Differential Equation

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½

Section (A) : Degree & Order, Differential equation formation

[k.M (A) : ?kkr ,oa dksfV] vody lehdj.k cukuk
A-1. Find the order and degree of the following differential equations -
fuEufyf[kr vody lehdj.kksa dh dksfV vkSj ?kkr Kkr dhft, &
2
 d2 y   dy 
3
(i)  2  +  dx  + y = 0
4
Ans. (2, 2)
 dx   
2
 d3 y  d3 y  dy 
4
(ii)  3  + 3 +   =y Ans. (3, 2)
 dx  dx  dx 
 dy 
(iii) sin–1   =x+y Ans. 1, 1
 dx 
 dy  1
(iv)  dx  + y = dy Ans. 1, 2
 
dx
d3 y
d2 y
e dx – x
3
(v) +y=0 Ans. 3, degree is not applicable (?kkr ifjHkkf"kr ugha gSA)
dx 2

5/2
  dy 2  d3 y
(vi) 1     x Ans. 3, 2
  dx   dx3
d2 y  dy 
(vii) = sin  x 
dx 2
 dx 
Ans. 2, degree is not applicable (?kkr ifjHkkf"kr ugha gSA)
Sol. (i) Order 2
degree 2
(ii) 3, 2
dy
(iii) = sin(x + y)
dx
order : 1 degree : 1
(iv) 1, 2
(v) 3, degree is not applicable
(vi) 3, 2
(vii) 2, degree is not applicable.
Hindi. (i) dksfV 2
?kkr 2
(ii) 3, 2
dy
(iii) = sin(x + y)
dx
dksfV -1 ?kkr -1
(iv) 1, 2

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Differential Equation

(v) 3, ?kkr ifjHkkf"kr ugha gSA

(vi) 3, 2
(vii) 2, ?kkr ifjHkkf"kr ugha gSA

A-2. Identify the order of the following equations, (where a, b, c, d are parameters)
fuEufyf[kr lehdj.kksa dh dksfV Kkr dhft,] (tgk¡ a, b, c, d izkpy gSA) –
(i) (sin a) x + (cos a) y =  Ans. 1
(ii) y2 = 4a ex+b Ans. 1
(iii) n (ay) = bex + c Ans. 2
   
(iv) y = tan   ax  tan   ax  + cebx+d Ans. 2
4  4 
Sol. (i) arbitary constant 1 so order is one.
(ii) y2 = 4(aeb) ex = 4cex
arbitary constant 1 so order 1
(iii)  na + ny = bex + c
 ny= bex + c
order 2
1  tanax 1  tanax
(iv) y= . + (ced)ebx = 1 + kebx
1  tanax 1  tanax
two arbitary constant   order 2
Hindi. (i) ,sfPNd vpj 1 gSA vr% Øe 1 gSA
(ii) y2 = 4(aeb) ex = 4cex
,sfPNd vpj 1 gSA vr% Øe 1 gSA
(iii)  na + ny = bex + c
 ny= bex + c
dksfV 2
Hindi. (i) ,sfPNd vpj 1 gSA vr% Øe 1 gSA
(ii) y2 = 4(aeb) ex = 4cex
,sfPNd vpj 1 gSA vr% Øe 1 gSA
(iii)  na + ny = be + c x

 ny= bex + c
dksfV 2
1  tanax 1  tanax
(iv) y= . + (ced)ebx = 1 + kebx
1  tanax 1  tanax
,sfPNd vpj 2 gSA  dksfV 2 gSA

A-3. Form differential equations to the curves

(i) y2 = m (n2 – x2), where m, n are arbitrary constants.
(ii) ax2 + by2 = 1, where a & b are arbitrary constants.
(iii) xy = ae–x + bex
fuEufyf[kr oØksa ls cuus okyh vody lehdj.k Kkr dhft, &
(i) y2 = m (n2 – x2), tgk¡ m, n LosPN vpj gSA
(ii) ax2 + by2 = 1, tgk¡ a o b LosPN vpj gSA
(iii) xy = ae–x + bex
2
d2 y  dy  dy
Ans. (i) xyy2 + (xy1 – y) y1 = 0 (ii) xy 2
 x  y =0
dx  dx  dx
d2 y dy
(iii) x 2
+2 = xy
dx dx
Sol. (i) y2 = m(x2 – x2)  y2 = k1 – k2x2
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Differential Equation

2yy = –2k2x
(y)2 + yy = –k2
yy = x(y 2 + y)
 xyy + (xy – y) y = 0

(ii) ax2 + by2 = 1 ...(1)

2ax + 2byy = 0 ...(2)
2a + 2b(y 2 + yy) = 0 ...(3)
solving (1) (2) & (3)
xyy + xy2 – yy = 0
(iii) xy = ae–x + bex
(y + yx) = –ae–x + bex
y + yx + y = ae–x + bex
d2 y dy
x 2 +2 = xy
dx dx

Hindi (i) y2 = m(x2 – x2)  y2 = k1 – k2x2

2yy = –2k2x
(y)2 + yy = –k2
yy = x(y 2 + y)
 xyy + (xy – y) y = 0

(ii) ax2 + by2 = 1 ...(1)

2ax + 2byy = 0 ...(2)
2a + 2b(y 2 + yy) = 0 ...(3)
(1), (2) ,oa (3) dks gy djus ij
xyy + xy2 – yy = 0
(iii) xy = ae–x + bex
(y + yx) = –ae–x + bex
y + yx + y = ae–x + bex
d2 y dy
x 2 +2 = xy
dx dx
A-4. (i) Form diffrential equation of all circles touching both positive co-ordinate axes.
(ii) Form diffrential equation of all straight lines at a distance unity from (2, 0)
(iii) Form D.E of locus of a point whose distance from origin is equal to distance from line x + y +  = 0
where  is a variable parameter.
(i) nksuksa /kukRed funsZ’'kkad v{kksa dks Li'kZ djus okys lHkh o`Ùkksa dh vody lehdj.k cukb;sA
(ii) fcUnq (2, 0) ls bdkbZ nwjh ij lHkh ljy js[kkvksa dh vody lehdj.k cukb;sA
(iii) fcUnqvksa ds fcUnqiFk dh vody lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tcfd fcUnq dh ewy fcUnq ls nwjh js[kk x + y +  = 0 ls
nwjh ds cjkcj gS] tgk¡  izkpy gSA
x  yy '  x  yy '  2
Ans. (i) x + y – 2
2 2
(x+y) + 0
1 y ' 1  y ' 2
(ii) (1 + y’2) = (y – (x –2) y’)2
(iii) (1 + y’) x 2  y 2 = ± 2(x  yy ')
Sol. (i) (x–r)2 + (y–r)2 = r2  x2 + y2 – 2r(x+y) + r2 = 0
dy
2(x–r) + 2(y–r) = 0 r{1+ y’} = x + yy’
dx
x  yy '  x  yy ' 
2
x2 + y2 – 2 (x+y) + 0
1 y ' 1  y ' 2
(ii)

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 Differential Equation

(2, 0)
(x–2)2 + y2 = 1 sin2+ cos2= 1
(x–2) cos+ y sin = 1 1 + y’2 = (y – (x–2)y’)2
cos+ y’sin= 0 Aliter: let line be ¼oSdfYid gy% ekuk js[kk dk lehdj.k y = mx + c
–(x–2)y’ sin+ ysin= 1 mx – y + c = 0 gSA
1 | 2m  c |
sin = = 1  2m + y – mx =  1  m2
y  (x  2)y ' 1  m2
y '
cos =  y’ –m = 0
y  (x  2)y '
so (2y’ + y – y’x)2 = 1 + y’2
(1 + y’2) = (y – (x –2) y’)2
(iii) Let (h, k) ekuk (h, k) fcUnq gSA
hk 
 h2  k 2
2
{(h + k) + }2 = 2(h2 + k2)    (h + k) +  = ± 2 h2  k 2
2(2x  2yy ')
x + y +  = ± 2 x 2  y 2  1 + y’ = ±
x2  y2
 (1 + y’) x 2  y 2 = ± 2(x  yy ')

