MAT2005 Linear Algebra

Module 5 : Problems

Dr. Aswathy R K
Department of Mathematics
School of Advanced Sciences
Vellore Institute of Technology – Andhra Pradesh
Outline

 Problems

o Linear Transformation

o Matrix Representation

o Rank Nullity Theorem

Module 4 : Problems
Linear Transformation
T: V → W such that T(ax + by) = aT(x) + bT(y), for all vectors x and y in V and
for all scalars a and b.
Note that V and W are vector spaces over the same field (Real or Complex)

Module 4 : Problems
Module 4 : Problems
(a) T(1, -2, 3)
x1 = 1, x2 = -2, x3 = 3
T(1, -2, 3) = (1 – 3, 1 + (-2), 3 – (-2), 1 – 2* (-2)) = (-2, -1, 5, 5).

Module 4 : Problems
(a) T(1, -2, 3)
x1 = 1, x2 = -2, x3 = 3
T(1, -2, 3) = (1 – 3, 1 + (-2), 3 – (-2), 1 – 2* (-2)) = (-2, -1, 5, 5).
(b) T(x1, x2, x3) = (8, 9, -5, 0)
(x1 – x3, x1 + x2, x3 – x2, x1 – 2x2) = (8, 9, -5, 0)
x1 – x3 = 8 x1 + x2 = 9
x1 = 6 x2 = 3 x3 = -2
x3 – x2 = -5 x1 – 2x2 = 0

Module 4 : Problems
Homework

Module 4 : Problems
Step 1 : Express (5, 1, -1) as a linear combination of (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0) and (0, 0, 1).
(5, 1, -1) = 5*(1, 0, 0) + 1*(0, 1, 0) + (-1)*(0, 0, 1)
Step 2:
T(5, 1, -1) = T(5*(1, 0, 0) + 1*(0, 1, 0) + (-1)*(0, 0, 1))
= 5*T(1, 0, 0) + 1*T(0, 1, 0) + (-1)*T(0, 0, 1)
= 5*(1, -3/2, 2) + 1*(-3, 9/2, -6) + (-1)*(2, -3, 4) = (0, 0, 0).
Module 4 : Problems
Module 4 : Problems
T(0, 0, 0) = (0, 1, 0) ≠ (0, 0, 0) . Linear Transformations map zero to zero.

Module 4 : Problems
T(0, 0, 0) = (0, 1, 0) ≠ (0, 0, 0) . Linear Transformations map zero to zero.

T(3, -19, 7, -8) = 3*T(a) - 21*T(b) + 26*T(c) – 15*T(d) = 0 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) ≠ (1, 1, 1, -3, 6, 2, 5) .

Module 4 : Problems
T(0, 0, 0) = (0, 1, 0) ≠ (0, 0, 0) . Linear Transformations map zero to zero.

T(3, -19, 7, -8) = 3*T(a) - 21*T(b) + 26*T(c) – 15*T(d) = 0 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) ≠ (1, 1, 1, -3, 6, 2, 5) .

T(-2, -2) = T(-2.(1, 1)) = -2*T(1, 1) = -2.(3, -6) = (-6, 12) ≠ (-6, 3).

Module 4 : Problems
Matrix Representation of a Linear Transformation
T: V → W such that T(ax + by) = aT(x) + bT(y).
{v1, v2, v3, …, vn}: A basis for V
{w1, w2, w3, …, wm}: A basis for W
a11 a12 a13 ... a1n 
T(v1) = a11w1 + a21w2 + a31w3 + … +am1wm a
 21 a22 a23 ... a2 n 
T(v2) = a12w1 + a22w2 + a32w3 + … +am2wm a31 a32 a33 ... a3n 
T(v3) = a13w1 + a23w2 + a33w3 + … +am3wm  
[T ]  . 
. . 
.  
. . 
T(vn) = a1nw1 + a2nw2 + a3nw3 + … +amnwm a am 2 am 3 ... amn 
 m1

Module 4 : Problems
T: R2 → R2 such that T(x, y) = (x + 2y, 3x + y). Find the matrix representation w. r. t.

(a) Standard Basis (b) {(2, 3), (4, 5)}

(a) T(1, 0) = (1, 3) = 1*(1, 0) + 3*(0, 1)

T(0, 1) = (2, 1) = 2*(1, 0) + 1*(0, 1)

1 2
[T ]  
3 1 

Module 4 : Problems
T: R2 → R2 such that T(x, y) = (x + 2y, 3x + y). Find the matrix representation w. r. t.

(a) Standard Basis (b) {(2, 3), (4, 5)}

(a) T(2, 3) = (8, 9) = -2*(2, 3) + 3*(4, 5)

T(4, 5) = (14, 17) = -1*(2, 3) + 4*(4, 5)

 2 1
[T ]  
3 4 

Module 4 : Problems
T: R2 → R2 such that T(x, y) = (x + 2y, 3x + y). Find the matrix representation where the

domain has basis {(2, 3), (4, 5)} and co-domain has basis {(1, 0), (0, 1)}.

(a) T(2, 3) = (8, 9) = 8*(1, 0) + 9*(0, 1)

T(4, 5) = (14, 17) = 14*(1, 0) + 17*(0, 1)

8 14
[T ]  
9 17

Module 4 : Problems
Homework

T: R2 → R2 such that T(x, y) = (x + 2y, 3x + y). Find the matrix representation where the

domain has basis {(1, 0), (0, 1)} and co-domain has basis {(2, 3), (4, 5)}.

Module 4 : Problems
T: V → W such that T(ax + by) = aT(x) + bT(y)

Range or Image of T: Im(T) = R(T) = {T(v): v is an element of V} – Subspace of W

Null Space or Kernal of T: Ker(T) = N(T) = {v in V: T(v) = 0} – Subspace of V

Rank: Rank(T) = dim (R(T))

Nullity: Nullity(T) = dim (N(T))

Rank Nullity Theorem: Rank(T) + Nullity(T) = dim(V)

Module 4 : Problems
Module 4 : Problems
Module 4 : Problems
Module 4 : Problems
Module 4 : Problems
Homework

Module 4 : Problems
Thank You…

Module 4 : Problems