Wendemuth (FEIT-IIKT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 20

Digital Information Processing Lab

Objectives and content Objectives:

◾ The participant has an overview of basic methods of applied digital signal
processing.
◾ The participant can transform physiological knowledge into technical digital
signal processing methods.
◾ Selected Feature Space transformations and their applications are known.
◾ Gaussian Production System Architectures are being estimated under
Maximum-Likelihood Assumptions
Content:
1. Digital Signals and Digital LTI Systems
2. Synthesis and analysis of such systems
3. Discrete and Fast Fourier Transformations
4. Selected Feature Space transformations
5. Gaussian Production System Architectures
6. Characteristics of Human Speech
Literature
Language English
Teaching Seminar
Prerequisites Credits obtained in the Course "Digital Signal Processing" (Wendemuth)
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Experimental work
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (28 h time of attendance + 122 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Pre- and postprocessing of course, preparation of exam
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Andreas Wendemuth (FEIT-IIKT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 21

Electromagnetic Compatibility

Objectives and content Objectives:

The students gain information on the fundamental concepts, principles and measure-
ment techniques of (EMC). At the end of the module they are able to understand
and apply measures to improve EMC. They will be able to analyze the EMC of
systems and know standard measurement procedures. The students know specific
EMC demands of medical systems.
Content:
◾ EMC regulation
◾ EM coupling, shielding, filtering
◾ EMC analysis
◾ Interference models for special applications
◾ EMC measures in electronic circuits
◾ Radiation hazards
◾ Measurement techniques
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Oral examination
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Preparation of the lectures and tutorials, preparation of the
exam
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Vick (FEIT-IMT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 22

Entwicklung von Medizinprodukten

Englischer Titel Development of Medical Products

Objectives and content Ziel:
Überblick über die grundlegenden regulatorischen und fachlichen Voraussetzungen
für die Entwicklung und das Inverkehrbringen von Medizinprodukten in Deutschland
und Europa.
Fach- und methodische Kompetenz:
Studenten können europäische rechtliche Bestimmungen benennen und deren
Auswirkungen für den Standort Deutschland konkretisieren. Sie können einzelne
Entwicklungs- und Zertifizierungsschritte des Produktlebenszyklus beschreiben und
Medizinprodukte entsprechend dem MPG zuordnen. Grundlegende Methoden des
produktbezogenen Risikomanagement können erläutert und am Beispiel von Medi-
zingerätesoftware vorgestellt werden.
Einbindung in die Berufsvorbereitung:
Das Modul liefert wichtige Impulse für spätere Arbeitsbereiche, wie z.B. Planung
von Entwicklungsschritten, Risikomanagement, Qualitätsmanagement und Konfor-
mitätsprüfung.
Inhalt:
Definition Medizinprodukt, MDR, Europäische Richtlinien, Harmonisierung, Klassi-
fizierung von MP, Benannte Stellen, Produktlebenszyklus, Zweckbestimmung, Kon-
formitätserklärung und CE-Kennzeichnung, Qualitätsmanagement (13485), Risiko-
management (14971), FTA, FMEA, Entwicklungsprozesse, Softwareentwicklung,
Gebrauchstauglichkeit
Literature
Language Deutsch
Teaching Vorlesung, Übung
Prerequisites Grundlagen Software-Entwicklung
Recommended Keine
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Masterprogramm
Prerequisite for the Keine
admission to any
examination
Examination Seminararbeit
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (60 h Anwesenheit + 90 h individuelle Arbeit)
Work load 2 SWS Vorlesung, 1 SWS Übung
Frequency Jedes Sommersemester
Duration Ein Semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. Thomas Neumuth (ICCAS Leipzig)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 23

Experimental Neuroscience - from study design in motor research to
brain-computer-interfaces

Objectives and content Objectives:

This module comprises a seminar and a lab project. In the seminar, students will
learn how concepts and methods borrowed from engineering have provided funda-
mental insight into principles of human motor control. Following a brief introduction
to the anatomy and physiology of the human motor system, students will become
familiar with important challenges and problems in human motor control, as well
as approaches to solve them. They will read, and learn to summarize, present,
and critically review, selected seminal experimental research in this field. In the
lab project, students will learn to apply several key methods used in human neuro-
science. They will acquire knowledge about the acquisition, visual inspection and
analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, learn appropriate algorithms for
feature extraction and classification, and become familiar with basic problems of
brain-computer-interfaces (BCI). At the end of the lab project, they will be able to
process the discussed problems by autonomously applying the learned algorithms.
Competing for the best performance in an EEG-data decoding task, students will
be able to deepen their knowledge and skills in a research oriented way and to apply
and evaluate it on complex problems.
Content:
◾ Introduction/Theoretical background:
◽ Anatomy and physiology of the human motor system
◽ Fundamental problems in human motor control, and concepts and meth-
ods borrowed from engineering to solve them
◽ Basic principle BCI
◽ EEG
◽ Feature extraction
◽ Classification
◽ Steady State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEP)
◾ Critical scientific reading, introduction to the human motor neuroscience
Literature [1] Nicolas-Alonso and Gomez-Gi (2012). Brain-computer interfaces, a review.
Sensors 12(2):1211-79.
[2] Vialatte et al. (2010). Steady-state visually evoked potentials: focus on essen-
tial paradigms and future perspectives. Prog Neurobiol. 90(4):418-38.
Language English
Teaching Seminar, Lab Project
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Seminar presentation / Programming task
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 1 SWS Seminar, 2 SWS Lab Project
Autonomous work: Preparation of the seminars and the exam, preparation and
solving of programming lab tasks
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Dr. med. Max-Philipp Stenner (FME-KNEU)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 24

Finite Element Method
Objectives and content Objectives:
The participants will gain experience in the use of the finite element method (FEM)
as a computational method for solving complex systems of differential equations,
which are essential in engineering problems. FEM is an effective tool for solving
problems in structure and solid mechanics. The students will be taught in the
proceeding of assembling the structure problem, its discretization and solving within
the FEM. The students experience the exposure to finite element software like Ansys.
Content:
◾ Fundamentals of the boundary value problem in solid mechanics
◾ Variation calculus and weak form
◾ FE discretization and shape functions
◾ Isoparametric truss elements
◾ Plane finite elements
◾ Volume elements
◾ Extended element technology
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites Good skills in mechanics and mathematics
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Oral examination
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Postprocessing of lectures, preparation of exercises and exam
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Jun.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Daniel Juhre (FMB-IFME)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 25

Human-Computer Interfaces in Medicine

Objectives and content Objectives:

The aim of this seminar is to provide an overview about Human-Machine Interaction
in medicine. In addition, students can train and improve their skills in scientific
reading, presentation and discussion.
Content:
◾ Human-Machine Interaction in Radiology
◾ Human-Machine Interaction in Surgery
◾ Usability Engineering for Medical Devices
◾ Clinical Evaluation of Human-Machine Interfaces
Literature
Language English
Teaching Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Seminar presentation
Credit Points 4 CP = 120 h (28 h time of attendance + 92 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Preparation of the seminars, preparation of the seminar
presentation
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. Christian Hansen (FIN-ISG)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 26

Hybrid Imaging

Objectives and content Objectives:

◾ Understanding for the fundamental principles and limitations of hybrid imag-
ing
◾ Knowledge of the main applications and advantages compared to single
modalities
◾ Knowledge of the characteristics of human tissues and their visualisation by
imaging techniques
◾ Knowledge on the specific problems of combined modalities
◾ Understanding for the role of combined vs. individual imaging techniques
Content:
◾ The clinical motivation for hybrid imaging
◾ Basic principles of the hybrid concepts
◾ The history of origin, first prototypes and the methodological and technical
development of the individual modalities
◾ The methodological limitations of the individual methods used (e.g. SPECT
and PET) and how these can be compensated for by auxiliary imaging (here
e.g. CT)
◾ Existing methodological and technical limitations of hybrid imaging (e.g. due
to the interaction of the individual modalities / measuring principles e.g. MR
and PET, error propagation in the context of image data reconstruction, etc.)
◾ The indication-related optimization of the hybrid imaging and the methods
used here for optimization considering the medical indication (including the
limits for protocol optimization)
◾ Compliance with the principles of radiation protection when applying and
optimizing the methods.
◾ The development of imaging artifacts and their systematic influence on hybrid
imaging.
◾ New detector technologies and their methodological developments.
◾ New (potential) hybrid imaging concepts (e.g. US in combination with CT),
basic ideas and potential developments
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture and Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended Basic knowledge on CT, MRI and PET
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Seminar presentation
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Rework of lectures and tutorial, preparation for the seminar
presentation
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Dr. rer. nat. Oliver Großer, M.A. (Executive Medical Physicist)
(FME-Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 27

Image Coding

Objectives and content Objectives:

Learn about methods and techniques of image coding as essential part in image
communication. Problems of image acquisition are treated as far as relevant for
image coding. Applications of image coding algorithms in image compression stan-
dards and their use in selected fields such as medical imaging are discussed.
At the end of the course the students are able to assess existing coding methods
for still images and video. They know relevant problems of image acquisition and
representation, how the information content in images can be estimated and learn
principles in the design of encoders for image and video compression. Students are
able to apply image coding methods in medical applications.
Content:
◾ Acquisition and representation of images
◾ Human perception
◾ Image forming systems
◾ Information theory
◾ Quantisation
◾ Data compression
◾ Lossy coding
◾ Video compression
◾ Transform coding
◾ Content based and semantic coding
◾ Standards and applications
Literature Many literature on image and video compression is helpful but doesn’t replace
necessity of being present at classes, e. g. John W. Woods: Multidimensional signal,
image, and video processing and coding, Academic Press, 2012, (Online available),
material for lecture and exercise is provided by e-learning system
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites Modules typical for Bachelor in Electrical Engineering or related courses
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Oral examination
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Post processing of lectures, solving tasks of exercises,
preparation of presentation, preparation of exam
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Dr.-Ing. Gerald Krell (FEIT-IIKT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 28

Introduction in Tissue Engineering

Objectives and content Objectives:

In the lecture, we will start with an introduction into cell biology and signaling.
These knowledge is a prerequisite for the introduction into cell culture technology
and principles in tissue engineering. A methodical focus will be on detection of vital-
ity, metabolic activity, histological staining and antibody-based detection methods
such as ELISA; RIA, FACS or MACS. In the second half of the course we will focus
on (I) the development of (bio)materials as 3D scaffolds and , the (II) bioreactor
technology in Tissue Engineering, (III) non-invasive detection methods and (IV)
modeling cell material interaction for tissue engineering. Finally, we give a brief
insight into the application of human 3D tissues.
Content:
◾ Fundamentals of cell biology and cell culture technology
◾ Biological methods to characterize cellular function
◾ Basic principles of tissue engineering
◾ 3D tissue models and their application
Literature Review article will be provided
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Preparing for tutorials and solving homework assignments,
preparing for exam, reading additional material
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. biol. hum. Heike Walles (Prof. Dr. rer. biol. Heike Walles (FVST -
ICH)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 29

Introduction to Deep Learning

Objectives and content Objectives:

◾ confidently apply DL techniques to develop a solution for a given problem
◾ follow recent DL publications and critically assess their contributions
◾ formulate hypotheses and design and conduct DL experiments to validate
them
◾ document progress and design decisions for reproducibility and transparency
◾ for Master: advanced competencies in scientifical research in topics of the
module
Content:
◾ artificial neural network fundamentals (gradient descent and backpropagation,
activation functions)
◾ network architectures (Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent/Recursive
Neural Networks, Auto-Encoders)
◾ regularization techniques
◾ introspection and analysis techniques
◾ optimization techniques
◾ advanced training strategies (e.g. teacher-student)
Literature Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio and Aaron Courville: "Deep Learning", MIT Press,
2016
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites Machine learning for Medical Systems, Number of participants limited, Only for
students with excellent knowledge in signal processing, mathematics and machine
learning
Recommended
◾ linear algebra and probability theory
prerequisites
◾ machine learning (e.g. "Intelligente Systeme" or "Machine Learning")

Applicability of the module Master program

Prerequisite for the Participation and active involvement in the course and the exercises (defined in
admission to any the 1st lecture and published on the course website)
examination
Examination Written examination 120 min
Credit Points 10 CP = 300 h (84 h time of attendance + 216 h self-study)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial (theory exercise), 2 SWS
Tutorial (practice exercise)
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Stober (FIN-IKS)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 30

Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Objectives and content Objectives:

The students:
◾ acquire basic knowledge of descriptive statistics for univariate data and for
analysing simple relationships,
◾ develop the ability to analyse data using appropriate tools,
◾ are able to compute probabilities for some standard distributions,
◾ understand how real world problems can be modelled by using probabilistic
concepts.
Content:
◾ Variables and measurement levels
◾ Methods of descriptive statistics and explorative data analysis: tabular and
graphical methods for summarizing data and empirical measures of location
and variability (e.g. frequency tables, boxplot, mean, median, quantiles, vari-
ance and standard deviation)
◾ Elementary probability concepts, discrete and continuous random variables,
probability distributions, probability density function and cumulative distribu-
tion function
◾ Theoretical measures of location and variability (expected value, variance,
standard deviation, quantiles)
◾ Statistical independence, conditional probability, Bayes theorem
◾ Special distributions: Bernoulli, Binomial, Poisson, continuous uniform, ex-
ponential and normal distributions
◾ Law of large numbers, central limit theorem
◾ Simple concepts for relationships: contingency tables and Pearson correlation
Literature Newbold, P.; Carlson, W.; Thorne, B. (2013): Statistics for Business and
Economics. 8 th edition, Pearson: Harlow.
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 60 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: re-working of lectures, autonomous execution of exercises,
preparation of the exam
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. Claudia Kirch (FMA-IMST), Prof. Dr. Anja Janssen (FMA-IMST)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 31

Introduction to Programming Techniques in Engineering

Objectives and content Objectives:

The student will be able to program in Python and Arduino by the end of the course.
They will be able to present data in graphical manners, to program interactive
graphical user interfaces, and to control Arduino based hardware with software
programming.
Content:
◾ Fundamentals of Python programming
◾ Data manipulation and representation
◾ Scientific calculations
◾ Interactive graphical user interface (GUI)
◾ Arduino programming platform
◾ Arduino hardware development
Literature Online resources on Python and Arduino
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Preparing for tutorials and solving homework assignments,
preparing for exam, reading additional material
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Georg Rose (FEIT-IMT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 32