Section (B) : Variable separable, Homogeneous equation, polar substitution

[k.M (B) : pj i`FkDdj.k] le?kkr lehdj.k] /kqzoh; çfrLFkkiu
B-1. Solve the following differential equations
fuEu vody lehdj.kksa dks gy dhft, &
dy 1
(i) (1 + cosx) dy = (1 – cosx) dx (ii) – x sin2x =
dx x log x
dy x(2 nx  1)
(iii) 
dx sin y  y cos y
Ans. (i) y = 2 tan x/2 – x + c
x2 1 1
(ii) y=  x sin2x – cos2x + log |logx| + c
4 4 8
(iii) y siny = x2nx + c
x
2cos2
dx 1  cos x dx 2 = cot2 x x
    dy =  tan dx 
2
Sol. (i) = =
dy 1  cos x dy x 2 2
2 sin2
2
x
   y = 2 tan –x+c
2
dy 1 dy 1  (1  cos2x) 1 
(ii)
dx
– x sin2 x =
x log x

dx
= x sin2 x +
x log x
  dy =   x 2
  dx
xlog x 
 x2 1
1 1 

  y=   x sin2x  cos2x  + log(log x) + C
2
2 2 4 


dy x(2 n x  1)
(iii) =
dx sin y  y cos y
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 Differential Equation

 (sin y  y cos y)dy =  (2x n x  x)dx

using by parts
y sin y = x2 nx + C
x
2cos2
dx 1  cos x dx 2 = cot2 x x
    dy =  tan dx 
2
Hindi. (i) = =
dy 1  cos x dy x 2 2
2 sin2
2
x
   y = 2 tan –x+c
2
dy 1 dy 1  (1  cos2x) 1 
(ii)
dx
– x sin2 x =
x log x

dx
= x sin2 x +
x log x
  dy =   x 2
  dx
xlog x 
1
x
2
1 1 

  y=   x sin2x  cos2x  + log(log x) + C

2 2 2 4 

dy x(2 n x  1)
(iii) =
dx sin y  y cos y

 (sin y  y cos y)dy =  (2x n x  x)dx

[k.M'k% lekdyu ls
y sin y = x2 nx + C

B-2. Solve : [16JM120594]

gy dhft,&
dy dy
(i) = sin(x + y) + cos(x + y) (ii) + ex–y + ey–x = 1
dx dx
xy
Ans. (i) log tan   1 = x + c (ii) tan–1 (ey–x) + x = c
 2 

dy
Sol. (i) = sin(x + y) + cos(x + y)
dx
x+y=u
dy du
1+ =
dx dx
du
– 1 = sin u + cos u
dx
du xy
 1  sinu  cosu =  dx  log tan  1 = x + c
 2 
dy dy dt
(ii) + ex–y + ey–x = 1 put y – x = t j[kus ij  –1=
dx dx dx
dt et  ey 
 1+ + e–t + et = 1  dt + dx = 0  tan–1 (et) + x = c  tan–1  x  + x = c
dx 1  e2t e
 
B-3. Solve :
gy dhft,&
x dx  y dy 1  x2  y2 xdx  ydy xdy  ydx
(i)  (ii) 
x dy  y dx x2  y2 x2  y2 x2
c(x  y) y
Ans. (i) x2  y2  1  x2  y2  (ii) x2  y2 = +c
x y
2 2 x

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 Differential Equation

xdx – ydy 1  x2 – y2
Sol. (i) 
xdy – ydx x2 – y2
x = r sec
y = r tan
  x2 – y2 = r2
dx = r sec tan d + sec dr
dy = r sec2 d+ tan dr
r dr 1 r2 dr

r sec  d
2
=
r 2
   1 r2

 sec  d 

c (x  y)
 on solving gy djus ij x2 – y2 + 1  x2 – y2 = 
x2 – y2
(ii) Put x = rcos & y = rsin  x2 + y2 = r2  xdx + ydy = rdr
y
= tan  xdy – ydx = r2d
x
xdx  ydy xdy  ydx

x2  y2 x2

rdr r 2 d
   dr =  sec  d
2
= 2
r r cos2 
r = tan + c
y
x2  y2 = +c
x

B-4. Solve :
(i) x2 dy + y(x + y) dx = 0, given that y = 1, when x = 1
y y 
(ii) y cos  xdy  ydx   x sin  xdy  ydx   0 , when y(1) = .
x x 2

gy dhft, –
(i) x2 dy + y(x + y) dx = 0 fn;k x;k gS tc x = 1, rc y = 1
y y 
(ii) y cos  xdy  ydx   x sin  xdy  ydx   0 , tc y(1) = .
x x 2


Ans. (i) 3x2y = 2x + y (ii) xy sin (y/x) =
2

Sol. (i) x2 dy + y(x + y)dx = 0 & rFkk at y = 1 x=1 ij

dy y(x  y)
=– Let ekuk y = tx
dx x2
dt  t(1  t)
t+x =
dx 1
dt dx
 – 
t 2  2t
=
x
dt
– 
t(t  2)
= nx + c

1
– (n t – n(t + 2) = nx + c
2
at x = 1 ij y = 1   t=1
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Differential Equation

n3
 c=  3x2 y = 2x + y
2
y y y
(ii) yx2 cos d +x sin d(xy) = 0
x x x
y y d(xy)
cot   d    –
x x  (xy)
y
n sin   = –n(xy) + nc
x

dy y2  2xy  x 2
B-5. Find the equation of the curve satisfying  and passing through (1, –1).
dx x 2  2xy  y 2
dy y2  2xy  x 2
 dks larq"V djus okys vkSj fcUnq (1, –1) ls xqtjus okys oØ dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
dx x 2  2xy  y 2
Ans. x+y=0
dy y 2 – 2xy – x 2
Sol. = 2  –1
dx x  2xy – y 2
dy

dx
1 0    dy  dx  0  y+x=k

it passes through (1, – 1)

 k=0
Equation of curve x + y = 0
dy y 2 – 2xy – x 2
Hindi = 2  –1
dx x  2xy – y 2
dy

dx
1 0    dy  dx  0  y+x=k

;g (1, – 1) ls xqtjrh gSA

 k=0
oØ dk lehdj.k x + y = 0
B-6. Identify the conic whose differential equation is (1 + y2) dx – xydy = 0 and passing through (1, 0). Also
find its focii and eccentricity
fcUnq (1, 0) ls xqtjus okys vkSj vody lehdj.k (1 + y2) dx – xydy = 0 dks larq"V djus okys 'kkado dk lehdj.k
Kkr dhft, rFkk ukfHk o mRdsUnzrk Hkh Kkr dhft,A
Ans. Conic 'kkado : x2 – y2 = 1 (hyperbola vfrijoy;)
focii ukfHk;k¡ : (± 2 , 0), e = 2
dx y
Sol.  x
=  1 y 2
dy

1
nx = n(1 + y2) + c
2
 x2 
n 
 1  y 2 
= k1
 
 x2 = k2 (1 + y2)
at (1, 0) k2 = 1 (1, 0) ij k2 = 1
x =1+y
2 2

e= 2 focii (± 2 , 0) e= 2 ukfHk;k¡ (± 2 , 0)

B–7. If a curve passes through the point (1, /4) and its slope at any point (x, y) on it is given by y/x –
cos2(y/x), then find the equation of the curve.

