(eBook PDF) Diversity Amid

Globalization: World Regions,

Environment, Development 7th Edition
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebooksecure.com/download/ebook-pdf-diversity-amid-globalization-world-regio
ns-environment-development-7th-edition/
 Worried about making the grade? Diversity Amid
Globalization
Don’t be! With MasteringGeography you can get the help you need to
TM

master challenging world regional geography concepts and vocabulary

in the most efficient ways possible without sweating it!

Diversity Amid Globalization

World Regions, Environment, Development
MasteringGeographyTM includes:
A Study Area with practice quizzes, Videos, MapMaster GIS-inspired interactive
maps, Quadcopter Videos, Mobile Field Trips, Animations, as well as flashcards,
In the News articles, and much more to help you get the best grade in the course.
World Regions, Environment, Development
7TH E D I T I O N
Dynamic Study Modules use data and analytics to personalize geography
content to target your particular strengths and weaknesses. DSMs can be
accessed from any computer, tablet, or smartphone.

Pearson eText 2.0 gives you access to the book whenever and wherever on
your smartphones or tablets, and now you can get offline access with Pearson’s
eText 2.0 mobile app.

Study smarter, not harder, with ! www.masteringgeography.com

ROWNTREE LEWIS PRICE WYCKOFF
Scan this code to preview Want to know what is
MasteringGeographyTM media! happening on the cover?
Open to the title page
to find out!

https://goo.gl/cDJEmR

7 T H EDITION

ROWNTREE LEWIS
PRICE WYCKOFF
Please visit us at www.pearsonhighered.com for more
information. To order any of our products, contact our
customer service department at (800) 824-7799, or
(201) 767-5021 outside of the U.S., or visit your campus www.masteringgeography.com
bookstore. www.pearsonhighered.com

ISBN-13: 978-0-13-453942-3
ISBN-10: 0-13-453942-7
9 0 0 0 0

9 780134 539423

ROWN9423_07_cvrmech.indd 1 02/12/16 9:28 AM

 ...with MasteringGeography™

DURING CLASS
Engage students with Learning Catalytics “My students are so busy and
What has Teachers and Students excited? engaged answering Learning
Learning Catalytics, a “bring your own device” Catalytics questions during the
student engagement, assessment, and classroom lecture that they don’t have time
intelligence system, allows students to use their
smartphone, tablet, or laptop to respond to
for Facebook.”
questions in class. With Learning Catalytics, you Declan De Paor, Old Dominion University
can:

• Assess students in real-time using open ended

question formats, including sketching, ranking,
image upload, and word clouds, to uncover
student misconceptions and adjust a lecture
accordingly.
• Automatically create groups for peer instruction
based on student response patterns, to optimize
discussion productivity.

A02_ROWN9423_07_SE_WALK.indd 7 12/16/16 5:39 AM

 Continuous Learning
Before, During, and After Class...

AFTER CLASS
Easy to Assign, Customizable, Media-Rich, and Automatically Graded Assignments

NEW! Geography Videos from

sources such as the BBC, Financial Times,
and Television for the Environment’s Life
and Earth Report series are included in
MasteringGeography. These videos provide
students with a sense of place with applied
real-world examples of geography in
action, and allow students to explore a
range of locations and topics.

NEW! MapMaster 2.0 Interactive

Map ­Activities are inspired by GIS,
allowing students to layer various themat-
ic maps to analyze spatial patterns and
data at regional and global scales. Now
fully mobile, with enhanced analysis tools,
such as split screen, the ability for stu-
dents to geolocate themselves in the data,
and the ability for students to upload
their own data for advanced map making.
This tool includes zoom, and annotation
functionality, with hundreds of map layers
leveraging recent data from sources such
as the PRB, the World Bank, NOAA, NASA,
USGS, United Nations, the CIA, and more.

NEW! Mobile Field Trip Videos

have students accompany photogra-
pher and pilot Michael Collier in the
air and on the ground to explore
the processes and stories of iconic
landscapes in North America and
beyond.

A02_ROWN9423_07_SE_WALK.indd 8 12/16/16 5:39 AM

 Chapter                    
9

...with MasteringGeographyTM

UPDATED! GeoTutor Activities help

students master the most challenging geography
concepts with highly visual, kinesthetic activities
focused on critical thinking and the application
of core geography concepts.

UPDATED! Encounter (Google Earth)

Activities provide rich, interactive
explorations of human geography
concepts, allowing students to visualize
spatial data and tour distant places on the
virtual globe.

Map Projections Tutorials

help reinforce and remediate
students on basic but
challenging early map
projection concepts.

A02_ROWN9423_07_SE_WALK.indd 9 12/16/16 5:39 AM

 Resources for YOU, the Instructor
10     Diversity Amid Globalization

MasteringGeographyTM provides you with

everything you need to prep for your course and
deliver a dynamic lecture, in one convenient place.
Resources include:

LECTURE PRESENTATION ASSETS FOR

EACH CHAPTER
• PowerPoint Lecture Outlines
• PowerPoint clicker questions
• Files for all illustrations, tables, and photos from
the text

Measuring Student Learning

Outcomes
All of the MasteringGeography assignable
content is tagged to learning outcomes
from the book, the National Geography
Standards, and Bloom’s Taxonomy.
You also have the ability to add your
TEST BANK own learning outcomes, helping you
• The Test Bank in Word format track student performance against your
specific course goals. You can view class
• TestGen Computerized Test Bank, which
includes all the questions from the
performance against the specified learning
printed Test Bank in a format that allows outcomes and share those results quickly
you to easily and intuitively build exams and easily by exporting to a spreadsheet.
and quizzes

TEACHING RESOURCES
• Instructor Resource Manual in Microsoft
Word and PDF formats
• Pearson Community Website
(https://communities.pearson.com/
northamerica/s/)
• Goode’s World Atlas, 23rd Edition

A02_ROWN9423_07_SE_WALK.indd 10 12/16/16 5:39 AM

 Diversity Amid
Globalization
World Regions, Environment, Development
7 TH E D I T I O N

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 11 12/16/16 10:18 PM

 About the cover: The new Train Night Market Ratchada in Bangkok, Thailand illustrates the themes
of this book: diversity and globalization. Bangkok is a highly diverse and cosmopolitan metropolitan
area, home to more than 14 million people, and generates almost half of Thailand’s economic output,
much of it through exports. International tourism also features heavily in the local economy, and
many tourists join local shoppers in this bustling market. Most visit the market’s many inexpensive
food stalls, which provide such international fare as sushi and pizza but also feature local street-food
specialties, including Noodle Jompalang and Midnight Pangyen. The more adventuresome visitors
might want to sample selections of fried beetles and other insects. Such dishes are widely regarded
as delicacies in Thailand, although they seldom feature in Thai restaurants found outside the country.
Globalization may be ubiquitous, but it has its limits.

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 12 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 Diversity Amid
Globalization World Regions, Environment, Development
7 TH E D I T I O N

LES ROWNTREE MARTIN LEWIS MARIE PRICE WILLIAM WYCKOFF

University of California, Berkeley Stanford University George Washington University Montana State University

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 13 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 Executive Editor, Geosciences Courseware: Christian Botting Art Coordinator: Kevin Lear, International Mapping
Director, Courseware Portfolio Management: Beth Wilbur Design Manager: Mark Ong
Content Producer: Brett Coker Cover and Interior Designer: Jeff Puda
Managing Producer: Michael Early Rights & Permissions Project Manager: Laura Perry,
Courseware Director, Content Development: Ginnie Simione Jutson Cenveo ­Publishing Services
Development Editor: Veronica Jurgena Rights & Permissions Management: Ben Ferrini
Geosciences Courseware Editorial Assistant: Emily Bornhop Photo Researcher: Kristin Piljay
Senior Content Producer: Tim Hainley Manufacturing Buyer: Maura Zaldivar-Garcia,
Rich Media Content Producer: Mia Sullivan LSC Communications
Full-Service Compositor: SPi Global Executive Product Marketing Manager: Neena Bali
Full-Service Project Manager: Michelle Gardner Senior Field Marketing Manager: Mary Salzman
Copyeditor: Melanie Brown Marketing Assistant: Ami Sampat
Cartography and Illustrations: International Mapping Cover Photo Credit: Thapakorn Karnosod / Getty Images
Copyright © 2018, 2015, 2012, 2009, 2006, 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction,
storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise.
For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permis-
sions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.

Acknowledgements of third party content appear on page CR-1, which constitutes an extension of this copyright page.

PEARSON, ALWAYS LEARNING and MasteringGeography™ are exclusive trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries owned by Pearson
Education, Inc. or its affiliates.

Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners and
any references to third-party trademarks, logos or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are
not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson's products by the owners of such marks, or
any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, authors, licensees or distributors.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Rowntree, Lester, 1938- author.
Title: Diversity amid globalization : world regions, environment, development
/ Les Rowntree, University of California, Berkeley, Martin Lewis, Stanford
University, Marie Price, George Washington University, William Wyckoff,
Montana State University.
Description: Seventh edition. | San Francisco : Pearson, [2017]
Identifiers: LCCN 2016047494 | ISBN 9780134539423
Subjects: LCSH: Geography. | Globalization.
Classification: LCC G128 .R68 2017 | DDC 910--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016047494

ISBN 10: 0-134-53942-7; ISBN 13: 978-0-134-53942-3 (Student Edition)

ISBN 10: 0-134-61025-3; ISBN 13: 978-0-134-61025-2 (Books à la Carte Edition)
1 16

www.pearsonhighered.com

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 14 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 BRIEF CONTENTS

1 Concepts of World Geography 2

2 Physical Geography and the Environment 46

3 North America 74

4 Latin America 122

5 The Caribbean 172

6 Sub-Saharan Africa 212

7 Southwest Asia and North Africa 266

8 Europe 312

9 The Russian Domain 356

10 Central Asia 402

11 East Asia 440

12 South Asia 490

13 Southeast Asia 538

14 Australia and Oceania 586

Contents

xv

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 15 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 Contents
Population and Settlement: People on the
Land 20
Population Growth and Change 22 • Global Migration and
BOOK & OVERVIEW i Settlement 25
PREFACE  xxiv People on the Move Migrants and Refugees 26
ABOUT THE AUTHORS  xxix
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: The
DIGITAL & PRINT RESOURCES  xxx Geography of Change and Tradition 27
About Our Sustainability Initiatives xxxii Culture in a Globalizing World 27
Everyday Globalization Common Cultural Exchanges 28

1 Concepts
Language and Culture in a Global Context 29 • The Geography
of World of World Religions 30 • Culture, Gender, and Globalization 32
Geography 2 Geopolitical Framework: Unity and
Fragmentation 34
Geography Matters: Environments, Regions, The Nation-State Revisited 34 • Colonialism, Decolonialization,
Landscapes 4 and Neocolonialism 35 • Global Conflict and Insurgency 36
Areal Differentiation and Integration 5 • The Cultural
Landscape: Space into Place 6 • Regions: Formal and Economic and Social Development: The
Functional 6 Geography of Wealth and Poverty 37
Geographers at Work Tracking Conflict from Space 38
Converging Currents of Globalization 8 More and Less Developed Countries 39 • Indicators
The Environment and Globalization 8 • Globalization and of Economic Development 40 • Indicators of Social
Changing Human Geographies 8 Development 42
Exploring Global Connections A Closer Look at
Globalization 9 REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 44
Geopolitics and Globalization 10 • Economic Globalization and ■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 44
Uneven Development Outcomes 12 • Thinking Critically About
Globalization 12 • Diversity in a Globalizing World 13 ■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 45

The Geographer’s Toolbox: Location, Maps,

2 PEnvironment
Remote Sensing, and GIS 15
Latitude and Longitude 15 • Global Positioning Systems hysical Geography and the
(GPS) 15 • Map Projections 16 • Map Scale 16 • Map
Patterns and Legends 17 • Aerial Photos and Remote 46
Sensing 17 • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 18

Themes and Issues in World Regional Geology: A Restless Earth 48

Plate Tectonics 48 • Geologic Hazards 51
Geography 19
Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Global Climates: Adapting to Change 52
Climate Controls 52
The Changing Global Environment 19
Geographers at Work Studying Glaciers and Climate
Working Toward Sustainability Meeting the Needs of
Change 53
Future Generations 20
Exploring Global Connections International Activity at
the Poles 56
Climate Regions 59 • Global Climate Change 60

Bioregions and Biodiversity: The Globalization

of Nature 62
Nature and the World Economy 63 • Climate Change and
Nature 63 • The Current Extinction Crisis 63
Everyday Globalization Our Plastic Bag World 66

Water: A Scarce World Resource 66

Water Sanitation 66 • Water Access 67

xvi

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 16 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 Contents      xvii

Global Energy: The Essential Resource 67

Working Toward Sustainability Women and Water in the
Developing World 68
Nonrenewable and Renewable Energy 69 • Fossil Fuel Reserves,
Production, and Consumption 69 • Renewable Energy 69

REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 72

■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 72
■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 73
REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 120

3 North America
■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 120
74 ■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 121

Physical Geography and Environmental Issues:

A Vulnerable Land of Plenty 78 4 Latin America 122
Diverse Physical Settings 78 • Patterns of
Climate and Vegetation 79 • The Costs of Human Physical Geography and Environmental Issues:
Modification 81 • Growing Environmental Initiatives 83 Neotropical Diversity and Urban Degradation 126
Working Toward Sustainability Greening the Colorado Western Mountains and Eastern Shields 126 • River Basins
River Delta 84 and Lowlands 128 • Climate and Climate Change in
The Shifting Energy Equation 84 • Climate Change in North Latin America 129 • Impacts of Climate Change for Latin
America 86 America 132 • Environmental Issues: The Destruction of Forests 133
Working Toward Sustainability Ecotourism and Costa Rica 136
Population and Settlement: Reshaping a Urban Environmental Challenges 137
Continental Landscape 87
Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns 88 • Occupying the Population and Settlement: The Dominance
Land 89 • North Americans on the Move 90 • Settlement of Cities 138
Geographies: The Decentralized Metropolis 92 • Settlement Patterns of Rural Settlement 138 • The Latin American
Geographies: Rural North America 94 City 141 • Population Growth and Mobility 145
People on the Move The Impact of U.S. Deportations on Latin
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Shifting America 147
Patterns of Pluralism 95
The Roots of a Cultural Identity 95 • Peopling North America 95 Cultural Coherence and Diversity:
People on the Move More Black Immigrants Arrive on Repopulating a Continent 148
American Shores 96 Decline of Native Populations 148 • Patterns of Ethnicity and
Culture 150 • The Global Reach of Latino Culture 152
Culture and Place in North America 99 • Patterns of North
American Religion 102 • The Globalization of American Everyday Globalization The Zumba Sensation 153
Culture 102 Geopolitical Framework: From Two Iberian
Geographers at Work Building Montana’s Online GIS Colonies to Many Nations 154
Infrastructure 104 Iberian Conquest and Territorial Division 154 • Regional
Everyday Globalization Disc Golf Goes Global 106 Organizations 156
Geographers at Work Development Work in Post-Conflict
Geopolitical Framework: Patterns of Colombia 158
Dominance and Division 106 Economic and Social Development: From
Creating Political Space 106 • Continental
Neighbors 107 • The Legacy of Federalism 108 • Native Dependency to Neoliberalism 159
Peoples and National Politics 109 • The Politics of U.S.
Immigration 109 • A Global Reach 110
Primary Export Dependency 161
Agricultural Production 161 • Mining and Forestry 162 • The
Exploring Global Connections Bosnian Refugees Energy Sector 163 • Latin America in the Global Economy 163
Reshape a St. Louis Neighborhood 111
Exploring Global Connections Brazil in Crisis 164
Economic and Social Development: Patterns Social Development 167
of Abundance and Affluence 112 REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 170
An Abundant Resource Base 112 • Creating a Continental ■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 170
Economy 114 • North America and the Global
Economy 115 • Enduring Social Issues 117 ■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 171

xvii

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 17 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 xviii      Diversity Amid Globalization

5 The Caribbean 172 6 Sub-Saharan Africa 212

Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Physical Geography and Environmental Issues:
Paradise Undone 174 The Plateau Continent 215
Island and Rimland Landscapes 176 • Caribbean Climates and Plateaus and Basins 216 • Climate and
Climate Change 178 • Environmental Issues 181 Vegetation 219 • Africa’s Environmental Issues 221
Working Toward Sustainability Geothermal Energy for Working Toward Sustainability Reforesting a
the Lesser Antilles 183 Continent 224
Climate Change and Vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa 226
Population and Settlement: Densely Settled
Islands and Rimland Frontiers 184 Population and Settlement: Young and
Demographic Trends 185 Restless 227
People on the Move Haitian Struggles in the Dominican Demographic Trends and Disease Challenges 230 • The
Republic 188 Disease Factor: Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and
The Rural–Urban Continuum 189 Ebola 231 • Patterns of Settlement and Land
Use 233 • Urban Life 234
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A ­ Exploring Global Connections  The Map Kibera
Neo-Africa in the Americas 191 Initiative 235
The Cultural Imprint of Colonialism 191 • Creolization and
Caribbean Identity 194
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Unity
Everyday Globalization Caribbean Carnival 196 Through Adversity 238
Sports: Caribbean Olympic Glory 196 Language Patterns 238 • Religion 240 • Globalization and
African Culture 243
Geopolitical Framework: Colonialism,
Neocolonialism, and Independence 197 Everyday Globalization Africa’s Fashion Industry 244
Life in the “American Backyard” 197
Exploring Global Connections From Baseball to Geopolitical Framework: Legacies of
Béisbol 198 Colonialism and Conflict 245
Independence and Integration 201 European Colonization 246 • Decolonization and
Independence 248 • Persistent Conflict 249
Economic and Social Development: From People on the Move The Chinese in Africa 250
Cane Fields to Cruise Ships 202
From Fields to Factories and Resorts 202 Economic and Social Development: The
Geographers at Work Educational Tourism in Cuba 207 Struggle To Develop 253
Social Development 207 Roots of African Poverty 253 • Signs of Economic
Growth 256 • Links to the World Economy 257
REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 210
Geographers at Work Vision for Sustainable Development in
■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 210 West Africa 258
■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 211 Economic Differentiation Within Africa 259 • Measuring Social
Development 261 • Women and Development 262 • Building
from Within 262

REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 264

■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 264
■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 265

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 18 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 Contents      xix

7 Africa
Southwest Asia and North
266

Physical Geography and Environmental Issues:

Life in a Fragile World 270
Regional Landforms 270 • Patterns of Climate 271 • Legacies
of a Vulnerable Landscape 271 • Climate Change in Southwest
Asia and North Africa 275

Population and Settlement: Changing Rural

and Urban Worlds 276
The Geography of Population 276 • Shifting Demographic
Patterns 278 • Water and Life: Rural Settlement
8 Europe 312

Patterns 279 • Many-Layered Landscapes: The Urban

Imprint 281 • A Region on the Move 284 Physical Geography and Environmental
Issues: Human Transformation of a Diverse
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Complex Landscape 316
Cultural Mosaic 285 Landform Regions 316 • Seas, Rivers, and
Patterns of Religion 285 Ports 317 • Europe’s Climate 318 • Environmental Issues:
Local and Global 320 • Climate Change in Europe 320
People on the Move The Libyan Highway to Europe 286
Geographies of Language 291 • Regional Cultures in the Global Population and Settlement: Slow Growth and
Context 292
Problematic Migration 322
Everyday Globalization Falafel Round the World 293 Low (and No) Natural Growth 324
Geographers at Work Migrants in the Digital Age 326
Geopolitical Framework: Never-Ending Urban Europe 328
Tensions 294
Working Toward Sustainability Copenhagen, Where
The Colonial Legacy 294 • Modern Geopolitical Issues 296
Bikes Rule 329
Geographers at Work How Do We Define “Middle
East”? 299
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Mosaic of
Economic and Social Development: Lands of Differences 330
Geographies of Language 330
Wealth and Poverty 301
The Geography of Fossil Fuels 302 • Global Economic Everyday Globalization The Cultural Heritage of Pizza 331
Relationships 303 Geographies of Religion, Past and Present 333 • Migrants and
Working Toward Sustainability Noor 1 Shines Brightly in Culture 336 • Popular Culture 336
the North African Desert 304
Geopolitical Framework: A Dynamic Map 337
Exploring Global Connections  Dubai’s Role as a Global
Redrawing the Map of Europe Through War 338 • A Divided
Travel Hub 305 Europe, East and West 340
Regional Economic Patterns 306 • Gender, Culture, and Politics:
Exploring Global Connections  The New Cold War 341
A Woman’s Changing World 308
The Balkans: Waking from a Geopolitical
REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 310 Nightmare 341 • Devolution in Contemporary Europe 342

■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 310 Economic and Social Development:
■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 311 Integration and Transition 343
Background: Europe’s Industrial Revolution 345 • Rebuilding
Postwar Europe 345 • Economic Disintegration and Recovery in
Eastern Europe 345 • Promise and Problems of the Eurozone 349
People on the Move Portugal’s Quirky Emigration Issues 351
Social Development in Europe 352

REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 354

■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 354
■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 355

xix

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 19 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 xx      Diversity Amid Globalization

10 Central Asia 402

Physical Geography and Environmental

Issues: Steppes, Deserts, and Threatened
Lakes 406
Central Asia’s Physical Regions and Climate 406 • Central Asia’s
Environmental Challenges 408
Working Toward Sustainability The Greening of the Inner
Mongolian Desert 411

9 The Russian Domain

Climate Change in Central Asia 411
356
Population and Settlement: Densely Settled
Oases Amid Vacant Lands 413
Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Highland Population and Subsistence
A Vast and Challenging Land 360 Patterns 413 • Pastoralism and Farming in the
A Diverse Physical Setting 360 • A Devastated Lowlands 413 • Population Issues 415 • Urbanization in
Environment 364 • Addressing the Environmental Central Asia 416
Crisis 366 • Climate Change and the Russian Domain 366 People on the Move Central Asian Labor Migrants Seek
Working Toward Sustainability Putting a Lid on Alternatives to Russia 417
Chernobyl 367
Exploring Global Connections New Opportunities in the Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A
Russian Arctic 368 Meeting Ground of Different
Traditions 418
Population and Settlement: An Urban Historical Overview: Steppe Nomads and Silk Road
Domain 370 Traders 418 • Contemporary Linguistic and Ethnic
Population Distribution 370 Geography 419
Geographers at Work Exploring High-Latitude Siberia 373 Geographers at Work Kazakh Migration in Mongolia 421
The Demographic Crisis 373 • Regional Migration Geography of Religion 422 • Central Asian Culture in Global
Patterns 374 • Inside the Russian City 376 Context 423

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: The Legacy Geopolitical Framework: Political

of Slavic Dominance 378 Reawakening in a Power Void 425
The Heritage of the Russian Empire 378 • Geographies of Partitioning of the Steppes 425 • Central Asia
Language 380 • Geographies of Religion 382 • Russian Under Communist Rule 426 • Current Geopolitical
Culture in Global Context 383 Tensions 427 • Global Dimensions of Central Asian
Geopolitics 429
People on the Move Following the Armenian Diaspora 384
A Revival of Russian Nationalism 386
Economic and Social Development:
Geopolitical Framework: Growing Instability Abundant Resources, Struggling
Across the Region 387 Economies 430
Economic Development in Central Asia 431
Geopolitical Structure of the Former Soviet Union 387 • Current
Geopolitical Setting 388 • The Shifting Global Setting 392 Everyday Globalization Rare Earths from Inner
Mongolia 433
Economic and Social Development: Exploring Global Connections The New Silk Road 435
Coping with Growing Regional Challenges 393 Social Development in Central Asia 436
The Legacy of the Soviet Economy 393 • The Post-Soviet
Economy 394 • The Russian Domain in the Global Economy 395 REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 438
Everyday Globalization Russia’s Global High-Tech ■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 438
Ambitions 396
Enduring Social Challenges 397
■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 439

REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 400

■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 400
■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 401
xx

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 20 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 Contents      xxi

11 East Asia 440

Physical Geography and Environmental Issues:

Resource Pressures in a Crowded Land 444
East Asia’s Physical Geography 444 • East Asia’s Environmental
Challenges 448 • Dams, Flooding, and Soil Erosion in
China 451
Working Toward Sustainability Flood-Prone China to
Develop New “Sponge Cities” 453

12 South Asia
Climate Change in East Asia 454
490
Population and Settlement: A Realm of
Crowded Lowland Basins 455
East Asia’s Population Dilemma 455 • Agriculture and Physical Geography and Environmental Issues:
Settlement in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan 457 • Agriculture and From Tropical Islands to Mountain Rim 494
Settlement in China 458 • Agriculture and Resources in a The Four Physical Subregions of South Asia 494
Global Context 459 • East Asia’s Urban Structure 459 Geographers at Work Understanding the Urban Heat-Island
People on the Move China Reforms Its Residency Registration Effect in a Changing Climate 495
System 460 South Asia’s Monsoon Climates 495 • Climate Change in South
Geographers at Work Cary Karacas Examines the Asia 496 • Other Environmental Issues in South Asia 498
Firebombing of Japan 463 Working Toward Sustainability Community Development
and Mangrove Conservation in Sri Lanka 500
Cultural Coherence and Diversity:
The Historical Influence of Confucianism Population and Settlement: The World’s
and Buddhism 463 Emerging Demographic Core 502
Unifying Cultural Characteristics 463 • Religious Unity and The Geography of Population Growth 502 • Migration and
Diversity 465 • Linguistic and Ethnic Diversity 466 • East the Settlement Landscape 503 • Agricultural Regions and
Asian Cultures in a Global Context 469 Activities 504
People on the Move Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal and the
United States 505
Geopolitical Framework: Struggles for
Regional Dominance 472 Urban South Asia 508
The Evolution of China 473 • The Rise of Japan 473 • Postwar Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A
Geopolitics 475 • Global Dimensions of East Asian
Geopolitics 477 Common Heritage Undermined by Religious
Rivalries 509
Economic and Social Development: A Core Origins of South Asian Civilizations 510 • Contemporary
Region of the Global Economy 478 Geographies of Religion 512 • Geographies of
Language 515 • South Asian in Global Cultural Context 518
Japan’s Economy and Society 478
Everyday Globalization East Asia’s Domination of Geopolitical Framework: A Deeply Divided
Shipbuilding 479 Region 519
Korea’s Divergent Development 480 South Asia Before and After Independence in 1947 519
Exploring Global Connections South Korean Investments Everyday Globalization Soccer Balls from Sialkot 520
and Aid in Africa 481 Ethnic Conflicts and Tensions in South Asia 523 • The Maoist
Continuing Development in Taiwan and Hong Challenge 525 • International Geopolitics 526
Kong 482 • Chinese Development 482 • Social Development
in East Asia 486 Economic and Social Development: Rapid
Growth and Rampant Poverty 527
REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 488 Geographies of Economic Development 527 • Globalization and
■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 488 South Asia’s Economic Future 532 • Social Development 533
Exploring Global Connections India’s Emerging
■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 489 Computer Game Industry 534

REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 536

■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 536

■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 537

xxi

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 21 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 xxii      Diversity Amid Globalization

13 Southeast Asia 538

Geopolitical Framework: Ethnic Strife and
Regional Cooperation 565
Before European Colonialism 565 • The Colonial Era 566 • The
Physical Geography and Environmental Vietnam War and Its Aftermath 567 • Geopolitical Tensions in
Contemporary Southeast Asia 568
Issues: A Once-Forested Region 541
People on the Move Human Trafficking in Southeast Asia and
Patterns of Physical Geography 541 • The Deforestation of
the Plight of the Rohingya 571
Southeast Asia 544 • Fires, Smoke, and Air Pollution 546
International Dimensions of Southeast Asian Geopolitics 571
Working Toward Sustainability Preserving the Pileated
Gibbon in Cambodia 547
Controversies Over Dam Building 547 • Climate Change in
Economic and Social Development: The Roller-
Southeast Asia 548 Coaster Ride of Developing Economies 573
Uneven Economic Development 573
Population and Settlement: Subsistence, Everyday Globalization Instant Coffee from Vietnam 578
Migration, and Cities 549 Globalization and the Southeast Asian Economy 580 • Issues of
Settlement and Agriculture 550 • Recent Demographic Social Development 581
Change 552 Geographers at Work Female Migrant Workers in Southeast
Exploring Global Connections The Opium Resurgence in Asia 582
Northern Southeast Asia 553
REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 584
Urban Settlement 556
■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 584
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Meeting ■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 585
Ground of World Cultures 558
The Introduction and Spread of Major Cultural
Traditions 558 • Geography of Language and
Ethnicity 561 • Southeast Asian Culture in a Global Context 563

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 22 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 Contents      xxiii

14 Australia and Oceania 586

Physical Geography and Environmental Issues:

Varied Landscapes and Habitats 590
Regional Landforms and Topography 590 • Regional Climate
Patterns 591 • Unique Plants and Animals 592 • Complex
Environmental Issues 594
Working Toward Sustainability Saving the Great Barrier
Reef 596
Climate Change in Oceania 597
Geographers at Work Planning for the Future across the
Population and Settlement: Migration, Cities, Pacific Basin 620
and Empty Spaces 598
Contemporary Population Patterns and Issues 598 • Historical Everyday Globalization Wine from Down Under Gains
Geography 601 • Settlement Landscapes 603 Global Appeal 621
Oceania in the Global Context 621 • Continuing Social
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Global Challenges 622 • Gender, Culture, and Politics 623
Crossroads 605 REVIEW, REFLECT, & APPLY 624
Multicultural Australia 605
People on the Move Recent Migrants to the Land Down
■■ Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis 624
Under 606 ■■ Join the Debate, Data Analysis 625
Cultural Patterns in New Zealand 607 • The Mosaic of Pacific
Cultures 608 • Interactions with the Larger World 609
Exploring Global Connections Persisting French GLOSSARY  G-1
Influence in the South Seas 611
PHOTO CREDITS  CR-1
Geopolitical Framework: Diverse Paths to TEXT AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS  CR-4
Independence 612
Roads to Independence 612 • Persistent Geopolitical
INDEX I-1
Tensions 614

Economic and Social Development: Increasing

Ties to Asia 617
Australian and New Zealand Economies 618 • Oceania’s
Divergent Development Paths 619

xxiii

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 23 12/16/16 10:19 PM

 Preface
• New Tastes of the Region features in each regional
chapter explore culinary traditions and innovations

D iversity Amid Globalization, Seventh Edition, is an associated with different parts of the world. These QR
issues-oriented textbook for college and university links to websites provide recipes and other pertinent
world regional geography classes that explicitly recognizes information on food production and consumption, as
the vast geographic changes taking place because of global- well as material on cultural aspects of regional cuisines.
ization. With this focus, we join the many scholars who see • The new end-of-the-chapter format—Review, Reflect, &
globalization as the most fundamental reorganization of the Apply—asks students to answer broad-based questions
world’s socioeconomic, cultural, and geopolitical structures spanning concepts and regions. Two of the three com-
since the Industrial Revolution. That premise provides ponents of this feature, Image Analysis and Data Anal-
the point of departure and underlying assumptions of this ysis, provide concrete exercises based on the analysis
book. of graphic images and demographic or socioeconomic
As geographers, we think it essential for our read- data. The third, Join the Debate, frames two opposing
ers to understand and critically appraise the two inter- viewpoints on controversial issues and asks students to
active themes that are reflected in this book’s title, assess their claims and weigh in on their own.
Diversity Amid Globalization. First, the convergence of
environmental, cultural, political, and economic systems • New Mobile Field Trip Videos have students accompany
through the processes of globalization has numerous renowned geoscience photographer Michael Collier in
consequences, both obvious and obscure, at every scale the air and on the ground to explore iconic landscapes
of analysis and in every part of the world. Second, many that have shaped North America and beyond. Students
forms of diversity persist—and sometimes even expand— scan QR codes in the print book to get instant access
despite the leveling tendencies of globalization. It is also to these media, which are also available for assignment
increasingly apparent that globalization generates its own with quizzes in MasteringGeography.
resistance, which can range from celebrations of local
products and customs, to grassroots opposition to global
trade deals, to hard-edged nationalism and hostility toward Revised Features in the Seventh Edition
immigration. Clearly, globalization is a ubiquitous, politi-
cally charged, and complex phenomenon that demands
• Although the sidebar categories from the ­previous
e­ dition have been largely retained, most individual
sustained geographical analysis.
sidebars have been replaced. The Everyday ­Globalization
feature has been sharpened and framed around
new topics. The Working Toward Sustainability and
New to the Seventh Edition Exploring Global Connections sidebars have been
• New chapter opener vignettes and photos have been revamped, many with QR links to new Google Earth
added that highlight recent events and global link- Virtual Tour videos. Most People on the Move sidebars
ages, with accompanying maps that pinpoint vignette are new as well.
­locations. This edition also features more focused and
consistent introductions in Chapters 3–14, placed
• Extensive current events updates have been provided
in each chapter, many maps have been substantially
under the heading “Defining the Region.” revised, and new photos are found throughout the
• New Geographers at Work sidebars profile a working book. All climate maps now have enlarged climographs
geographer’s research, intellectual development, and for improved viewing, and most religion maps have
views on the discipline. Many of these sidebars include been redrafted to reflect the more accurate information
maps or remote sensing images. that has recently become available. The two data tables
• New Sights of the Region features provide mobile-ready in each regional chapter have been completely updated
Quick Response (QR) links from photos to online with the most recently available data.
Google Maps, enabling students to browse web maps • The learning-path feature has been sharpened and
and community-contributed photos of the diverse enhanced in each chapter. Learning Objectives are now
geographies featured in the print book. Students use numbered for easy reference and have been revised; key
mobile devices to scan Quick Response (QR) codes to terms are now repeated at the end of each section and
get immediate online access and connect print images in the end-of-chapter materials; concept check ques-
with dynamic online web maps and photos. tions have been added to all four sidebars; tabular data
• New Sounds of the Region features provide QR links to on population and development measures have been
sound clips that help give students a sense of culture integrated with MapMaster and now include questions
and natural environments around the world, highlight- related to mapping activities. This edition also features
ing language, music, and the soundscapes of both a more consistent use of questions that are linked to
­natural and urban environments. selected figures.