Introduction to the approval process of medical devices

Objectives and content Objectives:

In contrast to pharmaceuticals, no worldwide uniform legally requirements are avail-
able for the approval and CE certification of medical devices. Every manufacturer is
responsible to set up the process and documentation of his medical devices to get
it approved according to defines OECD Guidelines and ISO norms. The regulatory
affair offers an unexpectedly exciting and diverse range of tasks for all students,
especially in small and medium-sized companies. As part of the elective module, we
want to arouse students’ interest in these regulatory affairs topics in the modules
including active participation of representatives of the medical device industry. We
want to teach the essential basics for an activity in the regulatory environment. In
the first semester, we will address the process as whole as well as regulatory and
structural requirements.
Content:
The content is based on the specifications for the European CE approval and relevant
DIN ISO specification. It includes the following topics:
◾ Introduction to the process of market approval
◾ GxPractice and alternative
We will build groups of two students to perform a Term work. Content of work
are selected examples to illuminate the approval procedures for different medical
device classes and to address particular regulatory issues. These Term work are
presented and discussed in a short lecture to all students. The homework is 50%
of the examination performance. In addition, an exam is written at the end of the
course, which also accounts for 50% of the total grade.
Literature Will be made available digitally at the beginning of the course
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended Attending the module Basics for Medical Device Approval of MT Bachelor
prerequisites (OvGU) is an advantage
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Term paper and its presentation
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90 min (Term paper and exam each 50% of the final grade)
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (45 h time of attendance + 105 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: follow-up lecture and exercises - elaboration of term paper
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. biol. Heike Walles (FVST - ICH)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 33

Introduction to the pre- market phase in the approval process of medical
devices
Objectives and content Objectives:
In contrast to pharmaceuticals, no worldwide uniform legally requirements are avail-
able for the approval and CE certification of medical devices. Every manufacturer is
responsible to set up the process and documentation of his medical devices to get
it approved according to defines OECD Guidelines and ISO norms. The regulatory
affair offers an unexpectedly exciting and diverse range of tasks for all students,
especially in small and medium-sized companies. As part of the compulsory elec-
tive module, we want to deepen the differences between international admission
procedures in this module.
Content:
The content is based on the specifications for the European CE approval and relevant
DIN ISO specification. It includes following basics of the pre-market phase: Risk
management and assessment, risk-benefit analysis, regulatory affairs manager, tech-
nical documentation, quality management, PDCA cycle, patient safety vs. Customer
satisfaction, clinical evaluation and proof of effectiveness. After the lectures, differ-
ent international admission procedures in the USA, Russia, Brazil, Japan, ASEAN,
Canada, China, India, Saudi Arabia and Mexico will be examined. Therefor we will
build groups of two students to perform a Term work. Content of work are selected
examples to illuminate the approval procedures for different medical device classes
and to address particular regulatory issues. These Term work are presented and dis-
cussed in a short lecture to all students. The homework is 50% of the examination
performance. In addition, an exam is written at the end of the course, which also
accounts for 50% of the total grade.
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Seminar
Prerequisites Attending the module Introduction to the approval process of medical devices
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Term paper and its presentation
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90 min (Term paper and exam each 50% of the final grade)
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (45 h time of attendance + 105 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: follow-up lecture and exercises - elaboration of term paper
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Dr. Karim Djamshidi (Executive Director Global Regulatory Affairs - KARL
STORZ SE and Co. KG), Prof. Dr. rer. biol. Heike Walles

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 34

Machine Learning for Medical Systems

Objectives and content Objectives:

The student will
◾ understand the basics of Learning Theory
◾ get an in-depth understanding for problems and concepts in the area of Ma-
chine Learning
◾ learn data structures and algorithms of Machine Learning
◾ be enabled to apply these methods to real-world medical data analysis prob-
lems
Content:
◾ Concept Learning and Version Space
◾ Learning Decision Trees
◾ Neural Networks
◾ Bayesian Learning
◾ Instance-based Learning and Cluster Analysis
◾ Association Rule Learning
◾ Reinforcement Learning
◾ Hypothesis Evaluation
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Seminar certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Oral examination
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Preparation of the lectures and seminars, preparation of the
exam
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Nürnberger (FIN-ITI)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 35

Master Thesis
Objectives and content Objectives:
The student will:
◾ Create a research-oriented scientific dissertation
◾ Master the writing of a scientific report in the extent of a Master thesis with
high scientific standard
◾ be able to defend and present her/his own work and to answer questions
scientifically
Content:
according to prior agreement with the examiner(s)
Literature
Language English, German
Teaching None
Prerequisites See Study and Examination Regulations
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written thesis and thesis defence
Credit Points 30 CP = 900 h (0 h time of attendance + 900 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: Individual decision
Autonomous work: Individual decision
Frequency Individual
Duration One semester
Responsible person Examiner(s) of the Master Thesis

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 36

Mathematical Foundations
Objectives and content Objectives:
The student will be able to use basic mathematical tools to study problems in
Medical Systems Engineering. After attending the lecture, he/she will also be able
to extend their mathematical skills by studying on their own.
Content:
◾ n-dimensional Euclidean space
◾ Matrix algebra
◾ Solving linear equations
◾ Eigenvalues and -spaces
◾ Simple examples of ordinary differential equations
◾ Functions in several variables
◾ Optimization of functions in several variables
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90min
Credit Points 6 CP = 180 h (56 h time of attendance + 124 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Preparing for tutorials and solving homework assignments,
preparing for exam , reading lecture notes and additional material
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. Benjamin Nill (FMA-IAG)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 37

Mathematical Modeling of Physiological Systems

Objectives and content Objectives:

The student will
◾ learn methods for mathematical modeling of physiological systems
◾ from 1st principles based on fundamental physical and chemical relations
◾ learn different methods and tools for computer simulation of physiological
◾ system with application to selected subsystems
◾ gain a fundamental understanding of the dynamics of the considered subsys-
tems by means of targeted simulation experiments
◾ be able to transfer the methodology to other physiological systems in the
frame of future research projects
Content:
◾ cardio vascular system
◾ control of cell volume and electrical properties of cell membranes
◾ signal transduction in nerve cells
◾ signal transduction in the retina
◾ signal transduction in the ear/ ear implants
◾ population balance modelling of cellular systems
Literature [1] Hoppensteadt, F.C.; Peskin, C.S.: Modeling and Simulation in Medicine and
the Life Sciences, Springer, Berlin, 2002.
[2] Keener, J.; Sneyd, J.: Mathematical Physiology, Springer, Berlin, 1998.
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Tutorial certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Oral examination
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Post processing of lectures and preparation of computer
exercises
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Achim Kienle (FEIT-IFAT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 38

Medical Measurement Technology

Objectives and content Objectives:

The lecture addresses two main topics:
The students acquire knowledge of the fundamentals of chemical and biological
sensors and their application in medicine. Upon completion of the module, they
will understand modern principles of chemical and biochemical sensors, including
signal sources, signal propagation, and detection. Students will be able to apply
chemical and biochemical sensors in hospital practice, point-of-care medicine, am-
bient assisted living, and interdisciplinary science. Furthermore, they will gain basic
knowledge in the design of sensors and sensor systems.
Students will also learn the basic concepts and principles of ultrasonic sensors,
as well as the characteristics and requirements of ultrasonic sensors for imaging.
By the end of the module, they will be able to design ultrasonic sensors and apply
the physics behind signal analysis for ultrasonic imaging. They will be able to join
interdisciplinary groups working on ultrasound imaging and develop new sensors and
imaging techniques.
Content:
Chemical and biological sensors
◾ Introduction
◾ Transduction Phenomena
◾ (Bio-)Chemical Sensor Characteristics
◾ Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors
◾ Optical Sensors
◾ Acoustic Sensors
Ultrasonic sensors for imaging
◾ Principles of generation and detection of ultrasound
◾ Fundamentals of acoustic wave propagation
◾ Methods of signal optimization and signal extraction
◾ New trends in ultrasonic sensor development and imaging principles
Literature [1] Peter Gründler, Chemical Sensors An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers,
Springer Link
[2] Ghenadii Korotcenkov: Chemical Sensors, Vol 1: General Approaches (Sensor
Technology), Momentum press 2010
[3] J. Fraden, Chemical and Biological sensors, Chapter 18 from Handbook of Mod-
ern Sensors (pp 645-697)
[4] Florinel-Gabriel Banica: Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: Fundamentals and
Applications, Wiley & Sons, by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
[5] Watson, J., Chemical Sensors 1-6, Momentum Press 2010.
[6] Sanches, J.M., Ultrasound Imaging: Advances and Applications, Springer 2012,
dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1180-2.
[7] Scabo, T.L., Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging, Elsevier, 2007.
Language English
Teaching Lecture
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90 min
(continued on the next page)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 39

 (continued)

Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)

Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS lecture chemical and biological sensors , 2 SWS
lecture ultrasonic sensors for imaging
Autonomous work: Post processing of lectures, preparation of exam
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrike Steinmann (FEIT-IFAT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 40

Medical Visualization
Objectives and content Objectives:
◾ An understanding of medical diagnosis and treatment with 3D volume data
◾ An understanding of perceptual issues in interpreting medical volume data,
presented in 2D and 3D displays
◾ An understanding of user needs in selected diagnostic and treatment planning
tasks
Content:
◾ Introduction to medical image processing and analysis
◾ Surface rendering of medical volume data
◾ Web-based 3D visualization of medical volume data
◾ Volume rendering
◾ Advanced transfer functions
◾ Visualization of vascular structures
◾ Virtual endoscopy
◾ Illustrative medical visualization
◾ Interaction techniques with 3D visualizations of medical volume data
◾ Visual exploration of blood flow data
The individual lectures explain algorithms along with specific applications. Diag-
nosis of (cardio-) vascular diseases and treatment of cancer patients are the key
applications discussed in most of the lectures.
Literature Bernhard Preim, Charl P Botha. Visual Computing for Medicine, Second Edition:
Theory, Algorithms, and Applications , Morgan Kaufmann, 2013
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Tutorial certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Preparation of the lectures and tutorials, preparation of the
exam
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Bernhard Preim (FIN-ISG)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 41

Methods of MRI
Objectives and content Objectives:
◾ Understanding of magnetic resonance principle
◾ Knowledge of spatial encoding in MR
◾ Knowledge of different MR measurement methods
◾ Understanding of MR reconstruction principles
◾ Understanding of physical and technical possibilities and limitations
◾ Ability to apply knowledge for simple modifications of MR sequences
Content:
◾ MR signal generation
◾ MR signal evolution (Bloch equation)
◾ MR measurement parameters
◾ Spatial encoding
◾ MR measurement methods (sequences)
◾ MR reconstruction
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites Bachelor in Electrical Engineering, physics or related subjects, Basics of physics,
mathematics and imaging systems
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Tutorial certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: recapitulation of courses, preparation of exercises and exam
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Oliver Speck (FNW-IEP)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 42

Microfluidics: Theory and Applications

Objectives and content Objectives:

The student will:
◾ be trained in basic fluid mechanics and the particularities of flows on micro-
scopic spatial scales
◾ learn about areas of applications of microfluidics
◾ obtain solutions from simple numerical techniques
◾ compare analytical solutions with numerical solutions to experience limits and
possibilities of computational fluid mechanics
Content:
◾ Basic concepts in microfluidics
◾ Simple flows
◽ Hydrostatics
◽ Couette and Poiseuille flows
◽ Stokes Drag
◾ Microfluidic network analysis (hydraulic resistance and compliance)
◾ Capillarity
◾ Electro hydrodynamic
◽ Electroosmosis
◽ Dielectrophoresis
◾ Selected flows in microfluidics
◾ Hele-Shaw geometry
◾ Multiphase flows
◾ Gas bubbles and droplet
◾ Acoustofluidics
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites Bachelor in Electrical Engineering, physics or related subjects, Basics of physics,
mathematics and imaging systems
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Tutorial certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Preparation of the lectures and tutorials, preparation of the
exam
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Claus-Dieter Ohl (FNW-IEP)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 43

Microscopic Methods

Objectives and content Objectives:

Microscopic methods are fundamental for characterizing the structure, surface and
the chemical composition of materials, cells and tissues in order to understand
their behaviours and interactions. Various physical effects can be used both for
imaging of surfaces and for analyzing the structure and/or chemical composition.
Depending on the microscopic method used and the preparation needed, these
are destructive or non-destructive methods. The choice of methods is essentially
determined by the combination of the aim of the investigation and the nature of the
material, cell or tissue. This lecture will focus on the combination of preparation
and the type of microscopic investigation with method-related applications as well
as individual limitations such as detection limits, lateral and spectral resolutions,
qualitative and/or quantitative measurements and others aspects for different types
of microscopy.
Content:
◾ preparation of materials and tissues for microscopy
◾ fundamentals and applications of optical microscopy
◾ fundamentals and applications of electron microscopy
◾ materials characterization and analysis
◾ fluorescence microscopy
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Lab course
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Lab course
Autonomous work: self-study
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Dr.-Ing. Markus Wilke (FMB-IWF)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 44

Mini Research Project

Objectives and content Objectives:

With this module students with interest in research will be prepared for their thesis
and future research work. After completing the module, students are able to solve
complex scientific and engineering research tasks in the field of medical technology
independently, proactively as well as creatively and are able to document and present
their results on a scientifically high level.
Content:
The students work on current research projects in the field of their interest. The
project topic should be related to medical technology. One research assistant of
the respective project supervises the student. The project has to be chosen by the
student. The following topics are possible:
◾ Design and development of medical hardware (e.g. electronic circuits)
◾ Design and development of dedicated algorithms/ software for medical tech-
nology
◾ Design and development of simulators or prototypes (software or hardware)
◾ Development of specific solutions in the field of imaging and image processing
(e.g. x-ray, CT, MRI, PET, US)
The exact task will be defined in consultation with the respective supervisor accord-
ing to the interests of the student.
Literature Depending on the research project
Language English
Teaching None
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Poster presentation
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (0 h time of attendance + 150 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: -
Autonomous work: depending on the project (150 h)
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Supervisor of the Mini Research Project