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Differential Equation

;fn ,d oØ fcUnq (1, /4) ls xqtjrk gS vkSj blds fdlh fcUnq (x, y) ij izo.krk y/x – cos2y/x }kjk nh tkrh gks] rks
oØ dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. tan y/x = 1 – log x.
dy y y dt
Sol. = – cos2 put y = tx y = tx j[kus ij t + x = t – cos2 t
dx x x dx
dt dt
x = –cos2 t t+x = t – cos2 t
dx dx
 tan t = –nx + C
y
 tan = –n x + C
x
  
it passes through  1,  ;g  1,  ls xqtjrk gSA
 4  4 
C=1
y
 tan + n x = 1
x

B-8. (i) The temperature T of a cooling object drops at a rate which is proportional to the difference
T – S, where S is constant temperature of the surrounding medium.
dT
Thus, = –k (T – S), where k > 0 is a constant and t is the time. Solve the differential
dt
equation if it is given that T(0) = 150.
(ii) The surface area of a spherical balloon, being inflated changes at a rate proportional to time t.
If initially its radius is 3 units and after 2 seconds it is 5 units, find the radius after t seconds.
(iii) The slope of the tangent at any point of a curve is  times the slope of the straight line joining
the point of contact to the origin. Formulate the differential equation representing the problem and
hence find the equation of the curve.

(i) ,d ik=k dk rkieku T ftl nj ls fxj jgk gS og vUrj T – S ds lekuqikrh gS] tgk¡ S ckg~; okrkoj.k dk
dT
fu;r rkieku gSA vr% = – k (T – S), tgk¡ k > 0 ,d fLFkjkad gS vkSj t le; gSA vody lehdj.k gy dhft,
dt
;fn T(0) = 150 fn;k x;k gksA
(ii) ,d xksykdkj xqCckjs ds i`"Bh; {ks=kQy esa ifjorZu dh nj le; t ds lekuqikrh gSA ;fn bldh izkjfEHkd
f=kT;k 3 bdkbZ vkSj 2 lsd.M ds ckn ;g 5 bdkbZ gS] rks t lsd.M i'pkr~ f=kT;k Kkr dhft,A
(iii) ,d oØ ds fdlh fcUnq ij Li'kZ js[kk dh izo.krk ml fcUnq dks ewyfcUnq ls feykus okyh js[kk dh izo.krk
dh  xquh gSA bls fu:fir djus okyh vody lehdj.k Kkr dhft, vkSj bldh lgk;rk ls oØ dk lehdj.k Kkr
dhft,A
TS
Ans. (i) = e–kt (ii) r = 4t 2  9 units (bdkbZ)
150  S
(iii) y = kx where, k is some constant
y = kx tgk¡ k vpj gSA
dT
Sol. (i) = –k(T – S)  n(T – S) = –kt + C
dt
 n(S0 – S) = C
 TS 
 n  = –kt
 S0  S 
d
(ii) (4r2) = kt
dt

 d(4r  kt dt
2
)=

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 Differential Equation

kt 2
 4r2 = +c
2
t = 0; r = 3  c = 36 
 t = 2; r = 5  k = 32 
  r2 = 4t2 + 9
 r = 4t 2  9
dy y
(iii) =
dx x
ny = nx + C
 y = kx



B-9. Find the curve such that the distance between the origin and the tangent at an arbitrary point is equal to
the distance between the origin and the normal at the same point.
ml oØ dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftlds fdlh LosPN fcUnq ij Li'kZ js[kk vkSj ewyfcUnq ds chp dh nwjh mlh fcUnq
ij vfHkyEc vkSj ewyfcUnq ds chp dh nwjh ds cjkcj gksA
y
 tan1
Ans. x2  y2 = ce x

| y  mx | | my  x |
Sol. =
1 m 2
1  m2
|y – mx| = |my + x|  y – mx = ±(my + x) ...(i)
by taking positive sign /kukRed fpg~u ysus ij
y – mx = my + x
y – x = m(x + y)
dy yx
m= = let y = tx ekuk y = tx
dx yx
dt t 1
t+ x =
dx t 1
t dt dt
–  1 t 2
– 
1  t2
= n x + c

1
– n(1 + t2) – tan–1 t = n x + c
2
y
n x2  y2 = –tan–1 +c
x
 tan1  y / x 
  x2  y2 = c e 1

from equ. (i) by taking negative sign lehdj.k (i) esa _.kkRed fpg~u ysus ij
y
1
dy
= x put y = tx y = tx j[kus ij
dx y
1
x
dt t 1
t + x =
dx t  1
1 t dx
 dt =
1 t 2 x
1
 tan–1 t – n(1 + t2) = nx + c
2
y 1y / x
n x  y = +tan–1
2 2
+ c  x2  y2 = c2 etan
x
1y / x
then final solution x2  y2 = c e tan

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Differential Equation

1y / x
rc vHkh"V gy x2  y2 = c e tan

B-10. Find the curve such that the ordinate of any of its points is the geometric mean between the abscissa
and the sum of the abscissa and subnormal at the point.
oØ dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftl ij fLFkr fdlh fcUnq dh dksfV] Hkqt vkSj ml fcUnq ij v/kks%yEc ,oa Hkqt ds ;ksx
ds chp xq.kksÙkj ek/; ds cjkcj gSA
x4  c
Ans. y2 = or (;k) y2 + 2x2nx = cx2
2x 2

Sol. y= x(x  yy)

y dy
 y2 = x2 + x
dx
dy dy dt
case-I : y2 = x2 + xy put y2 = t  2y =
dx dx dx
dy dy dt
fLFkfr-I : y2 = x2 + xy y2 = t j[kus ij 2y =
dx dx dx
x dt
 t = x2 +
2 dx
after solving gy djus ij
t
+ 2nx = c
x2
y2
 2 + 2n x = c
x
dy dy dt
case-II : y2 = x2 – xy put y2 = t   2y =
dx dx dx
dy dy dt
fLFkfr-II : y2 = x2 – xy y2 = t j[kus ij 2y =
dx dx dx
x dt
 t = x2 –
2 dx
after solving gy djus ij
x4
tx2 – +c=0
2
x4
 y2x2 – +c=0
2

Section (C) : Linear upon linear, Linear diff. eq. & bernaullis diff. eq.
[k.M (C) : jSf[kd Hkkx] jSf[kd vody lehdj.k ,oa cjukWyh vody lehdj.k
C-1. Solve : [16JM120596]
gy dhft, –
(i) (2x – y + 1) dx + (2y – x – 1) dy = 0
dy 4x  6y  5
(ii) =
dx 3y  2x  4
(iii) (2x + 3y – 5) dy + (3x + 2y – 5) dx = 0
dy 3x  4y  7
(iv) 4 
dx xy
3
Ans. (i) x2 + y2 – xy + x – y = c (ii) y – 2x + n (24y + 16x + 23) = c
8

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Differential Equation

(iii) 4xy + 3 (x2 + y2) – 10 (x + y) = c (iv) 8xy – 4y2 = 3 x2 +14x + C

Sol. (i) (2x – y + 1)dx + (2y – x – 1)dy = 0
(2x + 1)dx + (2y – 1)dy – (ydx + xdy) = 0
integrating it lekdyu djus ij
x2 + x + y2 – y – xy = c
dy dv
(ii) 3y + 2x = v  3 +2=
dx dx
1  dv  2v  5
 2 =
3  dx  v4
dv 6v  15 8v  23
= +2=
dx v4 v4
8v  32
dv = 8dx
8v  23
 9 
 1  8v  23  dv = 8dx
 
9
v+ n(8v + 23) = 8x + c
8
3
y – 2x + n(24y + 16x + 23) = k
8
(iii) b1 + a2 = 0
 (2y dx + 2x dy) + 3y dy – 5 dy + 3x dy – 5 dx = 0
3y 2 3x 2
 2xy + – 5y + – 5x + c = 0
2 2
(iv) 4x dy –4ydy = 3 x dx – 4ydx + 7dx 4(xdy + ydx) –4ydy = 3 x dx + 7dx
3 3 2
 4d(xy) –  2d(y  
d(x 2 )  7 dx  4xy – 2y2 =
2
)= x + 3x + d
2 2
 8xy – 4y2 = 3 x2 +14x + C