xxiv

A01_ROWN9423_07_SE_FM.indd 24 12/16/16 10:19 PM

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
hind-side-foremost caricature of what is itself a caricature—an
organ-grinder’s monkey.
When Benny carried the gayly dressed Nanny out to the enclosed
yard, it was hard to tell which exhibition of feeling was the keenest—
poor, unconscious, and absurd Nanny’s delight in her freedom and
her eager desire to take her place with her old companions, or the
consternation and terror of the entire flock at the strange wild beast
which was thus turned loose among them.
They ran from side to side, and crowded each other against the
paling so unceasingly and so wildly, that Benny carried the unwilling
ewe back to the kitchen.
At nightfall, however, Benny again placed Nanny in the open field
with the sheep, thinking that they would gradually, throughout the
darkness, become used to the presence of her little harlequin jacket,
and allow her to graze by their side in peace.
That night two cronies of Benny’s came from a neighboring farm to
talk over that ever-interesting topic, the great snowstorm, and to buy
some of his lambs. The three old men sat by the great fireplace in
the old raftered kitchen in the pleasant glow from the blazing logs,
each sipping with unction a mug of Benny’s famous flip, while Debby
rubbed with tallow the sadly stiffened long-boots that had been worn
in the Christmas snow. Suddenly a loud wail of distress rang in their
ears, the door was thrust violently open, and in stumbled the
breathless form of the tall, gaunt old negress Tuggie Bannocks. She
was a relic of old slavery times, who lived on a small farm near the
old Gilbert Stuart Mill, on Petaquamscut River. They all knew her
well. She had bought many a pound of wool from Benny to wash and
card and spin into yarn, and she always helped Debby in that yearly
trial of patience and skill—her soap-making. The old negro woman
had double qualifications to make her of use in this latter work: her
long, strong arms could stir the soap untiringly for hours, and then
she knew also how to work powerful charms—traditional relics of
Voodooism—to make the soap always turn out a success.
Tuggie Bannocks sank upon the table by the fire, murmuring:
“Tanks be to Praise! Tanks be to Praise!” and closed her eyes in
speechless exhaustion. Debby took a half-crushed basket of eggs
from the old woman’s arm, drew off her red woollen mittens, and
rubbed briskly her long cold claws of hands. Benny had a vague
remembrance of the old-time “emergency” saying, “feathers for
fainters,” and seized a turkey’s wing that was in daily use as a
hearth-brush, thrust it into the flames, and then held the scorching
feathers under the old negress’s nose until all in the room were
coughing and choking with the stifling smoke.
Spluttering and choking at the dense feather-smoke, Tuggie
gasped out: “I ain’t dead yit—I specks I shall be soon, dough—kase I
seen de ole witch a-ridin’—I’se most skeered to death” (then in a
fainter voice)—“gib me a mug of dat flip.” Startled, Benny quickly
drew a great mug of home-brewed beer and gave it a liberal dash of
Jamaica rum and sugar, then seized from the fire the red-hot
“loggerhead” and thrust it seething into the liquid until the flip boiled
and bubbled and acquired that burnt, bitter flavor that he knew
Tuggie dearly loved. The old woman moaned and groaned as she
lay on the table-top, but watched the brewing of the flip with eager
eye, and sat up with alacrity to drink it.
With many a shuddering sigh and many a glance behind her at the
kitchen door, and crossing her fingers to ward off evil spirits she
began: “Ye know, Miss Nickkels, I telled ye I was witch-rid by ole
Mum Amey, an’ dis how I know I was. Ye see I was a-goin’ to wuk a
charm on her first off—not to hurt her none, jess to bodder her a
leetle—an’ I jess put my project on de fire one night, an’ it jess a-
goin’ to boil, an’ in come her ugly, ole grinnin’ black face at de door,
an’ say she a-goin’ to set wid me a spell.” Mum Amey was a wrinkled
half-breed Indian of fabulous age and crabbed temper, a “squaw-
nurse,” who was, of course, not half as black as negro Tuggie. “She
walk ober to de chimbly to light her pipe an’ ask me what I a-cookin’,
an’ I say Ise a-makin’ glue, cause Ise afeard she see de rabbit’s foot
in de pot, an’ I say it all done, an’ yank de pot offen de crane so she
can’t see into it. An’ ob course when I take de project offen de fire
afore it’s wukked, it break de charm; an’ wuss still, I can’t nebber try
no project on her no more. Ole Mum Amey larf, an’ say, a-leerin’ at
me, dat pot ob glue won’t nebber stick nothin’ no more. An’ ebber
sence dat night I ben witch-rid. Mornin’s when I wakes up I sees
marks ob de bit in de corners ob my mouf, where Mum Amey ben a-
ridin’ me all ober Boston Neck an’ up de Ridge Hill till I so tired and
stiff I can’t hardly move. Ise ben pinched in de night an’ hab my ha’r
pulled. An’ my butter won’t come till I drops a red-hot horseshoe in
de cream to dribe her out. One day I jess try her to see ef she a
witch (dough I know she one, ’cause I see her talkin’ to a black cat); I
drop a silber sixpence in her path, an’ jess afore she get to it she
turn an’ go back, jess I know she would. No witch can’t step ober
silber. An’ now, Benny Nickkels, I know for shore she’s a witch, I see
her jess now in de moonlight a-chasin’ an’ ridin’ your sheep; an’,
shore’s yer bawn, yer’ll find some on ’em stone dead in de mornin’—
all on ’em, mebbe!”
Benny looked wretched enough at this statement. Dearly as he
loved his sheep and ready as he was to face physical discomfort and
danger in their behalf, he was too superstitious to dare to go out in
the night to rescue them and brave the witch.
“How did she look, Tuggie? And what did she do?” whispered
awe-struck Debby.
“Oh, she was mons’ous fearsome to see! Witches don’t nebber go
in deir own form when dey goes to deir Sabbaths. She was long an’
low like a snake. She run along de groun’ jess like a derminted yeller
painter, a-boundin’, an’ leapin’, an’ springin’, a-chasin’ dem pore
sheeps—oh, how dey run! Wid her old red an’ blue blanket tied tight
aroun’ her—dat’s how I knowed her. An’ she had big sparklin’ gold
dollars on her back—wages ob de debbil, I ’specks. Sometimes she
jump in de air an’ spread her wings an’ fly awhile. Smoke an’ sparks
come outen her mouf an’ nostrums! Big black horns stick outen her
head! Lash her long black tail jess like de debbil hisself!”
At this dramatic and breathless point in Tuggie’s flip-nourished and
quickly growing tale, credulous Debby, whose slow-working brain
had failed to grasp all the vivid details in the black woman’s fervid
and imaginative description, interjected this gasping comment: “It
must ha’ been the devil or the creeper.”
 Benny jumped from his chair and stamped his foot, and at once
burst into a loud laugh of intense relief, and with cheerful bravado
began to explain animatedly to his open-mouthed cronies that of
course anyone could see that Tuggie’s sheep-chasing witch was
only the creeper sheep in her new fleece, and he offered
swaggeringly to go out alone to the field to bring the ewe in to prove
it.
The old negress sprang to her feet, insulted and enraged at the
jeering laughter and rallying jokes, and advanced threateningly
toward him. Then, as if with a second thought, she stopped with a
most malicious look, and in spite of Debby’s conciliatory
explanations and her soothing expressions “that it might have been
Mum Amey after all,” she thrust aside Benny’s proffered mollification
of a fresh mug of flip, seized her crushed basket, stalked to the door,
and left the house muttering, vindictively: “High time to stop such
unrageous goin’s-on—dressin’ up sheeps like debbils—scarin’ an ole
woman to death an’ breakin’ all her aigs! Ole Tuggie Bannocks ain’t
forgot how to burn a project! Guess dey won’t larf at witches den!”
And surely enough—as days passed it could plainly be seen that
the old negress had carried out her threat—for the chimney was
“conjured”—was “salted.” On windy nights the shepherd and his wife
were sure they could hear Tuggie dancing and stamping on the roof,
and she blew down smoke and threw down soot, and she called
down the chimney in a fine, high, shrieking voice: “I’ll project ye,
Benny; I’ll project ye.” And she burnt the cakes before the fire, and
the roast upon the spit, and thrice she snapped out a blazing coal
and singed a hole in Debby’s best petticoat, though it was worn
wrong side out as a saving-charm. And Benny could see, too, that
the old ram was bewitched. The remainder of the flock soon became
accustomed to the sight of Nanny’s funny false fleece, but he always
fled in terror at her approach. He grew thin and pale (or at any rate
faded), and he would scarcely eat when Nanny was near. Debby
despairingly tried a few feeble counter-charms, or “warders,” but
without avail. When sheep-shearing time came, however, and
Nanny, shorn of her uncanny fleece and clothed in her own half-inch
snowy wool, took her place with the other short-clipped members of
the flock, he ceased to be “witch-rid”—the “project,” the “conjure”
was worked out. He grew fat and fiercely brave, and became once
more the knight of the field, the lord of the domain, the patriarch, the
potestate of his flock.
The story of Tuggie Bannocks’s fright and her revengeful “project”
spread far and wide on every farm from Point Judith to Pottawomat,
and was told in later years by one generation of farmers to another.
And as time rolled on and Nanny reared her lambs and they her
grand-lambs, the creeper sheep were known and sold throughout
Narragansett by the name of witch-sheep.
 THE CRUSOES OF THE NOON-
HOUSE
In a grass-grown graveyard by the side of an old Presbyterian
church in Narragansett, the warm, midday sun shone brightly down
one spring Sabbath in the year 1760 upon two boys twelve years of
age, two cousins, named Elam Noyes and Cotton Fayerweather.
They stood by the side of their grandfather’s grave, which bore a
new blue slate headstone, inscribed with his name and age, and the
verses:

“You children of ye name of Noyes

Make Jesus Christ yo’r oleny choyse.”