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 45

MRI Pulse Sequence Design

Objectives and content Objectives:

The attendees get a deeper insight into signal processing of magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI). They will gain knowledge of the fundamental acquisition process,
image reconstruction and pulse sequence design of clinical contrasts. One main sub-
ject will be the new sequence design language MR and its application development
environment (ADE) SketchMR.
Content:
◾ Basic MR physics (excitation, signal, Bloch equations, T1, T2)
◾ MR instrumentation (magnet; transmission: RF system, gradient system;
receiving: receiving coil, gradient system - readout gradient, ADC; digital
MR signal processing)
◾ MR image encoding/reconstruction
◾ MR pulse sequences (MR#, SketchMR)
◾ MR simulation
◾ Inverse problems in MR image reconstruction
Literature [1] Spin Dynamics: Basics of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. 2nd Edition. Wiley,
2008
[2] Understanding NMR Spectroscopy. 2nd Edition. Wiley, 2010
[3] Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences. Academic Press, 2004
Language English
Teaching Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Seminar Work
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 3 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Follow-up and preparation of the seminar, preparation of the
seminar work
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Dr. rer. nat. Stefan Röll (Neoscan Solutions GmbH)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 46

MR System Engineering

Objectives and content Objectives:

This course provides an overview and detailed knowledge of the hardware and soft-
ware architecture of a medical MRI scanner in lectures and in practical sessions.
The OCRA Tabletop MRI scanner and the Flextronic electronics prototyping lab-
oratory provide the possibility to gain hands on experience with a state-of-the-art
MRI systems, and rapid prototyping development. In this course, participants will
team up in small groups. Each group will work on a specific hardware or software
project throughout the semester. This includes project preparation and planning,
hands-on hardware or software development as well as MR measurements through-
out the semester. Hardware projects may include CAD modelling, design of elec-
tronics and printed circuit boards or the programming of microcontrollers. Software
projects are related to low level system communication, scripting and programming
of measurements, graphical user interphase design or MRI sequence programming.
Measurement projects may include the design of measurement protocols and data
generation and processing. The hardware or software prototype or the measurement
results together with a project presentation are the deliverables upon completion.
Content:
◾ MRI basics
◾ MRI scanner system architecture
◾ MRI software architecture, sequence and measurement protocols
◾ MRI system hardware components
◾ Group projects
The maximum number of participating students is restricted to 16.
Literature Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Physical Principles and Sequence Design, Robert
W. Brown, ISBN-10: 3800733056
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended Bachelor in Medical Systems Engineering, physics or related studies, good
prerequisites knowledge in electronics, informatics or mechanics; prior attendance of the lecture
Basics of MR is recommended
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Laboratory certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Project presentation
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: : Project processing and preperation for the presentation
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Oliver Speck (FNW-IEP), Marcus Prier (FNW-IEP)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 47

Nuclear Medicine
Objectives and content Objectives:
The students will learn about the fundamentals of physics, technology and ra-
dionuclides used in nuclear medicine. The course will cover the basics of radioactive
processes and production methods of radiopharmaceuticals. It will then describe the
various applications for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, its measurements,
specific radiation protection measures, quality control and current developments
including theranostics.
Content:
◾ The basic elements of matter
◾ Decay processes
◾ Radiation therapy with radioisotopes
◾ Decay processes
◾ Radiation therapy with radioisotopes
◾ Brief overview on medical imaging with radioisotopes
◾ Tracers principle and development, medical relevant nuclides
◾ Production and quality control of radiopharmaceuticals
◾ Specific tasks for radiation protection
◾ Theranostic principle and personalized therapy
◾ Legal aspects (radiation protection vs. pharmaceutical production)
Literature [1]Radiation Physics for Nuclear Medicine, Ed. Cantone, Hoeschen
[2]Radiation Protection in Nuclear Medicine, Ed. Mattsson, Hoeschen
[3]Imaging in Nuclear Medicine, Ed. Giussani, Hoeschen
[4]Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry, Eds. Vertes, Nagy, Klencsar, Lovas, Rösch
[5]Nuklearmedizin - Qualitätssicherung im Nuklearmedizinischen Labor, Ed. Gilde-
haus
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Exercise, Lab Course
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Exercise, 2 SWS Laboratory course
(block course in semester break)
Autonomous work: Rework of lectures and exercises, preparation of exercises,
preparation and review of the laboratory course
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. C. Hoeschen (FEIT-IMT), Dr. E. Eppard (FME), Dr. A. Hohn (FME)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 48

Orthopedic and sport medicine diagnostic, operative and treatment
applications

Objectives and content Objectives:

◾ Detailed knowledge of diagnostic methods und importance for diagnosis
◾ Detailed knowledge of treatment applications and apparative necessities in
operative orthopedic treatments methods
◾ Knowledge concerning body structure and function of joints and spine
◾ Knowledge of treatment and training modalities for a human body
◾ Understanding of overall functional necessities of operative and conservative
treatment methods
Content:
◾ Diagnostics modalities (X-Ray, EOS, CT, MRI) and value for the diagnosis
◾ Spine: anatomical and functional fundamentals, diagnostic and treatment
modalities, global function
◾ Joints and muscles fundamentals: functional test, training methods and ap-
paratus
◾ Robotics and Virtual Reality: applications in surgery and perioperative use
◾ Peripheral joints: basic anatomy and function
◾ Artificial joints: principal function and materials, basic principles of total joint
replacement, materials
◾ Sports traumatology: basic anatomy and function of ligaments and cartilage,
repair and replacement using autologous and artificial materials
◾ Orthotics: functional braces, unloading of joints, materials
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Seminar, Visitation in the operating room
Prerequisites None
Recommended Basic knowledge of diagnostic and treatment tools in medicine
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 45 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (20 hours lecture attendance, 16 hours visitation operating room,
114 hours of rework and exam preparation)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture
Autonomous work: self-study
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. med. Jörg Franke, Prof. Dr. Christian Stärke, Simon Overkamp
(Zentrum für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Klinikum Magdeburg)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 49

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling

Objectives and content Objectives:

The students will learn how to derive pharmacokinetic compartment models includ-
ing various drugs and administration routes on different complexity scales. Addition-
ally, fundamental knowledge of mass balances, transport phenomena and numerical
simulation methods will be illustrated. The derived models will be implemented in
MATLAB and the model predictions analyzed and discussed.
Content:
◾ Introduction into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling
◾ Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters
◾ Fundamentals for modeling biological and medical systems
◾ Constitutive equations and transport phenomena
◾ Numerical methods for solving differential equations
◾ Methods for optimal experimental design
Literature P. Macheras, A. Iliadis "Modeling in Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics and Phar-
macodynamics: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Approaches"
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended Basic knowledge in MATLAB programming and biological statistics
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Preparation of the lectures and seminars
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christoph Hoeschen (FEIT-IMT), Dr.-Ing. Melanie Fachet
(FEIT-IMT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 50