C-2. Solve :
gy dhft,&
dy
(i) = y tanx – 2sinx (ii) (1 + y + x2y) dx + (x + x3)dy = 0
dx
dy dy
(iii)  (x + 3y2) = y, y > 0 (iv) (1 + x2) + 2xy = cosx
dx dx
Ans. (i) y = cosx + k secx (ii) yx = – tan–1x + c
x
(iii) = 3y + C (iv) (1 + x2)y = sin x + C
y

dy
Sol. (i) = y tanx – 2 sinx
dx
dy
– y tanx = – 2sinx
dx

.F. = e 
– tan x dx
 |cos x | lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e 
– tan x dx
 |cos x |
cos 2x
y cosx = +c
2
cos 2x
 y = + secx c  y = cosx + k secx
cos x

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Differential Equation

dy – (1  y  x 2 y)
(ii) =
dx x  x3
dy y(1  x 2 ) –1
+ =
dx x(1  x ) x  x3
2

dy –1
+ y/x =
dx x(1  x 2 )
 .F. = x lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = x
d –1
(yx) =  yx = – tan–1x + c
dx 1 x 2

dy y
(iii) =
dx x  3y 2
dy x
– = 3y
dx y
1 1
  y dy 1   y dy 1
I.F. = e = lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e =
y y
x y dy x
y
= 3 y

y
= 3y + C

dy
(iv) (1 + x2) + 2xy = cos x
dx
dy 2x cos x
+ y=
dx 1  x 2
1  x2
I.F. = 1 + x 2
lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = 1 + x2
d
(y (1 + x2) = cos x
dx
(1 + x2)y = sin x + C

C-3 Solve : [16JM120595]

gy dhft,&
dy dy y2  x
(i) x + y = x2y4 (ii) 2 =
dx dx xy  y
dy
(iii) = e x  y (e x  e y )
dx
(iv) y y sin x = cos x (sin x  y 2 )
1
Ans. (i) = 3x2 + kx3 (ii) y2 + (1 + x) n(1 + x) + 1 + c(1 + x)
y3
e y = ce– e  ex – 1
x
(iii)
2
(iv) y2 sin2 x = sin3 x + c
3
dy 1 dy y 1 x2
Sol. (i) x + y = x2y4  4 dx
+ . 4 =
dx y x y x
1 dy 1 1 3 dy dt
 4 dx
+ =x =t =
y xy 3 y 3
y 4 dx dx
1 dt t dt 3t
– + =x  – + 3x = 0
3 dx x dx x

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 Differential Equation

3 3
I.F. = e
  x dx = e nx3
=
1
lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e  x
 dx
= e nx3
=
1
3
x x3
1 dt t 1  t  1
– 3
+ 4 = 2  d  3  = 2 dx
3x dx x x  3x  x
t 1 1
– 3
=– +c  t = 3x2 – 3cx3 ( t = )
3x x y3
1
 = 3x2 + kx3
y3
dy y2  x dy y2 x
(ii) 2 =  2y = –
dx xy  y dx x 1 x 1
dt t x dy dt dy dt
 = – put y2 = t  2y = y2 = t j[kus ij 2y =
dx x 1 x 1 dx dx dx dx
1 1 1 1
I.F. = e
  x 1dx = e n 1 x = 1
lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e  x 1 = e 1 x =
 dx n 1
1 x 1 x
1 dt t x  t  x
 –
(1  x) dx (1  x)2
=
(1  x)2
  d  (1  x)  =  (1  x) 2
dx

t  1  t 1 1

1 x
=–   1  x  (1  x)
 dx 
 1 x
= – n(1 + x) –
2 1 x
+c

 y2 + (1 + x) n(1 + x) + 1 + c(1 + x)
dy dy e y dy
(iii) = ex – y
(e x – e y )  = e2x – y
– ex  = e2x – ex + y

dx dx dx
e y dy
   + ex ey = e2x
dx
e y dy dt e y dy dt
Let e y = t  = ekuk e y = t  =
dx dx dx dx
dt
 + ex t = e2x
dx

= e lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e

ex dx x ex dx x
 .F = ee = ee

 e e dx
x
ex
 t. ee = 2x
put e x = p

 pe dp
x
 t. ee = p

e y = ce– e  ex – 1
x
on solving gy djus ij
(iv) yy sin x = cos x(sin x – y2)
dy
y sin x = cos x sin x – y2 cos x
dx
dy
 y + y2 cot x = cos x
dx
1 dt 1 dt
put y2 = t  yy1 = y2 = t j[kus ij yy1 =
2 dx 2 dx
1 dt
  + t cot x = cos x
2 dx
dt
 + 2t cot x = 2 cos x
dx

I.F. = e lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e

2cot x dx 2cot x dx
= e2 nsin x
= sin2 x = e2 nsin x
= sin2 x

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Differential Equation

 t sin2 x =  2cos x sin

2
x dx
put sin x = p  cos x dx = dp sin x = p j[kus ij cos x dx = dp
3
p 2
 p dp = 2 3 + c  y2 sin2 x =
2
=2 sin3 x + c
3

C-4. (a) Find the integrating factor of the following equations

dy
(i) (x log x) + y = 2 log x Ans. ±n x
dx
dy
(ii) = y tan x – y 2 sec x, is Ans. ±sec x
dx
(b) If the integrating factor of x(1 – x 2 ) dy + (2x 2 y – y – ax 3 ) dx = 0 is e p . dx , then P is
equal to
(2x 2  1)
Ans.
x(1  x 2 )
(a) fuEufyf[kr lehdj.kks a ds lekdy xq . kka d Kkr dhft, &
dy dy
(i) (x log x) + y = 2 log x (ii) = y tan x – y 2 sec x, is
dx dx
(b) ;fn lehdj.k x(1 – x 2 ) dy + (2x 2 y – y – ax 3 ) dx = 0 dk lekdy xq . kka d e p . dx gks ] rks
P dk eku Kkr dhft,A

dy
Sol. (a) (i) (x log x) + y = 2 log x
dx
dy y 2
  + =
dx x log x x
1 1
 x log x dx n| n x|  x log x dx n| n x|
I.F. = e = e = |n x| lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e = e = |n x|
dy 1 dy 1
(ii) = y tan x – y2 sec x  2 dx
– tan x + sec x = 0
dx y y
1 1
Put =t = t j[kus ij
y y
1 dy dt
– =
y 2 dx dx
Now diff. equation vc vody lehdj.k
dt dt
– – t tan x + sec x = 0  + t tan x – sec x = 0
dx dx

I.F. = e lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e

tan x dx tan x dx
= e n|sec x| = |sec x| = e n|sec x| = |sec x|
dy
(b) x(1 – x 2 ) + y(2x 2 – 1) = ax 3
dx
dy  2x 2 – 1  ax3 2x 2 – 1
+ y   =  P =
dx  x(1– x 2 )  x (1– x 2 ) x(1– x 2 )
 

Section (D) : Exact differential equation, Higher degree & Higher Order differential equation
[k.M (D) : ;FkkFkZ vody lehdj.k] mPp ?kkr ,oa mPp dksfV dh vody lehdj.k
D-1 Solve the following differential equations
fuEu vody lehdj.k dks gy dhft,A
(i) xdy – ydx= x3dy + x2ydx

