10

TLE/TVL–COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING

1st Quarter, Week 6
S.Y. 2021-2022

09264273799/[email protected]
FB Account: Johndy Abarquez Ruloma

Quarter 1 Week: 6 Day 1 Activity 20

Competency Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices
(TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-IIa-j-30)
Objective State the classifications of Operating System
Topic Classification of Operating System

Copyright For classroom use only – DepEd owned

Concept Notes:
Operating Systems can be classified according to how they work. For instance
real-time operating system, multi-user operating system, multi-tasking operating
system, distributed operating system and embedded operating systems.

Classification of Operating System:

1. MULTI-USER- allows two or more users to run programs at the same time.
Some operating system permits hundreds or even thousands of concurrent
users. A multiuser system is one that can be used by more than one user. The
system provides an environment in which many users can use the system at the
same time or exclusively at different times. Each user can execute her
 applications without any concern about what other users are doing in the
system.
2. MULTIPROCESSING- supports running a program on more than
one CPU. A multiprocessor system (also known as multitasking system)
is one that executes many processes concurrently (simultaneously or in an
interleaved fashion). In a uniprocessor system, when the lone process executes
a wait operation, the processor would sit idle and waste its time until the
process comes out of the wait state. The objective of multiprocessing is to have
a process running on the processor at all times, doing purposeful work.
3. MULTITASKING- allows more than one program to run at the same time.

4. MULTITHREADING- allows different parts of a single program to run at the

same time. A thread is an independent strand that executes a program
concurrently with other threads within the context of the same process. A
thread is a single sequential flow of control within a program execution. Each
thread has a beginning, a sequence of instruction executions, and an end. At
any given point of time, there is one single point of execution in each thread.
A thread is not a process by itself. It cannot run on its own; it always runs
within a process.
5. REAL TIME- responds to input instantly.
6. ONLINE PROCESSING- It is an individual processing system in which
the task is processed on individual basis as soon as they are provided by the
user. It has features like:
➢ Individual task is processed at a time
➢ User can provide input in between processing
➢ It is appropriate when all inputs ate not known in advance
➢ It doesn’t require large memory
➢ CPU ideal time is more
➢ Monitor is appropriate output device
➢ It is modern processing technique and mostly used in present

Exercise 1

1. What are the five classifications of operating system? Explain each

classification.
 Quarter 1 Week: 6 Day 2 Activity 21
Competency Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices
(TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-IIa-j-30)
Objective Determine the types of computer memory and its functions
Topic Computer memory

Copyright For classroom use only – DepEd owned

Concept Notes:
The computer memory is a temporary storage area. It holds the data and
instructions that the Central Processing Unit (CPU) needs. Before a program can be
run, the program is loaded from some storage medium into the memory. This allows
the CPU direct access to the program. Memory is a need for any computer.

There are basically two kinds of internal memory: ROM and RAM.
• ROM stands for read-only memory. It is non-volatile, which means it can retain
data even without power. It is used mainly to start or boot up a computer.
• RAM, which stands for random-access memory, which temporarily stores data
while the central processing unit (CPU) is executing other tasks. With more
RAM on the computer, the less the CPU has to read data from the external or
secondary memory (storage device), allowing the computer to run faster. RAM is
fast but it is volatile, which means it will not retain data if there is no power. It is
therefore important to save data to the storage device before the system is turned
off.

There are two main types of RAM: Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and Static RAM
(SRAM).
• DRAM (pronounced DEE-RAM), is widely used as a computer’s main memory.
Each DRAM memory cell is made up of a transistor and a capacitor within an
integrated circuit, and a data bit is stored in the capacitor. Since transistors
always leak a small amount, the capacitors will slowly discharge, causing
information stored in it to drain; hence, DRAM has to be refreshed (given a new
electronic charge) every few milliseconds to retain data.
• SRAM (pronounced ES-RAM) is made up of four to six transistors. It keeps data
in the memory as long as power is supplied to the system unlike DRAM, which
has to be refreshed periodically. As such, SRAM is faster but also more
expensive, making DRAM the more prevalent memory in computer systems.

What are the common types of DRAM?

 • Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) “synchronizes” the memory speed with CPU
clock speed so that the memory controller knows the exact clock cycle when the
requested data will be ready. This allows the CPU to perform more instructions at
a given time. Typical SDRAM transfers data at speeds up to 133 MHz.
• Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) takes its name after the company that made it,
Rambus. It was popular in the early 2000s and was mainly used for video game
devices and graphics cards, with transfer speeds up to 1 GHz.
• Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM) is a type of synchronous memory
that nearly doubles the bandwidth of a single data rate (SDR) SDRAM running at
the same clock frequency by employing a method called "double pumping,"
which allows transfer of data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock
signal without any increase in clock frequency.
• DDR1 SDRAM has been succeeded by DDR2, DDR3, and most
recently, DDR4 SDRAM. Although operating on the same principles, the
modules are not backward-compatible. Each generation delivers higher transfer
rates and faster performance. The latest DDR4 modules, for example, feature fast
transfer rates at 2133/2400/2666and even 3200 MT/s.