Planar Medical Imaging Techniques

Objectives and content Objectives:

The course gives an introduction to planar medical imaging technologies. Beside
projectional radiography other relevant planar imaging techniques are presented. For
every imaging technique we will go quickly into the image acquisition and processing
and look at the key technologies that are needed to realize the individual imaging
setups.
Content:
1. X-ray projection radiography
a) Absorption
b) Dark field
c) Phase contrast
2. Optical imaging
a) Microscopy
b) Infrared
c) Coherence
3. Ultrasound and impedance imaging
4. Examples for molecular imaging
a) Magnetic nanoparticle imaging
b) Scintigraphy
Literature [1] Diakides, Medical Infrared Imaging - Principles and Practices (2012)
[2] Plonsey, Bioelectromagnetism - Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and
Biomagnetic Fields (1995)
[3] Paganin, Coherent X-ray Optics (2006)
[4] Scherer, Grating based X-ray phase contrast mammography (2016)
[5] Bushberg, The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging (2011)
[6] Oppelt, Imaging systems for medical diagnostics (2005)
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Exercise, Short Talk
Prerequisites Basics of Medical Image Science
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Short talk
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Exercise + Short Talk
Autonomous work: Preparation of the lectures, exercises and short talk
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christoph Hoeschen (FEIT-IMT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 51

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Objectives and content Objectives:

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique al-
lowing to visualize the 3-dimensional distribution of a targeted metabolic process.
Students will understand the physical and mathematical fundaments of modern PET
and the scientific and technological reason behind novel digital signal and sensor
approaches for PET. They will learn to quantify the performance of a PET system
on the basis of NEMA standards and to conduct a radiomic quantitative analysis
of a PET image.
Content:
◾ Physical principles of PET
◾ Modern reconstruction algorithms for PET
◾ New CMOS sensors and digital electronics
◾ Physical aspects of NEMA standards
◾ Pre-clinical, clinical, brain and proton therapy monitoring PET systems
◾ Radiomics in PET imaging
Literature D. L. Bailey, D. W. Townsend, P. E. Valk, M. N. Maidey, Positron Emission To-
mography, Springer, 2005.
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Oral examination
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Solving homework assignments, Preparing for lectures,
preparing for exam
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semesters
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nicola D’Ascenzo (FEIT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 52

Principles in clinical trials, market introduction and market surveillance of
medical devices
Objectives and content Objectives:
In contrast to pharmaceuticals, no worldwide uniform legally requirements are avail-
able for the approval and CE certification of medical devices. Every manufacturer is
responsible to set up the process and documentation of his medical devices to get
it approved according to defines OECD Guidelines and ISO norms. The regulatory
affair offers an unexpectedly exciting and diverse range of tasks for all students,
especially in small and medium-sized companies. As part of the compulsory elective
module, we want to deepen topics from the field of clinical studies as well as market
introduction and market surveillance in this module.
Content:
The content is based on the specifications for the European CE approval and relevant
DIN ISO specification. It includes following basics of the pre-market phase: Risk
management and assessment, risk-benefit analysis, regulatory affairs manager, tech-
nical documentation, quality management, PDCA cycle, patient safety vs. Customer
satisfaction, clinical evaluation and proof of effectiveness. After the lectures, differ-
ent international admission procedures in the USA, Russia, Brazil, Japan, ASEAN,
Canada, China, India, Saudi Arabia and Mexico will be examined. Therefor we will
build groups of two students to perform a Term work. Content of work are selected
examples to illuminate the approval procedures for different medical device classes
and to address particular regulatory issues. These Term work are presented and dis-
cussed in a short lecture to all students. The homework is 50% of the examination
performance. In addition, an exam is written at the end of the course, which also
accounts for 50% of the total grade.
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Seminar
Prerequisites Attending the module: Introduction to the approval process of medical devices, is
a prerequisite.
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Term paper and its presentation
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 90 min (Term paper and exam each 50% of the final grade)
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (45 h time of attendance + 105 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 1 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: follow-up lecture and exercises - elaboration of term paper
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Dr. Melanie Fachet (FEIT-IMT), Sinja Lagotzki (InLine-Med GmBH), Daniel
Gwinner (Neoscan Solutions GmbH)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 53

Research Project

Objectives and content Objectives:

With this module, particularly high-performing students with interest in research
will be optimally prepared for their thesis and future research work.
After completing the module, students are able to solve complex scientific and
engineering research tasks in the field of medical technology independently, proac-
tively as well as creatively and are able to document and present their results on a
scientifically high level.
Content:
The students work on current research projects in the field of medical technology.
The project topics are scientific-practical and real contemporary issues.
At least one research assistant of the respective project supervises the student.
Depending on the students’ interest, the following topics are possible:
◾ Design and development of medical hardware (e.g. electronic circuits)
◾ Design and development of dedicated algorithms/ software for medical tech-
nology
◾ Design and development of simulators or prototypes (software or hardware)
◾ Development of specific solutions in the field of imaging and image processing
(e.g. x-ray, CT, MRI, PET, US)
The exact task will be defined in consultation with the respective supervisor accord-
ing to the interests of the student.
Literature Depending on the research project
Language English
Teaching None
Prerequisites Completion of all compulsory modules of the first semester; proactive personality;
excellent academic performance during Bachelor and current Master; detailed
application for the research project, acceptance by the examination board
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Presentation & written work
Credit Points 15 CP = 450 h (0 h time of attendance + 450 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: -
Autonomous work: depending on the project (450 h)
Frequency Every winter semester (also during summer if time of matriculation was winter
semester), maximum of 7 students per admission year
Duration Two semesters
Responsible person Supervisor of the Research Project

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 54

Rheologie und Rheometrie

Englischer Titel Rheology and Rheometry

Objectives and content Objectives:
Nach der Teilnahme an diesem Modul beherrschen die Studierenden alle grundsät-
zlichen Konzepte, die für die Beschreibung komplexer Fluide notwendig sind. Sie
kennen die charakteristischen Eigenschaften nicht-Newtonscher Fluide sowie ihre
volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung und die wichtigsten Einsatzgebiete. Sie sind in der
Lage, komplexe Stoffverhalten zu identifizieren, und charakterisieren, und in the-
oretische/numerische Modelle einfließen zu lassen. Teilnehmer werden außerdem
durch praktische Übungen und Praktika in die Lage versetzt, Versuche mit unter-
schiedlichen Rheometern durchzuführen und die Ergebnisse zu interpretieren.
Content:
Sehr viele Flüssigkeiten weisen nicht-Newtonsche Eigenschaften auf. Das Fließver-
halten dieser Stoffe spielt in der Produktionstechnik, der Qualitätssicherung, der Ma-
terialforschung und -entwicklung eine zentrale Rolle. Mit der Vorstellung rheologis-
cher Phänomene beginnend, werden die physikalischen Eigenschaften wie Viskosität
und Elastizität erläutert. Daran schließt sich eine Einteilung und die mathematis-
che Beschreibung der rheologischen Zustandsgleichungen der Medien an. Einfache
laminare rheologische Strömungen werden vorwiegend behandelt.
◾ Grundlagen der Rheologie, Teilgebiete, rheologische Phänomene
◾ Physikalische Grundlagen, Erhaltungssätze
◾ Einfache Deformationsformen, Couette-Strömung
◾ Newtonsche Fluide, Grunddefinition der Viskosität
◾ Scherverdünnende und scherverdickende Fluide, Potenzgesetz
◾ Viskositätsmodelle, Fließgrenze, Bingham-Fluide
◾ Thixotropie und Rheopexie, Reversibilität
◾ Analytische Lösungen, Kapillarviskosimetrie, Weißenberg-Mooney-
Rabinowitsch-Gleichung
◾ Rheologische Messprinzipien, Geräte und Methoden der Rotationsrheometrie
◾ Viskoelastizität, Maxwell-Fluid, komplexe Darstellung
◾ Geräte und Methoden der Oszillationsrheometrie
◾ Reiner-Rivlin-Fluid, verallgemeinerte newtonsche Fluide
◾ Dehnviskosität und Zugversuch, Trouton-Beziehung
◾ Blut-Rheologie
Literature G. Böhme: Strömungsmechanik nichtnewtonscher Fluide, Teubner Verlag
Language Deutsch
Teaching Vorlesung, Übung
Prerequisites Strömungsmechanik, Mechanik
Recommended Keine
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Masterprogramm
Prerequisite for the Keine
admission to any
examination
Examination Mündliche Prüfung
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load 2 SWS Vorlesung, 1 SWS Übung
Frequency Jedes Wintersemester
Duration Ein Semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dominique Thevenin (FVST - LSS)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 55