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Differential Equation

(ii) x2y(2xdy + 3ydx)=dy

(iii) x dy – ydx = x10y4 (3ydx + 4x dy)
Ans. (i) (y/x) = xy + C
(ii) x3y2 = y + c
4
1 y  x 6 .y8
(iii)  C
4  x  2

xdy  ydx
Sol. (i) = xdy + ydx  d(y/x) = d(xy)   (y/x) = xy + C
x2
(ii) 2yx3dy + 3x2y2 dx = dy  x3d(y2) + y2d(x3) = dy  d(x3y2) = dy
x3y2 = y + c
x dy – ydx
(iii) 2
= x8 y4 (3ydx + 4x dy)
x
x x
 d   = x6y(3x2y4dx + 4x3y3dy)  d   = x6y(3x2y4dx + 4x3y3dy)
y y
4
y3  y  1 y  x 6 .y8
 d
3 x
 x3 y 4 d(x3 y 4 )     C
x   4x 2

D-2. Solve gy dhft,&

(i) y(x2y + ex) dx = ex dy
dy
(ii) 2y sinx + y2 cosx + 2x = 0
dx
(iii) (1 + x x2  y2 ) dx + y (–1 + x2  y2 ) dy = 0
1 x x3
Ans. (i) e =– +c (ii) y2 sinx = –x2 + c
y 3
y2 1
(iii) x –  (x2 + y2)3/2 + c = 0
2 3
Sol. (i) y(x2y + ex) dx = ex dy
x y dx + exy dx = exdy
2 2

ex y dx – e x dy  ex 
x3 x3 ex
– x2dx = –= d    – = +c
y2 3 y  3 y
(ii) 2y sinx dy + (y2 cosx + 2x) dx = 0  d(y2 sinx) + 2xdx = 0  y2 sinx = – x2 + c
(iii) dx – ydx + x2  y2 (xdx + ydy) = 0
1
dx – ydy + . x2  y2 d(x2 + y2) = 0
2
y2 1 2
x– + (x + y2)3/2 + c = 0
2 3

D-3. Solve gy dhft,&

 dy  dy  dy c
(i)  y  x dx  dx  1  dx Ans. General solution O;kid gy : y = cx +
c 1
  
Singular solution fofp=k gy : y = ( x ± 1)2
2
dy  dy 
(ii) y + x. = x4   Ans. General solution O;kid gy : xy + c = c2x
dx  dx 

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Differential Equation

Singular solution fofp=k gy : 4x2y + 1 = 0

Sol.
dy
(i) Let ekuk =m
dx
 (y – xm)(m – 1) = m
m
 y = mx + ...(1)
m 1
1
y = mx + 1 +
m 1
differentiating w.r.t x x ds lkis{k vodyu djus ij
dy dm 1 dm
=m+x –
dx dx m  1 2 dx

dm  1 
 =0
 x
dx  m  12 
 
dm
 = 0 ..........  m=c ...(2)
dx
or
1
x– =0 ...(3)
m  12
eliminating m from equation (1) & (2) gives general solution of differential equation
lehdj.k (1) o (2) ls m dks gVkus ij] vody lehdj.k O;kid gy izkIr gksrk gSA
c
y = cx +
c 1
Now eliminating m from equation (1) and (3)
lehdj.k (1) vkSj (3) ls m dks foyksfir djus ij
1 1
(m – 1)2 =  m–1=±
x x
m=1±
 1 
y = mx 
 m  1 
 1 
 y = 1   (x ± x)
 x
y = ( x ± 1)2 singular solution fofp=k gy

dy
(ii) Let ekuk =m
dx
y + xm = x4(m2) ...(1)
differentiating w.r.t x x ds lkis{k vodyu djus ij
dy dm dm
+m+x = x4(2m) + 4(m2)x3
dx dx dx
dm  dm 
2m + x = 2mx3 2m  x
dx  dx 
 dm 
  2m  x (1 – 2mx3) = 0
 dx 
dm
 2m + x =0 or 1 – 2mx3 = 0 ...(2)
dx

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Differential Equation

2dx dm
 =0
x m
 2nx + nm = nc
 mx2 = c ...(3)
eliminating m from (1) & (3) (1) vkSj (3) ls m dks foyksfir djus ij
y + = c2
 xy + c = c2x general solution O;kid gy
eliminating m from (1) & (2) (1) vkSj (2) ls m dks gVkus ij
1
m=
2x 3
y + xm = x4(m2)
1 1
y+ 2
=
2x 4x 2
4x2y + 1 = 0 singular solution fofp=k gy

dy d2 y
D-4. Solve (here y1 = and y2 = 2 ) [16JM120597]
dx dx
d2 y dy d3 y d2 y 1
(i) = (ii) =8 satisfying y(0) = , y (0) = 0 and y2(0) = 1.
dx 2 dx dx 3
dx 2 8 1
gy dhft,–
dy d2 y
(y1 = vkSj y2 = 2 )
dx dx
d2 y dy d3 y d2 y 1
(i) = (ii) =8 tgk¡ y(0) = , y (0) = 0 ,o y2(0) = 1.
dx 2 dx dx 3
dx 2 8 1
Ans. (i) c1ex + c2 (ii) 64y = (e8x – 8x) + 7
dm
Sol. (i) =m 
dx
 nm = x + k  m = ex . ek   m = c1ex
dy
= c1ex
dx
y = c1ex + c2
d2 y
(ii) Let ekuk t =
dx 2
dt
= 8t
dx
 nt = 8x + c here ;gk¡ at x = 0, c = 0
2
d y
t = e8x   = e8x
dx 2
dy
now put vc m= j[kus ij
dx
dm
= e8x
dx
e8x
m= + c1
8
–1
at x = 0( x =0 ij) , c1 =
8

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Differential Equation

dy e8x 1
= –
dx 8 8
e8x x
y= – + c2
64 8

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

Section (A) : Degree & Order, Differential equation formation

[k.M (A) : ?kkr ,oa dksfV] vody lehdj.k cukuk
A-1. The order and degree of the differential equation
3/2
  dy 2 
1    
  dx  
r = are respectively
d2 y
dx 2
(A*) 2, 2 (B) 2, 3 (C) 2, 1 (D) none of these
3/2
  dy 2 
1    
  dx  
vody lehdj.k r = dh dksfV vkSj ?kkr Øe'k% gS &
d2 y
dx 2
(A) 2, 2 (B) 2, 3 (C) 2, 1 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
2 3
 d2 y    dy 2 
Sol.  2  r = 1  
2
 
 dx    dx  
order dksfV : 2
degree ?kkr : 2

A-2. The order of the differential equation whose general solution is given by
y = (C 1 + C 2 ) sin (x + C 3 ) – C 4 ex C5 is [16JM120598]
x C5
O;kid gy y = (C 1 + C 2 ) sin (x + C 3 ) – C 4 e okys vody lehdj.k dh dksfV gS &
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D*) 3
Sol. y = k1 sin (x + C3) – k2 e x
k 1 : C 1 + C2 ; k 2 = c 4 e C5

order dksfV : 3

A-3. The order and degree of differential equation of all tangent lines to par abola x 2 = 4y is
ijoy; x 2 = 4y dh lHkh Li'kZ js[kkvksa dh vody lehdj.k dh dksfV vkSj ?kkr gS &
(A*) 1, 2 (B) 2, 2 (C) 3, 1 (D) 4, 1
Sol. tangent to x = 4y
2
x = 4y dh Li'kZ js[kk
2

1
x = my +
m
dy  dy  1
m=  x = y  +
dx  dx  (dy / dx)
2
 dy   dy 
 x  = y  +1
 dx   dx 