The boys had gone into the church-yard with the apparent design
of examining this fine, though misspelled, token of the stone-cutter’s
art, but were really speaking and thinking of a very different subject.
They would never have been allowed to wander in the church-yard
to indulge in idle talk, and even now could spend but a few minutes
in conversation together. It was their only meeting-time during the
week, for they lived at extreme ends of the town, and Elam recited
his lessons to the Baptist minister, who lived near him, while Cotton
attended the village school. They were two well-built, healthy boys,
both dressed in clumsy, homespun suits of clothes, with full knee-
breeches, long-flapped coats and waistcoats, coarse yarn stockings
and buckled shoes, and great gray beaver hats several sizes too
large for them. Elam was as solemn and serious in his appearance
as was his father, but in his brain was a current of keen romance
rarely found in the head of any elderly colonist. As he left the church-
yard with his cousin he said, with much impressiveness, “Remember,
Cotton, if you are not here by candle-light I shall tarry no longer, but
shall go home.”
For several Sundays, as the boys had walked among the graves,
and while they had been busy with the care of their fathers’ horses,
Elam had occupied every moment in telling to Cotton all that he
could remember of a wonderful story he had read in New Haven.
Two months previously he had ridden with his father to that town,
and in the tap-room of the “ordinary” at which they had “put up”
during their stay there had lain a pile of about forty books, which a
sea-captain had left to be sold to any chance traveller, or to
townspeople who might be inclined to purchase them. There were
several copies of Tate and Brady’s new Psalms, which some of the
New England Puritans wished to use instead of the loved old Bay
Psalm-book, two or three Bibles, half a dozen volumes of sermons, a
Dutch Psalm-book, which was not Dutch at all, but a collection of
English songs and ballads, Milton’s “Paradise Lost,” a few prayer-
books, and then there was a wonderful book which Elam did not
have time to finish, though he had not wasted a moment. It thrilled
and filled him with adventurous longings, and was called “Robinson
Crusoe.” This was the first and only story-book he had ever seen,
and as he retold the wonderful tale to Cotton, the desire to run away
out into the great world, to cross the ocean and see some strange
sights and lead a different life from that on a Narragansett farm, grew
strong in both boys’ breasts.
At last Elam, having a fertile though unexercised imagination,
developed a plan of action. They would leave home and meet at the
old meeting-house, where they would spend several weeks of
idleness, roaming the woods by day and sleeping in the noon-house
by night, and when everyone in town was tired of searching for them,
then they would make their way to the sea-shore without fear of
capture, and get on board a ship and sail off somewhere. They could
hide in the wood on the Sabbath days, and as the meeting-house
stood on a lonely road in a great wood on the top of a high hill, there
would be but few passers-by on week-days, and hence few chances
of discovery. And now I must explain about the noon-house, which
was to be their sleeping-place, for none of those queer old buildings
now exist in New England.
By the side of the barn-like church were three long, low, mean,
stable-like log buildings, which could hardly be stables, since at one
end of each hut was a rough stone chimney. These were noon-
houses, or “Sabba-day houses.” One had been built by Elam and
Cotton’s grandfather, and was used by the families of his children.
Until the early years of this century, only two or three meeting-
houses throughout New England contained stoves. All through the
long, bleak, winter weeks, through fierce “nor’-westers” and piercing
frosts, the lonely churches stood, growing colder and colder, until
when they were opened upon the Sabbath the chill and damp
seemed almost unbearable. The women brought to church little iron
foot-stoves filled with hot coals. Upon these stoves they placed their
feet, and around them the shivering children sat at their mothers’ feet
and warmed their chilled hands. But by the time the long service was
over—for often the minister preached two hours and prayed an hour,
and some of the Psalms took half an hour to sing—you can easily
see that the warmth would all have died out of the little foot-stove,
and the mothers and children would be as cold as the fathers, which
is saying a great deal.
Now these half-frozen Baptists and Puritans and Episcopalians
could hardly have remained to attend an afternoon service and lived
through it, so they built houses with chimneys and fireplaces near
the church where they could go and make a fire and get warm and
eat their lunch, and when they asked permission to put up such a
building they said it was to “keep their duds and horses in.”
And, surely enough, at one end of the noon-house were usually
several stalls for the horses, who doubtless also enjoyed the warmth
that came from the fireplace at the end of the room. The “duds” were
the saddles and pillions on which the church attendants had been
seated on their ride to church, and the saddle-bags which were full of
good things to eat. Sometimes a few cooking-utensils to warm the
noonday food were kept in the noon-house, and often hay for the
horses and a great load of logs to burn in the fireplace, and
sometimes a barrel of “cyder,” to drink at the nooning.
 Frequently a large noon-house was built by several farmers in
company, and I am afraid the children did not then enjoy their
Sunday noontimes, for some old deacon or elder usually read a
sermon to them between the morning and afternoon services, and
they had to sit still and listen.
So you see that Elam and Cotton had very comfortable quarters to
sleep in when they ran away to the noon-house on the Monday
following the opening of my story. Each arrived about an hour before
sunset, laden with all the food that he had been able to capture
before leaving home. Cotton had a great piece of salt-pork and a
dozen eggs, some of which had had a rather disastrous journey in
his coat-pockets. Elam had a great crushed mass of dough-nuts and
brown bread. This was not all of their provisions for their sojourn, for
on each successive Sunday for five weeks previously both boys had
crowded their great pockets with russet apples and their saddle-bags
with cold corn-bread and brown bread, and they had starved
themselves at each nooning in order to save their food and thus
provide for the coming day of need; and they had concealed their
treasures in an empty corn-bin at the horses’ end of the house.
Cotton felt sure that they had food enough to last them for three
weeks—rather dry and conglomerated, to be sure, but still good
enough for boys of healthy appetites and simple Puritan tastes. Elam
also had brought a flint and tinder-box with him, and with their aid
and that of some light “candle-wood” he soon had a blazing fire upon
the hearth, the coals of which he carefully covered up to save till
morning, and then the two Robinson Crusoes climbed upon the hay
and fell asleep.
The story of the first day spent by the runaways in their retreat
would be the story of all the days, which were not as pleasure-filled
as they had hoped. They had no hut to build, no goats to tame, no
savages to fight and dread. They rose early in the morning, for the
habits of their daily life were strong, and they did not dare have a fire
much after daybreak, lest the smoke from the chimney should be
discovered by some rare passer-by. They ate their breakfast of
brown bread and cheese and apples and drank a little of the hard
cider. As the weather was fortunately warm, they lolled on the stones
behind the noon-house while Elam told over and over again the story
of Robinson Crusoe and tales of the Indians that he had heard from
his grandfather. They fished, with some success, in a little brook
which ran through the woods, and one day they caught a rabbit in a
trap which Cotton had set, and which he had learned how to make
from old Showacum, a “praying Indian” who lived in the village.
These trophies of their skill they of course skinned and cleaned and
cooked, and though they were hungry—for they were hungry all the
time—the unsalted fish and game did not seem very appetizing to
them. They found a treasure one day in the woods—a store of nuts
which had been forgotten or neglected or reserved until spring by
some kindly squirrels—and with a few cakes of toothsome maple-
sugar they had some variety of diet.
But alas, they also had healthy young appetites, and on Saturday
night Cotton awakened to a fact whose approach had been plainly
looming up before Elam for some time—that their three weeks’
supply of food was all gone. A half-decayed apple was their sole
supper. A drink of the sour cider seemed only to make their hunger
harder to bear, but at last they fell asleep. Perhaps the pangs of his
gnawing stomach made Elam sleep more lightly than on previous
nights, perhaps the equally keen pangs of his awakened conscience
may have made him restless, but at midnight he suddenly sprang to
his feet with an exclamation of horror at a sound which he
recognized at once as the howl of a wolf. He jumped to the fire,
wakening Cotton, who tumbled out of his nest of hay with a
bewildered and wretched expression and an impatient cry of, “Oh,
why did you wake me up when I am so hungry; pray let me sleep if
you do or not,” when nearer and louder still rose the mournful howl of
the wolf. With trembling hand Cotton heaped the light wood on the
blaze which Elam had started with the old leather bellows, and then
threw log after log on the hearth until the blaze roared up the
chimney. Of course, the wolves—for they could hear more than one
—could not get into the noon-house, as window and shutter were
fast, but the boys were so wretched with hunger, so homesick, so
lonesome, that they hardly stopped to reason, and, trembling with
fear, Cotton seized an iron “loggerhead” which his father kept in the
noon-house, and thrust it into the coals to heat to a red-hot pitch,
when it could be used as a weapon. A “loggerhead” was a bar of iron
which was used as a stirring-stick in making “flip.” Deacon
Fayerweather always brought to church each winter Sunday in his
saddle-bags three or four bottles of home-brewed beer and a bottle
of Jamaica rum, from which, with the aid of the loggerhead, he made
a famous jug of flip for the minister and deacons at the nooning.
And now the peaceful loggerhead was the only weapon the two
wretched boys possessed, and, indeed, all they needed, for in a
short time the howls of the wolves grew fainter and fainter and at last
were no longer heard. All thought or power of sleep had, however,
vanished from the brains of the terrified young Crusoes at this
experience of the pleasures of adventure. All wish for final escape to
the sea-shore had also disappeared, and now their only longing was
to return home. All the remaining hours of the night they sat by the
fire, while Elam, romantic in spite of hunger, fright, and
disappointment, made known his plans for the following day. Toward
morning they let the fire die down and expire, and when the sun was
fully risen they left their sheltering noon-house and hid in the woods
not far from the meeting-house, trembling, however, at every sound
as they thought of their dread night-visitors.
As nine o’clock drew near there approached the church on every
side, on foot and on horseback, the members of the congregation. All
knew of the mysterious disappearance of Cotton and Elam, for the
country had been widely and quickly scoured for them. Among the
worshippers came Deacon and Mistress Fayerweather and
Goodman Noyes and his wife, for all felt it a godly duty, even in time
of deep affliction, not to neglect the public worship of God on the
Sabbath. Despairingly did the sad parents hope to hear some news
of their lost boys, who had apparently vanished from the face of the
earth, for neither in farm-house nor in field, neither on the road nor at
the toll-gate, neither by traveller nor by hunter, had they been seen.
The very simplicity of their plan had been its safety. Forty years
previously the whisper of kidnapping by the Indians would have
added terror to the parents’ grief, but those days were happily over.
After sad greetings had been exchanged and the minister had
entered the pulpit, the congregation seated itself for its usual
Sunday-morning service. The opening half-hour prayer was ended,
the church attendants had let down their slamming pew-seats (for
the seats in those old New England meeting-houses always turned
up on hinges to allow the pew occupants to lean against the walls of
the pew during the long prayer), the minister had read with trembling
voice a note which had been sent to him, “desiring the prayers of the
congregation for two families in great inconveniency and distress,”
when a door on the leeward side of the church slowly opened and
two pale, dishevelled, and most wretched-looking youngsters crept
slowly and shamefacedly in. The habit of constant self-repression
and self-control, characteristic of the times, was all-powerful, even in
this intense moment of crisis for the families of Fayerweather and
Noyes. The deacon flushed scarlet, but did not move from his raised
seat in front of the congregation. A faint murmur swept over the
entire assembly at the appearance of Cotton and Elam, but was at
once repressed. The boys walked calmly on to their accustomed
seats on the gallery stairs, under the supervision of the tithingman.
That zealous officer rapped sharply on the head with his long staff
two or three of the occupants of one of the “boys’ pews,” who had
turned around and stared, and whispered noisily at the appearance
of the runaways. The old minister, being slightly deaf, had heard no
ripple of commotion, and, not having glanced at the late comers,
proceeded to offer a pathetic prayer for the lost ones, “whom God
held in the hollow of his hand,” a prayer that brought to Elam and
Cotton a realizing sense of their selfishness and wickedness, and
which worked a lesson that influenced them through life. The parson
then gave out his text: “He will have charge over thee concerning
thee,” and worked his way on in his accustomed and somewhat
monotonous fashion, though with many allusions to the two
wanderers, until at fourteenthly came the long-deferred end. Nor was
there any murmur of feeling heard (though the mothers’ eyes were
filled with tears), when Deacon Fayerweather, in a slightly trembling
voice, lined out the Psalm:

O give yee thanks unto the Lord

because that good is hee,
 Because his loving-kindness lasts
in perpetuitee.

I’th’ desart in a desart way

they wandered: no towne finde
to dwell in. Hungry and thirsty
their Soul within them pinde.

Then did they to Jehovah cry

when they were in distresse
Who did them set at liberty
out of their anguishes.

In such a way as was most right

he led them forth also
That to a citty which they might
inhabit they might go.

I wish I could say that the boys’ parents, being so glad to get the
wanderers home, permitted them to go unpunished, but alas! early
New Englanders believed firmly that “foolishness is bound up in the
heart of a child,” and never spared the rod; and, as “sloathefulnes”
and disobedience to parents were specially abominated, such high-
handed rebellion as this of Elam and Cotton could hardly be allowed
to pass by without being made a public example. Then, too,
unfortunately for the boys, the warmth of joy at recovering the lost
ones had time through the two hours of sermon to cool down and
change into indignation. So at the close of the service Deacon
Fayerweather, after rather coldly greeting his son and nephew,
asked the advice of the minister upon so important a subject, who
gave as his opinion that the gravity of the offence, the necessity of
the lesson to other youths in the congregation, and the conveniency
of circumstances seemed to point out plainly, and was furthermore
upheld by Scripture, that public chastisement should be given upon
the spot, and that Elder Rogers was best fitted, both by age, dignity,
and strength, to administer both rebuke and punishment. And with
promptness and despatch and thoroughness the decree was carried
out; both boys were “whipped with birchen rods” while standing upon
the horse-block before the church.
But though the colonial fathers were stern and righteously
disciplinarian, the colonial mothers were loving and tender, as are
mothers everywhere and in all times, and Mistress Fayerweather
and Mistress Noyes each bore off her weeping boy to the noon-
house and filled his empty stomach well with dough-nuts and pork
and peas and pumpkin-bread, until, with comfort and plenty within,
external woes and past terrors were forgotten.
 THE DOCTOR’S PIE-PLATES
Many of my cherished china treasures, having no historical
association and being of comparatively coarse ware, would be of
little value on the shelves of a collector, and also of little interest to
the general observer; but they are endeared to me by the
remembrance of the circumstances under which they were found, or
by some story connected with their past owner or their past history.
I have a set of dark-blue Staffordshire plates, known as the
“Doctor’s Pie-plates,” which are resplendent with an interest that
does not come from their glorious color, rich as it is, nor from the wit
of the humorous scenes they represent. The plates, named,
respectively, “Dr. Syntax’s Noble Hunting-party,” “Dr. Syntax Upsets
the Beehives,” “Dr. Syntax Painting the Portrait of His Landlady,” “Dr.
Syntax Taking Possession of His Rectory,” and “Dr. Syntax Star-
gazing,” are printed from a set of pictures drawn by Thomas
Rowlandson, one of the most celebrated designers of humorous and
amusing subjects of his day. They were drawn and engraved to
illustrate a book published by William Combe, in 1812, called “Dr.
Syntax’s Tour in Search of the Picturesque.” A second tour, “In
Search of Consolation,” appeared in 1820. This was also illustrated
by Rowlandson. A third tour, “In Search of a Wife,” was printed the
following year. These books had an immense and deserving
popularity. Not only did these blue Staffordshire plates appear,
copying the amusing designs from the Dr. Syntax illustrations, but a
whole set of Derby figures were modelled—Dr. Syntax Walking, In a
Green-room, At York, At the Bookseller’s, Going to Bed, Tied to a
Tree, Scolding the Landlady, Playing the Violin, Attacked by a Bull,
Mounted on Horseback, Crossing the Lake, Landing at Calais, etc.,
and also were sold in large numbers.
The “Doctor’s Pie-plates” did not, however, receive their name on
account of the presence of the laughable figure of Dr. Syntax in their
design, but from a far different and more serious and deeply felt
reason. They were once used as pie-plates; or, rather, I should say
more exactly and truthfully, were used once as pie-plates, and the
story of that solitary pie-episode in their history, with the succeeding
results of their one period of use in that capacity, will explain their
fresh, unused condition, and show why I prize them so highly, and
reveal also the reason why I call them the “Doctor’s Pie-plates.” The
name has a deep significance; the pie-plates are captured trophies
of past war, sad emblems of hopeless rebellion, never-fading
ceramic proofs and emblems of the selfishness, the tyranny of man.
In the latter part of the eighteenth century, an American gentleman
married in England an English lady of some wealth. They brought to
America with them in a sailing-vessel, as part of the bride’s wedding-
outfit, a gayly painted, richly mounted travelling-coach. In this great
coach they rode in grand style with four post-horses from Boston to
Albany, New York, and Philadelphia, and back to the little town in
Narragansett, which was ever after their home. In due time they
died, and left to their only son, a physician, all their worldly goods,
including the old coach, and the far less desirable inheritance of a
high and stubborn temper, and a firm and deep-seated veneration for
English customs, manners, traditions, and productions, which would
be worthy an Anglomaniac of the present day. He, however, made
one unfortunate and incomprehensible deviation from his Anglo-
worship when he married an American wife. As years went on, the
Doctor grew more and more overbearing and dictatorial, especially in
his household (as some English husbands are also said to be), and
in the matter of food and of cooking—those unfortunate hobbies of
an ill-tempered man—he took, perhaps, the most violent stand.
Never did any other wife have to hear so often the words, “as my
mother used to cook it,” and “they don’t do it so in England,” or have
to listen so frequently to acrimonious expressions of dislike of
American cooks and cooking. Pork and beans, “cracker johnny-
cake,” Indian-pudding, even the purely Dutch dough-nuts were
banished from his board; for not only did he refuse to eat these New
England dishes himself, but would not let his wife and daughters,
either. He also became unjust enough bumptiously to denounce as
“American” and “taboo” any food (no matter of what nationality)
which did not suit his fancy or which chanced to disagree with him.
 On an unlucky day, having eaten too greedily of mince-pie (for he
had a fine English appetite), he passed his universal banishing
dictum on that darling of New England hearts and stomachs—the
pie. From thenceforth on feast-days only English plum-pudding was
served for dessert. To the New England wife, accustomed to see at
least four kinds of pie offered to “company,” if one made pretence
even of being truly hospitable and housewifely, the lonely pudding
was a great and almost unbearable source of grief and mortification,
and many a struggle did she make (trying to imitate her forefathers