Scientific Working

Objectives and content Objectives:

The skills that are essential when working as part of scientific team are collaboration
with other team members, presenting results of the work and evaluation of the work
of others. This course aims to strengthen these skills in the students and prepare
them for active collaboration on further scientific projects.
Content:
◾ Prepare 20 min presentation based on the per-reviewed scientific paper from
reputable journal.
◾ Prepare video with his/her delivery of the presentation.
◾ Review presentations of 2 other people.
◾ Respond to the reviewers regarding his/her own presentation.
◾ Deliver the presentation/prepare final video.
◾ Evaluate final presentation of two other students.
Literature
Language English
Teaching Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Seminar presentation and evaluation of the class activities
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 4 SWS Seminar
Frequency Every summer semester (winter semester on demand)
Duration One semester
Responsible person Dr.-Ing. Melanie Fachet (FEIT-IMT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 56

Soft Matter and Microfluidics Lab
Objectives and content Objectives:
The participant will:
◾ be trained in the design, planning and conduction of experiments concerning
soft matter and fluids
◾ autonomously design and produce parts of the experimental setup
◾ work out theoretical background and relationships of the experiment
◾ prepare a scientific lab report and give an oral presentation summarizing the-
ory, experimental strategy, and critically discussing the results
Content:
Experiments on the following topics:
◾ design and production of microfluidic systems with lithographic and maskless
methods (3D FDM printing, laser cutting, stereo lithography)
◾ micro-particle tracking and velocimetry for flow analysis
◾ measurement of diffusion coefficient with optical methods
Design and conduction of one experiment chosen among:
◾ electro-osmosis
◾ non-linear acoustics, acoustic streaming and acoustophoresis
◾ t-channel droplet generator
◾ non-linear bubble oscillator and sonoluminescence
◾ aerosol generation and acoustic levitation
◾ ferrofluidics
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lab Course, Seminar, Lecture
Prerequisites None
Recommended Participation lecture Microfluidics (Prof. Claus-Dieter Ohl), held in the same
prerequisites semester
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Active participation in the course
admission to any
examination
Examination Preparation of a lab protocol, and an oral presentation defending the experimental
data
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 3 SWS
Frequency Every two or three summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Dr. rer. nat. Fabian Reuter (FNW - IfP)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 57

Solution Design in Medical Engineering

Objectives and content Objectives:

The students will:
◾ learn to propose and design a medical engineering related project.
◾ learn about design methodology and previous successful student projects.
◾ be introduced to using 3D design software to draw items which are needed
for their projects.
◾ get to use the Arduino platform to work on small projects in the class.
◾ be introduced to making Android phone App.
◾ present their project to the class and demonstrate its functionalities.
◾ make a website or blog about their project.
Content:
Students will propose, work and present a medical engineering related design project
in a small group. The projects are thematic for each semester. With the support
from the lecturer, the students will learn how to manage their project and their
fellow teammates. They will do prototyping and debugging in a team. They will
document their journey and learning experience in a website or blog. The final
presentation includes live demonstration of their project.
Literature
Language English
Teaching Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended None
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Seminar certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Seminar presentation
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (42 h time of attendance + 108 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 3 SWS Seminar
Autonomous work: Preparation of the seminars and lab project, preparation of the
presentation
Frequency Every semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Georg Rose (FEIT-IMT)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 58

Statistical Methods
Objectives and content Objectives:
The students:
◾ are introduced to basic concepts of inferential statistics,
◾ acquire the ability to select and apply appropriate methods for classical esti-
mation and testing problems,
◾ acquire the ability to translate real-world economic problems into statistical
terms,
◾ are able to relate statistical results back to real-world applications.
Content:
◾ Point and interval estimation
◾ Testing statistical hypotheses
◾ Properties of point estimators
◾ Sampling distributions
◾ Classical estimation and testing procedures for one-sample and two-sample
problems
◾ Goodness of fit tests and tests of independence
◾ Checking distributional assumptions.
Literature Newbold, P.; Carlson, W.; Thorne, B. (2013): Statistics for Business and
Economics. 8 th edition, Pearson: Harlow.
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites None
Recommended Introduction to Probability and Statistics
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 60 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (56 h time of attendance + 94 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: re-working of lectures, autonomous execution of exercises,
preparation of the exam
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. Claudia Kirch (FMA-IMST)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 59

Theoretical Neuroscience I
Objectives and content Objectives:
Introduces theoretical principles of brain function to participants without strong
math and physics background. Helps participants to develop independent judgment
about current theoretical ideas and concepts pertaining to brain function. Gets
participants to apply these concepts in computational exercises. Course objectives
are ambitious, but realistic and helpful for a career in neuroscience or related fields.
Participants do not become theoreticians, but competent to interact productively
with theoreticians.
Content:
Neuroelectronics (Chapters 5 and 6 of D&A): Electrochemical equilibrium and
Nernst equation, equivalent circuits for single-compartment model, leaky integrate-
and-fire model, Hodgkin-Huxley and Connor-Stevens models of action potential,
cable equation and neuron morphology, synaptic potentials and short-term plastic-
ity.
Encoding and decoding (Chapters 1 to 4 of D&A): Tuning curves and re-
ceptive fields, linear systems theory and linear filter models, reverse correlation
methods, signal-detection theory and psychometric function, neurometric function,
choice task performance, population coding, maximum likelihood decoding, Fisher
information, Shannon information and application to neural activity.
Literature [1] Dayan & Abbott, "Theoretical Neuroscience", 2001
[2] Sterrat, Graham, et al., "Principles of Computational Modeling in Neuro-
science", 2011
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites Basic programming skills (Matlab)
Recommended Undergraduate courses in physics, mathematics or engineering, or self-study of
prerequisites Gabbiani & Cox, "Mathematics for Neuroscientists", 2010
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Tutorial certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (70 h time of attendance + 80 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 3 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: programming exercises, exam preparation
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Jochen Braun Ph.D. (FNW-IBIO)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 60