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Differential Equation

 order = 1 degree = 2
 dksfV = 1 ?kkr = 2
2
 d2 y   dy 
1/ 3
A-4. If p and q are order and degree of differential equati on y  2  +3x   +x y = sin x,
2 2 2
 dx   dx 
 
then :
2
 d2 y  1/ 3
;fn vody lehdj.k y 2  2  +3x  
dy
+x 2 y 2 = sin x, dh dksfV vkSj ?kkr Øe'k% p vkSj q gkss] rks &
 dx   dx 
p 1
(A) p > q (B) = (C) p = q (D*) p < q
q 2
2
 d2 y   dy 
1/ 3
Sol. y  2  + x 2 y 2 – sinx = – 3x 
2

 dx   dx 
 
3
  2 2 
 y 2  d y   x 2 y 2 – sin x  = – 9x 3  dy 
  dx 2    dx 
 
 
here order = 2 = p
Degree = 6 = q  p < q
2
 d2 y   dy 
1/ 3
Hindi. y  2  + x 2 y 2 – sinx = – 3x 
2

 dx   dx 
 
3
  2 2 
 y 2  d y   x 2 y 2 – sin x  = – 9x 3  dy 
  dx 2    dx 
 
 
;gk¡ dksfV = 2 = p
?kkr = 6 = q  p < q

A-5. Family y = Ax + A 3 of curve represented by the differential equation of degree

(A*) three (B) two (C) one (D) four
oØ fudk; y = Ax + A 3 ftl vody lehdj.k }kjk fu:fir gksrh gS mldh ?kkr gS &
(A) rhu (B) nks (C) ,d (D) pkj
dy
Sol. y = Ax + A 3  = A
dx
3
dy  dy 
 y = x +   Degree ?kkr = 3
dx  dx 
A-6. The differential equation whose solution is (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = a2 is (a is a constant)
3 3 2
  dy 2  2   dy 2   2 
2 d y 2 d y
(A) 1      a (B*) 1      a  2  [16JM120599]
  dx   dx 2   dx    dx 
2 2 3
  dy  
3
 2    dy 2   2 
2 d y 2 d y
(C) 1      a  2  (D) 1      a  2 
  dx    dx    dx    dx 
vody lehdj.k ftldk gy (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = a2 gks] gS (a fu;rkad gS) –
3 3 2
  dy 2  d2 y   dy 2   2 
2 d y
(A) 1      a2 2 (B*) 1      a  2 
  dx   dx   dx    dx 
2 2 3
  dy  
3
 2    dy 2   2 
2 d y 2 d y
(C) 1      a  2  (D) 1      a  2 
  dx    dx    dx    dx 
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Differential Equation

Sol. (x - h)2 + (y – k)2 = a2 ................... (1)

dy
2(x – h) +2 (y – k) = 0 ............... (2)
dx
2
 dy  d2 y
1+   + (y – k) = 0 .......... (3)
 dx  dx 2
From (3) we have (y – k) , use in (2) to get (x – h) and put (x – h) and (y – k) in (1)
(3) ls (y – k) lehdj.k (2) esa j[kus ij (x – h) izkIr gksrk gS rFkk (x – h) ,oa (y – k) dks lehdj.k (1) esa j[kus ij

A-7. The differential equations of all conics whose centre lie at the origin is of order :
(A) 2 (B*) 3 (C) 4 (D) none of these
lHkh 'kkadoksa ftudk dsUnz ewyfcUnq ij fLFkr gSa] ds vody lehdj.k dh dksfV gS &
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + c = 0
f = 0, g = 0
h b c
then rc x2 + 2xy + y2 + =0
a a a
x2 + 2xy + y2 +  = 0
order dksfV : 3

A-8. The differential equation for all the straight lines which are at a unit distance from th e
origin is
ewyfcUnq ls bdkbZ nwjh ij fLFkr lHkh ljy js[kkvksa dh vody lehdj.k gS &
2 2 2 2
 dy   dy   dy   dy 
(A)  y  x  = 1 –  dx  (B)  y  x  = 1 +  dx 
 dx     dx   
2 2 2 2
 dy   dy   dy   dy 
(C*)  y  x  = 1 +  (D)  y  x  = 1 – 
 dx   dx   dx   dx 
Sol. Let equation of St. Line
Y – y = m(X – x)
mx – y
Distance from origin   = 1
1  m2
 (mx – y) 2 = 1 + m 2
2 2
 dy   dy 
 y – dx x  = 1 +  dx 
   
Hindi ekuk ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k
Y – y = m(X – x)
mx – y
ewyfcUnq ls nwjh   = 1
1  m2
 (mx – y) 2 = 1 + m 2
2 2
 dy   dy 
 y – dx x  = 1 +  dx 
   

Section (B) : Variable separable, Homogeneous equation, polar substitution

[k.M (B) : pj i`FkDdj.k] le?kkr lehdj.k] /kqzoh; çfrLFkkiu
dy
B-1. If = e – 2 y and y = 0 when x = 5, the value of x for y = 3 is
dx

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Differential Equation

dy
;fn = e – 2 y vkSj y = 0 tc x = 5 gks] rks y = 3 ds fy, x =
dx
e6  9
(A) e 5 (B) e 6 + 1 (C*) (D) log e 6
2
dy e2y
Sol. = e–2y  =x+c
dx 2
9
y = 0, x = 5  c = –
2
y(x0) = 3
e6 9 e6  9
 = x0 –  x0 =
2 2 2
B-2. If (x) = (x) and (1) = 2, then (3) equals [16JM120600]
;fn (x) = (x) vkSj (1) = 2 gks] rks (3) =
(A) e 2 (B*) 2 e 2 (C) 3 e 2 (D) 2 e 3
Sol. (x) = (x) (1) = 2
d
= 
dx
n (x) = x + c
n 2 = 1 + c  c = n2 – 1
n(3) = 3 + c = 2 + n2
 (3) = 2e2

dy
B-3. If = 1 + x + y + xy and y ( – 1) = 0, then function y is
dx
dy
;fn = 1 + x + y + x y vkSj y (– 1) = 0 gks] rks Qyu y gS &
dx
(A) e(1 x) (B*) e(1 x)
2 2
/2 /2
1 (C) log e (1 + x) – 1 (D) 1 + x
dy dy x2
Sol.
dx
= 1 + x + y + xy = (1 + x) (1 + y)    1 y 
= (1  x)dx  n(1 + y) = x +
2
+c

1
y(–1) = 0  c =
2
(1 x)2
x 2 1 (1  x)2
n(1 + y) = x + + =  y =e 2 –1
2 2 2
dy
B-4. The value of lim y(x) obtained from the differential equation = y – y 2 , where y (0) =
x  dx
2 is [16JM120601]
dy
vody lehdj.k = y – y 2 , tgk¡ y (0) = 2 ls izkIr lim y(x) dk eku gS &
dx x 

2
(A*) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D)
2e
dy dy
Sol.
dx
= y – y2   y  y =  dx
2

1 1 y
 1 y + y
dy = x + c  n
1 y
=x+c

y ke x
= kex  y = kex – kyex  y =
1 y 1  ke x

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Differential Equation

k 2e x 2
x = 0, y = 2; 2 =  2 + 2k = k  k = –2, y = y=
1 k 1  2e x e x  2
2
lim (y(x)) = lim =1
x  x  e  x  2

dy 1  y2
B-5. The solution of + = 0 {where x, y  (–1, 1)} is
dx 1  x2
dy 1  y2
+ = 0 { tcfd x, y  (–1, 1)} dk gy gS &
dx 1  x2
(A) sin – 1 x sin – 1 y = C (B) sin – 1 x = C sin – 1 y (C) sin – 1 x – sin – 1 y = C (D*)
–1 –1
sin x + sin y = C
dy 1  y2
Sol. + = 0
dx 1  x2
dy  dx
 1  y2
= 
1  x2
 – sin–1 y = sin–1 x + c

sin–1 x + sin–1 y = c

x2  y2
B-6. Integral curve satisfying y = , y(1) = 2, has the slope at the point (1, 2) of the
x2  y2
curve, equal to [16JM120602]
x y
2 2
y = , y(1) = 2 dks larq"V djus okys lekdy oØ (Integral curve) ds fcUnq (1, 2) ij izo.krk gS &
x2  y2