Figure 1. Types of computer memory

What are the types of DRAM packages?

• Single In-Line Memory Module (SIMM)
SIMM modules were widely used from the late 1980s to 1990s, and are now
obsolete. They typically had 32-bit data bus and were available in two physical
types—30- and 72-pin.
 • Dual In-Line Memory Module (DIMM)
Current memory modules come in DIMMs. "Dual in-line" refers to pins on both
sides of the modules. A DIMM originally had a 168-pin connector supporting 64-
bit data bus, which is twice the data width of SIMMs. The wider bus means that
more data can pass through a DIMM, translating to faster overall performance.
Latest DIMMs based on fourth-generation double data rate (DDR4)
SDRAM have 288-pin connectors for increased data throughput.

Activity: Answer briefly

1. What is computer memory?

2. RAM stands for
3. ROM stands for
4. What are the types of memory modules?

Quarter 1 Week: 6 Day 3 Activity 22

Competency Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices
(TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-IIa-j-30)
Objective Know the different characteristic of operating system.
Topic Characteristics of Operating System

Copyright For classroom use only – DepEd owned

Concept Notes:

Characteristics of Operating System

The Operating systems are different according to the three primary
characteristics which are licensing, software compatibility, and complexity.
LICENSING
There are basically three kinds of Operating systems. One is Open Source OS,
another is
Free OS and the third is Commercial OS.
 ➢ Open Source operating system which means that anyone can
download and modify it for example Ubuntu etc.
➢ A Free OS doesn’t have to be open source. They are free to download
and use but cannot modify them. For example, Google owns Chrome
OS and makes it free to use.
➢ Commercial Operating Systems are privately owned by companies
that charge money for them.
Examples include Microsoft Windows and Apple MAC OS. These
require paying for the right
(or license) to use their Operating systems.

SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY
The developers make the software’s which may be compatible or
incompatible in different versions within the same operating system’s type but they
can’t be compatible with the other OS types. Every OS type have their own
software compatibility.

COMPLEXITY
Operating systems come in basically two editions one is 32-bit and other is 64-
bit editions. The 64-bit edition of an operating system best utilizes random access
memory (RAM). A computer with a 64-bit CPU can run either a 32-bit or a 64-bit
OS, but a computer with a 32-bit CPU can run only a 32-bit OS.

Answer briefly.

1. What are the characteristic of the operating system? Explain in your own
understanding each
characteristic.
2. What are the kinds of operating system?
 Quarter 1 Week: 6 Day 4 Activity 24
Competency Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices
(TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-IIa-j-30)
Objective Know the different storage drives in computer system.
Topic Storage drives
Copyright For classroom use only – DepEd owned

Concept Notes:
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media.

➢ The drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from
a media disk.
➢ Storage drives can be installed inside the computer case, such as a hard drive.
➢ Some storage drives can connect to the computer using a USB port, a FireWire
port, or an SCSI port.

Types of storage drives:

1. Floppy drive- A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses
removable 3.5-inch floppy disks. These magnetic floppy disks can store 720
KB or 1.44 MB of data. A 5.25-inch floppy drive is older technology and is
seldom used.
2. Hard drive - A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that
is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage
for data.
3. USB Flash Drive - Also known as a thumb drive, pen drive, flash-drive,
memory stick, jump drive, and USB stick, the USB flash drive is a flash
memory data storage device that incorporates an integrated USB interface.
4. Secure Digital Card (SD Card) - A common type of memory card, SD cards
are used in multiple electronic devices, including digital cameras and mobile
phones.
5. Optical drive - An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read
data on the optical media.
There are three types of optical drives:
▪ Compact Disc (CD),
▪ Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
▪ Blu-ray Disc (BD).
Note: CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable
(write once), or re-writable
 (read and write multiple times).

6. External Flash drive- An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive,
is a removable storage device that connects to a USB port.

Types of Drive Interfaces

1. IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology

Attachment (ATA). An IDE interface uses a 40-pin connector.

2. SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA

drive controller interface. A SATA interface uses a 7-pin
data connector.

3. SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface

that can connect up to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and
external drives. An SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin
connector.

Direction: Answer directly what is ask for.

1. What are the types of storage drives?

2. Floppy Drives can store mb data.
3. Size of Floppy drive.
4. IDE interface uses pin connector.
5. SATA interface uses a pin data connector.
6. The other term of External Flash drive.
7. It is common type of cards are used in multiple electronic devices, including
digital cameras and mobile