Theoretical Neuroscience II
Objectives and content Objectives:
Introduces theoretical principles of brain function to participants without strong
math and physics background. Helps participants to develop independent judgment
about current theoretical ideas and concepts pertaining to brain function. Gets
participants to apply these concepts in computational exercises. Course objectives
are ambitious, but realistic and helpful for a career in neuroscience or related fields.
Participants do not become theoreticians, but competent to interact productively
with theoreticians.
Content:
Network models (Chapter 7 of D&A): Rate models of network dynamics, linear
models of neural networks, dynamic analysis of state-space, eigenvalue analysis of
steady-states.
Neural plasticity (Chapter 8 of D&A): Types of plasticity, activity-dependent
plasticity, associative learning, models of neural development.
Reinforcement learning (Chapter 9 of D&A): Conditioning, Rescorla-Wagner
rule, temporal-difference learning, policy learning, actor-critic models.
Representational learning (Chapter 10 of D&A): Generative models, K-means,
expectation maximization, principal component analysis, sparse representations, in-
dependent component analysis.
Literature [1] Dayan & Abbott, "Theoretical Neuroscience", 2001
[2] Wilson, "Spikes, Decisions and Actions: the Dynamical Foundations of Neuro-
science", OUP 1999
[3] Sutton & Barto, "Reinforcement Learning: an Introduction", MIT 1999
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Tutorial
Prerequisites Basic programming skills (Matlab)
Recommended Undergraduate courses in physics, mathematics or engineering, or self-study of
prerequisites Gabbiani & Cox, "Mathematics for Neuroscientists", 2010
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the Tutorial certificate
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120 min
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (70 h time of attendance + 80 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 3 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: programming exercises, exam preparation
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Jochen Braun Ph.D. (FNW-IBIO)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 61

Three Dimensional and Advanced Interaction
Objectives and content Objectives:
◾ Understanding the nature and importance of future user interfaces and the
challenges and problems associated with them
◾ Getting to know, analyzing and evaluating technologies, interaction tech-
niques and methods for the development of advanced user interfaces
◾ Ability to select suitable technologies and interaction techniques in the field
of three-dimensional and modern Post-WIMP user interfaces
◾ Ability to critically analyze scientific literature and knowledge of scientific
publishing
◾ Ability to conduct own research on a postgraduate level in the field of ad-
vanced user interfaces
Content:
◾ Introduction to Post-WIMP and Reality-based User Interfaces: 3D-Interaction
Tasks, Devices, 3D-Widgets, 3D UIs
◾ Augmented Reality Interaction
◾ Pen-based Interaction Techniques and Sketching
◾ Multitouch: Technologies, Gestures, Applications
◾ Gestural Interaction: Tracking, Freehand Gestures
◾ Tangible Interaction
◾ Advanced Topics: Gaze-based Interaction, Organic Interfaces, Everywhere
Interfaces
Literature [1] Bowman, Kruijff, Laviola, Jr., Poupyrev: "3D User Interfaces: Theory and
Practice", Addison-Wesley, 2004
[2] Müller-Tomfelde (Ed.): "Tabletops - Horizontal Interactive Displays", Springer,
2010
[3] Saffer: "Designing Gestural Interfaces", O’Reilly Media, 2008
[4] Shaer, Hornecker: "Tangible User Interfaces: Past, Present and Future Direc-
tions". In Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction, 3 (1), 2010
Language English
Teaching Lecture, Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended Interactive Systems lecture, User Interface Engineering lecture
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Written examination 120 min
Credit Points 6 CP = 180 h (56 h time of attendance + 124 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Lecture, 2 SWS Tutorial
Autonomous work: Reworking of the lecture, Working on the seminar exercises,
Exam preparation
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Bernhard Preim (FIN-ISG), Prof. Dr. Christian Hansen
(FIN-ISG)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 62

Tissue Engineering Lab

Objectives and content Objectives:

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that is very application-oriented. In
the lecture: Introduction in Tissue Engineering, you have worked out the theoret-
ical basics and heard about numerous, very different fields of application. In this
practical course, we want to learn preparing hydrogels and applying tissue models
for the risk assessment as well as the necessary molecular evaluation. This course
helps you to decide whether tissue engineering is a field for your master’s thesis.
Content:
We start with the production and material characterization of hydrogels. Then
we will manufacture certified tissue models for testing chemicals. Finally, we carry
out a risk assessment on this tissue model. We will evaluate this assessment with
molecular methods.
Literature
Language English
Teaching Lab Course and Tutorial (Practical course and tutorial in small groups to discuss
results and protocol preparation for final protocol of the risk assessment)
Prerequisites None
Recommended Attending Introduction in Tissue Engineering
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Protocols and final report of the risk assessment
Credit Points 5 CP = 150 h (100 h time of attendance + 50 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 80 hours of present time in the lab (10 full days), 20 hours
exercise for critical review of the experimental data and reports
Autonomous work: 50 hours of independent work (follow-up experiments and
exercises/discussion of the results - elaboration of final report)
Frequency Every summer semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr. rer. biol. hum. Heike Walles (FVST - ICH)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 63

Visual Analytics in Healthcare

Objectives and content Objectives:

Learning objectives and competences to be acquired: This seminar teaches how
combinations of data analysis (clustering, regression analysis, classification rules)
can be combined with methods of interactive visualization, e.g. heat maps, scatter-
plots and time-based visualizations to solve problems in healthcare. The applications
concern clinical medicine (decision support for physicians based on electronic health
records), medical research, e.g. the recognition of undesirable drug effects, the
area of public health, which is concerned, for example, with defining an adequate
data-based reaction to a strong outbreak of an infectious disease, and epidemiol-
ogy, which examines risk factors for the development of diseases on the basis of
observation and cohort studies and thus develops approaches for the prevention of
diseases. All the topics covered are based on real data. The presentations are also
intended to raise awareness of the fact that data quality is never perfect; missing
and partially unreliable or at least inaccurate data are the basis of the analytical
evaluation.
Content:
◾ Overview: Potential and applications of Visual Analytics in Healthcare
◾ Visual Analytics in Public Health
◾ Visual Analytics in Clinical Medicine
◾ Visual Analytics for Detecting Adverse Drug Effects
◾ Visual Analytics in Epidemiology
Literature Workshop volumes of the IEEE Workshop Visual Analytics in Healthcare (since
2010), selected publications of other conferences / magazines in the fields of data
analysis and visualization
Language English
Teaching Seminar
Prerequisites None
Recommended Visualization, Data Mining, Visual Analytics or Information Visualization
prerequisites
Applicability of the module Master program
Prerequisite for the None
admission to any
examination
Examination Seminar presentation
Credit Points 3 CP = 90 h (28 h time of attendance + 62 h autonomous work)
Work load Time of attendance: 2 SWS Seminar
Frequency Every winter semester
Duration One semester
Responsible person Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Bernhard Preim (FIN-ISG)

Master Medical Systems Engineering – Module descriptions 64