5 5
(A*) – (B) – 1 (C) 1 (D)
3 3
x2  y2 1 4 5
Sol. y = ; y(1,2) = =
x y
2 2 1 4 3
B-7. Solution of differential equation xdy – y dx = 0 represents :
(A) rectangular hyperbola (B*) straight line passing through origin
(C) parabola whose vertex is at origin (D) circle whose centre is at origin
vody lehdj.k xdy – y dx = 0 dk gy fu:fir djrk gS &
(A) vk;rh; vfrijoy; (B) ewyfcUnq ls xqtjus okyh ljy js[kk
(C) ijoy; ftldk 'kh"kZ ewyfcUnq gSA (D) o`Ùk ftldk dsUnz ewyfcUnq gSA
Sol. x dy = y dx
dy dx
  n y – n x = c
y x
y = kx  straight line passing through origin
  ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okyh ljy js[kk
B-8. The slope of a curve at any point is the reciprocal of twice the ordinate at that point and
it passes through the point (4, 3). The equation of the curve is
,d oØ ds fdlh fcUnq ij izo.krk ml fcUnq dh dksfV ds nqxqus ds O;qRØe ds cjkcj gS vkSj ;g fcUnq (4, 3) ls
xqtjrk gS] rks oØ dk lehdj.k gS &
(A) x 2 = y + 5 (B) y 2 = x – 5 (C*) y 2 = x + 5 (D) x 2 = y + 5
dy 1
Sol. =  y2 = x + c
dx 2y
 (4, 3) satisfies  bls (4, 3) larq"V djrk gSA
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 Differential Equation

9=4+cc=5  y2 = x + 5
B-9. Solution of differential equation x(xdx – ydy) = 4 x2  y2 (xdy – ydx) is

vody lehdj.k x(xdx – ydy) = 4 x2  y2 (xdy – ydx) dk gy gS&

x
4 sin1   1
(A) x y =
2 2
Ae y (B) x2  y2 = Ae4cos x

y y
4 tan1   4 sin1  
(C) x2  y2 = Ae x (D*) x2  y2 = Ae x

Sol. Let ekuk x = r sec, y = r tan

 x –y =r
2 2 2
 xdx – ydx = rdx
y xdy  ydx
= sin  = cosd
x x2
 xdy – ydx = r2secd
x(xdx – ydx) = 4(xdy – ydx)
dr
 rsec(rdr) = 4 x2  y2 .r (r2sec.d)  r =  4d nr = 4 + c
y
4 sin1  
4 x
 r = Ae  x y
2 2
= Ae
1 1
d(x 2 – y 2 ) d(x 2 – y 2 )
2 xdy –ydx 2 d(y / x)
ALITER : = 4x.  = 4x. 
x –y
2 2
x –y
2 2 (x 2
– y 2
) x2 – y2
y
1 4 4 sin1  
   d(n(x2 – y2) = d(y / x)  x2  y2 = Ae x
2 1– (y / x)2

B-10. Let normal at point P on curve intersect on x-axis at N and foot of P on x-axis is P'. If P'N is always
constant for any point P on curve, then equation of curve is
ekukfd oØ ds fcUnq P ij vfHkyEc] x-v{k dks N ij izfrPNsn djrk gS rFkk P ls x-v{k ij yEcikn P' gSA ;fn P'N
oØ ij fdlh fcUnq P ds fy, lnSo vpj gS] rc oØ dk lehdj.k gS&
(A) y = ax + b (B*) y2 = 2ax + b (C) ay2 – x2 = a (D) ay2 + x2 = a
dy
Sol. LSN = y
dx
dy y2
y =c  = Cx + C2
dx 2

Section (C) : Linear upon linear, Linear diff. eq. & bernaullis diff. eq.
[k.M (C) : jSf[kd Hkkx] jSf[kd vody lehdj.k ,oa cjukWyh vody lehdj.k
dy 2x  5y
C-1. Solution of D.E.  is, (if (y(0) = 0)
dx 2y  5x  3
dy 2x  5y
vody lehdj.k  dk gy gSA , (;fn (y(0) = 0)
dx 2y  5x  3
(A*) x2 – y2 + 5xy – 3y = 0 (B) x2 + y2 + 5xy – 3y = 0
(C) x – y + 5xy + 3y = 0
2 2
(D) x2 – y2 – 5xy – 3y = 0
Sol. 2ydy –5xdy + 3dy = 2xdx + 5ydx
d(y2) + 3dy = d(x2) + 5d(xy)
y2 + 3y = x2 + 5xy + C
0+0=0+0+Cc=0
x2 – y2 + 5xy – 3y = 0
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 Differential Equation

dy 3x  4y  3
C-2. Solution of D.E.  is
dx 12x  16y  4
dy 3x  4y  3
vody lehdj.k  dk gy gSA
dx 12x  16y  4
(A) y=4x + n|3x + 4y| + C (B*) 4y=x + n|3x + 4y| + C
(C) y=n|3x + 4y| + C (D) x +y =n|3x +4y| + C
dy dt
Sol. 3x + 4y = t  3+4 
dx dx
dt t3 dt t  3 t  3  3t  3
3     3  
dx t 1 dx t  1 t 1
t 1
   t
dt  4dx   t – n|t| = 4x + C

 3x + 4y – n|3x+4y| = 4x + C
 4y = x + n|3x+4y| = 4x + C

dv k
C-3. Solution of D.E. + v = – g is [16JM120603]
dt m
dv k
vody lehdj.k + = – g dk gy gSA
dt m
k k k k
 t mg mg  m t  t mg t mg
(A*) v = ce m – (B) v = c – e (C) v e m = c – (D) v e m =c–
k k k k
dv K
Sol.  v = – g
dt m
k K k K
Integrating factor (.F.) = e
 m dt  e m t lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e m  e m
dt t

K
t
 V em 
= – g eK·t / m
K K
t – gm m t
V em = e c
K
–K
t mg
V = C ·em –
K

dy y4
C-4. Solution of differential equation 4y 3 + = x 3 is
dx x
dy y4
vody lehdj.k 4y 3 + = x 3 dk gy gSA
dx x
x x5
(A) y 4 .x 5 = + C (B) y 4 = + C
5 5
x5
(C) y 4 .x = x 5 + C (D*) y 4 .x = + C
5
Sol. y 4 = t  4y 3 dy = dt
dt 1
+ .t = x 3
dx x
te  n x =  x3 .x dx
x5
y 4 .x = + C
5
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Differential Equation

dy 1
C-5. Solution of differential equation sin y.  cos y = x 4 cos 2 y is
dx x
dy 1
vody lehdj.k sin y.  cos y = x 4 cos 2 y dk gy gSA
dx x
(A) x sec y = x 6 + C (B) 6x sec y = x + C
(C*) 6x sec y = x 6 + C (D) 6x sec y = 6x 6 + C
dy 1
Sol. secy tany + sec y = x 4
dx x
secy = t
secy.tany dy = dt
dt 1
+ .t = x 4
dx x
 x.x
4
t.e  n x = dx
6
x
xsecy = + C
6
6x sec y = x 6 + C

Section (D) : Exact differential equation, Higher degree & Higher Order differential equation
[k.M (D) : ;FkkFkZ vody lehdj.k] mPp ?kkr ,oa mPp dksfV dh vody lehdj.k
dy 2x3 y  3x 4  y
D-1. Solution of differential equation  is
dx x – x4
dy 2x3 y  3x 4  y
vody lehdj.k  dk gy gS &
dx x – x4
y y
(A*) x2y + x3 = +C (B) x2y + 2x3 = +C
x x
2y y
(C) x2y + x3 = +C (D) y + x3 = +C
x x
Sol. (2x3y + 3x4 + y) dx = (x – x4) dy
xdy – ydx y y
2yxdx + x2dy + 3x2dx = d(x2y) + d(x3) = d    x2y + x3 = + C
x2  
x x

xy
D-2. Solution of differential equation xdy = dx – ydx is
1– x 2
xy
vody lehdj.k xdy = dx – ydx dk gy gS &
1– x 2