of old) against the English yoke, but in vain; pieless and barren for
years was her table. But reinforcing troops at last came to her
rescue; for three daughters were grown, and, brave and strong with
youth, they dared to rebel more openly and recklessly than their
browbeaten mother.
In 1830 all the Doctor’s relatives, far and near, were invited to eat
“Thanksgiving dinner” with him and his family; for he was hospitable
enough, in his own fashion; in all, thirty were to sit down at his board.
On the day before Thanksgiving, mother, daughters, and “help” were
all busy at work from early morning in the great pantry and kitchen,
making careful preparation for the coming dinner, and brisk sounds
of chopping and pounding and mixing were heard, and savory smells
and spicy vapors filled the house. Toward the close of the day, when
their work was nearly done, they suddenly heard, to their terror, the
sound of the Doctor’s cane (for he was badly crippled with that
typical English disease, the gout) thump, thumping through the halls
and rooms to the kitchen, an apartment he seldom visited. With
palpitating hearts but firm countenances they stood in a hollow
square for strength, as does any determined band, while he walked
past them to the “buttery,” where were placed in military rows twenty-
six of those hated abominations, pies—mince-pies, pumpkin and
apple and cranberry, and, the crowning dainty of all, “Marlboro’” pies.
Their only hope of salvation was that in the dull, fading November
light the tyrant might not discover the forbidden pastry; and, indeed,
he did not appear to do so, for he merely glanced scowlingly around,
and, without speaking, hobbled back to his office. Once more they
breathed freely, and the eldest daughter said, cheerfully: “Now, girls,
nothing can happen; if he had seen them we should have had to give
them away; but he won’t know anything about it now until they are
brought on the table with the pudding, and he will be most through
his bottle of port then—but oh, what shall we do when the company
goes?”
Poor souls! they slept for one night the happy, unconscious sleep
of the victorious, the hospitable, and awoke on Thanksgiving morn to
find every pie vanished from the pantry-shelf. Every pie? Yes, and
every pie-plate, too!—twenty-six of the new English blue-and-white
stone-ware plates. At first they really believed, in their simplicity, that
a thief must have entered from outside and stolen them; but why
should the marauder take pies, and no other food? Then, too, there
was not a foot-print on the light snow which had fallen early in the
evening. No; the Doctor must have stolen his wife’s pies! But where
could he have hidden the pie-plates? For weeks, yes, for years, they
searched in every nook and corner; through the hay in the barns,
behind the logs of wood in the sheds, in old barrels and boxes in the
cellar, in closets, in trunks, under the eaves in the attic; and they
even peered out on the roof behind the peaks of the gable-windows,
but no pie-plates could they find. The grim old Doctor kept his
silence, until his daughters grew at last to think that some thief must
have entered in spite of apparent impossibility.
Thirty-six years later, in 1866, the aged Doctor died, and went,
doubtless, to an English paradise. His browbeaten wife had given up
the struggle many years before. The daughters, now elderly women,
with a long-concealed but unsubdued hatred born of years of
tyrannical browbeating and oppression, at once made a triumphal
holocaust of many of the cherished treasures of the British tyrant;
and the first victim doomed to destruction was the old English coach
in which their English grandmother had ridden in state through the
country. This broken-down, moth-eaten, rat-nibbled, cobweb and
dirt-filled relic had stood unused for fifty years—an abominable
nuisance, an inconvenient obstruction, a hated eyesore, in the
carriage-house connected with their dwelling. The Doctor had
cherished it on account of its English birthplace; but now its fate was
sealed. As the first heavy blow of the destroying iconoclastic axe
struck the hated coach, a loud rattle as of falling crockery was heard,
and the executioner paused. A careful investigation discovered an
unknown compartment under the driver’s seat which had been
constructed for the purpose of hiding despatch-boxes and, perhaps,
the bride’s jewel-cases—and in this hiding-place were twenty-six dirt-
covered, dark-blue Staffordshire plates. A sudden light of
comprehension and recognition came into the faces of the sisters—
here were the long-lost pie-plates! The cantankerous old Doctor had
craftily arisen in the night, hobbled out silently, in spite of his gout,
thrown the carefully and daintily made Thanksgiving pies to the pigs,
stealthily packed the plates in the old coach, watched maliciously the
unsuccessful plate-search, kept silence throughout the despoiled
Thanksgiving dinner and through nearly forty pieless years, and died
triumphant.
Half of this treasure-trove, which the Doctor could hide, but,
happily, could not take with him, were the Dr. Syntax plates; and
from that half came my share. The other plates were of well-known
English views—Payn’s Hill, the City of Liverpool, Blenheim Castle,
Fulham Church-yard, Windsor Castle—no American views were on
any of his crockery; no landing of Lafayette, no State plates, were
ever allowed to grace that rank old Tory’s pantry.
Thus, one good, one noble result came from this “ugly trick”—the
hidden pie-plates were all saved unscratched, unbroken, for the
Doctor’s kinsfolk to-day, who, in gratitude for his unintentional
posthumous favor, suitably reward him by telling the story of his
spiteful midnight theft whenever we show the plates. And, moreover,
we wantonly and openly insulted and jeered at his memory and his
gastronomic laws by formally and derisively naming the dark-blue
salvage from the coach the Doctor’s Pie-plates.
 MY DELFT APOTHECARY JARS
The circumstances under which I first saw my old Delft apothecary
jars were so painful, so mortifying, that for a long time I could not
bear even to think of them; but now, as years have passed and
softened the sharp lines, I will write account of that unique
adventure.
We were one day, as was our wont, hunting in old Narragansett for
ancient china and colonial furniture, but even on that historic and
early-settled ground had met with scant success. At last, on an out-
of-the-way road, was found a clew.
We were driving slowly along, when the door of a long, low wood-
shed opened, and an elderly man walked out on the single broad
stone step and stood, in the lazy country fashion, staring openly and
sociably at us as we passed by. He had in one hand a piece of dark
wood which he was slowly rubbing with sand-paper. We had driven
past his door when my companion suddenly exclaimed: “That man
had a claw-foot.”
“A claw-foot!” I answered in astonishment; “what do you mean?—a
cloven foot or a club-foot, perhaps?”
“No, you goose; that man had in his hand a claw-foot—the leg of a
chair, I am sure, and I am going back to see to what it belongs.”
So we whisked the pony around and drove to the door where the
claw-footed man still stood, and we then saw in the one dingy
window a small sign bearing the words

ELAM CHADSEY
GENERAL REPAIRER