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    4541 AizaHashmi
    1) The Mughals, originally from Afghanistan, ruled northern India from the 16th to 18th century. Some key Mughal emperors were Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jehangir, Shah Jehan, and Aurangzeb. 2) In 1525, Babur defeated the Delhi sultan Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat using gunpowder weapons. He then captured Delhi and Agra, establishing Mughal rule over parts of northern India. 3) Babur wrote detailed memoirs called the Baburnama describing people, plants, animals and his views on India. He appreciated aspects of India but missed features of his homeland

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    1) The Mughals, originally from Afghanistan, ruled northern India from the 16th to 18th century. Some key Mughal emperors were Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jehangir, Shah Jehan, and Aurangzeb. 2) In 1525, Babur defeated the Delhi sultan Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat using gunpowder weapons. He then captured Delhi and Agra, establishing Mughal rule over parts of northern India. 3) Babur wrote detailed memoirs called the Baburnama describing people, plants, animals and his views on India. He appreciated aspects of India but missed features of his homeland

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    1) The Mughals, originally from Afghanistan, ruled northern India from the 16th to 18th century. Some key Mughal emperors were Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jehangir, Shah Jehan, and Aurangzeb. 2) In 1525, Babur defeated the Delhi sultan Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat using gunpowder weapons. He then captured Delhi and Agra, establishing Mughal rule over parts of northern India. 3) Babur wrote detailed memoirs called the Baburnama describing people, plants, animals and his views on India. He appreciated aspects of India but missed features of his homeland

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    16 views2 pages

    Page 72

    Uploaded by

    4541 AizaHashmi
    1) The Mughals, originally from Afghanistan, ruled northern India from the 16th to 18th century. Some key Mughal emperors were Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jehangir, Shah Jehan, and Aurangzeb. 2) In 1525, Babur defeated the Delhi sultan Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat using gunpowder weapons. He then captured Delhi and Agra, establishing Mughal rule over parts of northern India. 3) Babur wrote detailed memoirs called the Baburnama describing people, plants, animals and his views on India. He appreciated aspects of India but missed features of his homeland

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    MUGHAL DYNASTY 1 (72-78)

    -Page 72(The Dynasty Of The Mighty Mughals)


    The mughals were considered as foreign rulers since they were originally Muslims from
    Afghanistan. They ruled northern India from 16th - 18th century. Mughal comes from the
    Arabic word Mongol who were mughals that converted to Islam.
    Babur (1483-1530)
    Humayun(1508-1556)
    Akbar(1542-1605)
    Jehangir(1569-1627)
    Shah Jehan(1592-1666)
    Aurangzeb(1618-1707)
    The Power Of The Tiger
    Zahir ud din Muhammad was born in 1483 , Central Asia ( descendant of Timur).He was
    nicknamed Babur because of his bravery , fierceness and courage in battle. He was a brave
    warrior and had a love for poetry and nature. He thought that since Timur had ruled India
    nearly a century ago he had a right to rule the land. So in 1504 he captured Kabul in
    Afghanistan and made it a base to attack India/Hindustan.

    -Page 73(New Ways Meet Old - Battle Of Paniput)


    In November of 1525 , Babur accompanied by Humayun(17) with 12,000 man army crossed
    the Hindu Kush and entered Punjab where the crossed the Indus River and reached
    Paniput(north of delhi) and met met Ibrahim Lodi’s 100,000 men army with 100
    elephants.They fought for 1 whole day and in the end 20,000 Hindustanis including Ibrahim
    lay dead, Babur won because of the use of firearms and weapon powered by gunpowder
    (matchlock pistols , field guns and seige canons) which scared the horses and elephants.

    -Page 75(Babur, The Emperor Establishes His Power)


    After the battle of Paniput , Babur’s men wanted to return back to central Asia because it was
    too hot , and foo was scarce in India but Babur convinced them stay ad the quickly captured
    Delhi and Agra and Babur declared himself as ruler of India.however, this didn’t mean he had
    entire control over the lands. IN 1527 he fought against the powerful Rajasthan Princes and
    the 2 years later he fought against Muhammad Lodi’s amry at Patna.Only after this was when
    Babur built Agra as his capital , made his 3 sons incharge of provinces and Muslims and
    Hindus as local administrators to collect taxes.
    Babur's Memoirs
    We know about Babur’s reign because he kept a record of it which was then translated from
    Turkish to Persian by Akbar.It is now called the Baburnama and it describes people , plants,
    animals in a lively style and Babur has stated that he has written only the truth.We also learn
    about his love of nature , reading an poetry. It is said that he would uphold a military
    campaign just to admire a flower or bird. He has written about India’s wildlife , flowers and
    birds and explained 5 kinds of parrots and how bananas grow.

    -Page 76(What Babur Thought About India)


    He writes about how India had ocean enclosing it from the west , south and east and from the
    north it had the hindukush , Kashmir and kafiristan and from the north west it had Kabul ,
    ghazni and Qhander. He appreciated it’s fresh air , skilful craftsmen but complained about
    lack of dogs , grapes , muskmelons and ice/ cold water , but he didn’t return to central Asia
    because he had to organize administrations in the provinces One day a musk melon was
    brought o him and he said that he couldn’t help but shed tears as he ate it since it reminded
    him of his home land.
    The Death Of Babur
    In 1530 he fell seriously ill and when his son Humayun rushed to his side he fell ill too. It is
    said that Babur paced around the room 3 times praying that his life be taken and let Humayn’s
    be saved and that is what happened , and later that year aged 48 Babur died. He was buried in
    MUGHAL DYNASTY 1 (72-78)
    the banks of river Yamuna at Agra but in 1540 moved to a small memorial building in Kabul.

    -Page 77(The Mughal Emperor - Humayun)


    He succeeded Babur in 1530 and ruled twice from 1530-1540 and 1555-1556. Although he
    was a brave warrior he was not a good military leader like his father and preferred luxuries
    and fests rather than attending to his public duties and was slow on making decisions
    regarding empire administrations.He studied geography and astrology and applied them into
    his government , dividing it into 4 part earth , water , fire and air so agriculture would be part
    of the earth government and he also assigned planets to each day f the week like Tuesday was
    given mars.Soon Afghan nobles gt angry that the Mughals had taken their land and rose up
    against Humayun. In 1539 and 1540 Humayun was defeated buy Sher Khan Suri a Muslim
    general. After this Humayun lost all his lands and was sent to exile for 15 years leaving his
    wife alone who gave birth to Emperor Akbar in 1542 , Sindh.

    -Page 78(The Rule Of Sher Shah)


    Meanwhile Sher Shah expanded his lands , driving his enemies from Punjab and controlling
    the north west frontier.He ruled form 1540 - 1545 and in his short reign he improved
    agriculture , reorganized money system , built wells , roads and rest house but he died in 1545
    by accidental shooting of a canon. In 1552 his son Islam Shah became emperor of Northern
    India and ruled for 9 years.
    Humayun’s Victory And Death
    In 1554 after death of Islam Shah , the Suri kingdom was in disorder giving Humayan a
    chance to re claim his throne and he did so as he entered Delhi with his son Akbar and
    making it the capital. He reoragnised the whole empire but 6months after he died because he
    fell from his library stairs.

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