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Module 5

The case protects the electronics of a computer or mobile device. The motherboard is the main circuit board that contains the processor, which interprets and executes instructions. The processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit and may have multiple cores on a single chip. It requires cooling systems like heat sinks to prevent overheating. Memory temporarily stores instructions, data, and results and comes in volatile and nonvolatile types like RAM and ROM. Buses allow components to communicate via transmitting addresses, data, and instructions. Power supplies convert alternating current to direct current to power devices.

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13 views3 pages

Module 5

The case protects the electronics of a computer or mobile device. The motherboard is the main circuit board that contains the processor, which interprets and executes instructions. The processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit and may have multiple cores on a single chip. It requires cooling systems like heat sinks to prevent overheating. Memory temporarily stores instructions, data, and results and comes in volatile and nonvolatile types like RAM and ROM. Buses allow components to communicate via transmitting addresses, data, and instructions. Power supplies convert alternating current to direct current to power devices.

Uploaded by

John Angelo Era
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The case contains and protects the electronics of the computer or mobile device from damage.

The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer.

A computer chip is a small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits
are etched.

The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer.

A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or more separate processor cores.

CPU Contains:

 Control Unit
 Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations
in the computer.

The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), another component of the processor, performs arithmetic, comparison,
and other operations.

The processor contains registers that temporarily hold data and instructions.

The system clock controls the timing of all computer operations.

Clock Speed

Gigahertz (GHz)

The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Intel and AMD

A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to malfunction or fail

Require additional cooling

 Heat sinks
 Liquid Cooling Technology
 Cooling Pads

Analog Signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality

Digital signals are in one of two states: ON and OFF

 Most computers are digital


 The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
 Bits and Bytes
 One byte consists of 8 bits.

Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions


waiting to be executed by the processor

 Data needed by those instructions


 The results of processing the data

Stores three basic categories of items:

 The operating system and other programs


 Applications
 Data being processed and the resulting information

Each byte resides temporarily in a location in memory that has an address

Memory size commonly is measured in gigabytes. (GB)

Computers and mobile devices contain two types of memory:

 Volatile memory
o Loses its contents when power is turned off
o Example includes RAM
 Nonvolatile Memory
o Does not lose contents when power is removed
o Example includes ROM, flash memory, and CMOS

Two common types of RAMs exist:

 Dynamic RAM (DRAM)


 Static RAM (SRAM)

RAM chips usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots

Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and
data

Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions

 Firmware

Flash memory can be erased electronically and rewritten

 CMOS technology uses battery power to retain information when the power of the computer is
off

Access time is the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory

 Measured in nanoseconds

An adapter card enhances functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides
connections to peripheral devices

 Sound card and Video Card

An expansion slot is a socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold and adapter card
With Plug and Play technology, the computer automatically can recognize peripheral devices as you
install them

A USB adapter enhances functions of a mobile computer and/or provides connections to peripheral
devices

A bus allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with one
another

 Data bus
 Address bus

Word size is the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

A computer might have these three types of buses:

 System bus
 Backside bus
 Expansion bus

The power supply of laptop AC adapter converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power

 Mobile computers and devices can run using either a power supply or batteries
 Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium- ion batteries

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