(A) n(x+y) = sin–1x + C (B*) n(xy) = sin–1x + C

(C) 2n(xy) = sin–1x + C (D) n(xy) = 2sin–1x + C
xy
Sol. xdy = dx – ydx.
1– x 2
1 1
  xy d(xy) = 
1– x 2
dx  n(xy) = sin–1x + C

D-3. Solution of differential equation x6dy + 3x5ydx = xdy – 2y dx is

vody lehdj.k x6dy + 3x5ydx = xdy – 2y dx dk gy gS &
y 2y
(A*) x3y = 2  C (B) x3y = 2  C
x x
y y
(C) x3y2 = 2  C (D) x3 = 2  C
x x

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Differential Equation

x 2 dy –2xydx x 2 dy – yd(x 2 ) y
Sol. x3 (x3dy + 3x2ydx) = d(x3y) = 2 2
 x3 y = 2  C
x (x ) x
2
 dy  dy
D-4. Solution of   +x dx – y = 0 is
 dx 
2
vody lehdj.k   +x
dy dy
– y = 0 dk gy gS&
 dx  dx
4 2
(A) y = 3x 2 + 9 (B*) y = 3x + 9 (C) y = x (D) y = 9x + 3
3
2
 dy  dy
Sol.  dx  + x dx – y = 0
 
dy
let ekuk = m  m 2 + mx = y ...(1)
dx
dy dm dm dm
 = m + x + 2m  (x + 2m) = 0
dx dx dx dx
dm x x
 = 0 or ;k m = –  m = c or ;k m = –
dx 2 2
putting in 1 esa j[kusa ij
x2 x2
y = c 2 + cx or ;k y = –
4 2
x2
y = c 2 + cx y = –
4
put c = 3 j[kus ij
y = 3x + 9

D-5. The equation of the curve satisfying the differential equation y2 (x2 + 1) = 2xy1 passing through the point
dy d2 y
(0, 1) and having slope of tangnet at x = 0 as 3, is (Here y1 = and y2 = ) [16JM120604]
dx dx 2
(A) y = x2 + 3x + 2 (B) y2 = x2 + 3x + 1 (C*) y = x3 + 3x + 1 (D) none of these
vody lehdj.k y2 (x2 + 1) = 2xy1 dks lUrq"V djus okys rFkk fcUnq (0, 1) ls xqtjus okys ,oa x = 0 ij Li'kZ js[kk
dy d2 y
dh izo.krk 3 gks] oØ dk lehdj.k gS&( y1 = vkSj y2 = 2 )
dx dx
(A) y = x2 + 3x + 2 (B) y2 = x2 + 3x + 1 (C*) y = x3 + 3x + 1 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
2
d y
d2 y dy 2 2x  dy 
Sol.
dx 2
(x2 + 1) = 2x 
dx
dx
dy
dx = x 1
2
dx   n   = n (x + 1)+n c
 dx 
2

dx
dy dy dy
 = c(x2 + 1)  c = 3 as at x = 0 ij , =3  = 3(x2 + 1) dx  y = x3 + 3x + 1
dx dx dx

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )

1. Match the following

Column -  Column - 

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 Differential Equation

xdy dy
(A) Solution of y – = y2 + is (p) xy2 = 2y5 + c
dx dx

dy
(B) Solution of (2x – 10y3) + y = 0 is (q) sec y = x + 1 + cex
dx

(C) Solution of sec2 y dy + tan y dx = dx is (r) (x + 1) (1 – y) = cy

dy
(D) Solution of sin y = cos y (1 – x cos y) is (s) tan y = 1 + ce–x
dx
Ans: (A) – (r) (B) – (p) (C) – (s) (D) – (q)

feyku dhft, &

feyku dhft, &

LrEHk -  LrEHk - 

xdy dy
(A) y– = y2 + dk gy gS A (p) xy2 = 2y5 + c
dx dx

dy
(B) (2x – 10y3) + y = 0 dk gy gS A (q) sec y = x + 1 + cex
dx

(C) sec2 y dy + tan y dx = dx dk gy gS A (r) (x + 1) (1 – y) = cy

dy
(D) sin y = cos y (1 – x cos y) dk gy gS A (s) tan y = 1 + ce–x
dx
Ans: (A) – (r) (B) – (p) (C) – (s) (D) – (q)
ydx  xdy dy x dy x 1
Sol. (A) 2
= dx + 2   d   = dx + 2  = x – +k
y y y y y y
  x = xy – 1 + ky  (x + 1) (1 – y) = cy
dy dy y dx 10 y 3  2x
(B) (2x – 10y3) +y=0  =  =
dx dx 10 y3  2x dy y
dx x dx 2 y5
= 10 y2 – 2    + x = 10 y2  xy2 = 10 +c
dy y dy y 5
  xy2 = 2y5 + c
dy dy dt
(C) sec2 y + tan y = 1 put tan y = t j[kus ij sec2 y 
dx dx dx
dt
  =1–t  n (1 – t) = –c x 
dx
   1 – t = e–cx  t = 1 – e–cx  tan y = 1 + ce–x
dy
(D) sin y = cos y (1 – x cos y)
dx
dy dt
put cos y = t j[kus ij – sin y =
dx dx
dt
  – = t(1 – tx)  sec y = x + 1 + cex
dx

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Differential Equation

2. Match the following

Column -  Column - 

1
(A) xdy = y(dx + ydy), y(1) = 1 and y(x0) = –3, then x0 = (p)
4

dy
(B) If y(t) is solution of (t + 1) – ty = 1, (q) – 15
dt
y (0) = –1, then y (1) =

1
(C) (x2 + y2) dy = xydx and y(1) = 1 and (r) –
2
y(x0) = e, then x0 =

dy 2y
(D) + = 0, y (1) = 1, then y(2) = (s) 3e
dx x
Ans: (A) – (q), (B) – (r), (C) – (s), (D) – (p)

feyku dhft, &

LrEHk -  LrEHk - 
1
(A) xdy = y(dx + ydy), y > 0 (p)
4
y(1) = 1 vkS j y(x0) = –3, rc x0 =
dy
(B) ;fn (t + 1) – ty = 1 dk gy (q) – 15
dt
y(t) gS rFkk y (0) = –1, rc y (1) =

1
(C) (x2 + y2) dy = xydx vkS j y(1) = 1 ,oa (r) –
2
y(x0) = e, rc x0 =

dy 2y
(D) + = 0, y (1) = 1 rc y(2) = (s) 3e
dx x
Ans: (A) – (q), (B) – (r), (C) – (s), (D) – (p)
x dy  y dx x
Sol. (A) xdy = ydx + y2 dy  2
= dy – d   = dy
y y
x
– =y+c put x = 1 j[kus ij y = 1  c = –2
y
x x
– =y–2  = –5
y 3
dy t 1
(B) – y=
dt t 1 t 1
t 11
 dt
I.F(lekdy xq.kkad) = e t 1 = et  n(t  1)
= (t + 1) e–t
gy solution is (t + 1)e–t y = –e–t + c put t = 0 ,oa and y = – 1 j[kus ij  c = 0
 2e–1 y = – e–1
1
y=–
2
(C) (x2 + y2) dy = xy dx

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Differential Equation

dy xy dy dv
= 2 put y = vx j[kus ij =v+x
dx x y 2 dx dx
1
 n v – = –n x + c
2v 2
1
 c=–
2
y 1 x2 1
 n – 2
= –n x – put y = e j[kus ij
x 2y 2
 x= 3e
dy y
(D) +2 =0
dx x
x y=C
2
put x = 1, y = 1 j[kus ij and we get C = 1
1
put x = 2 j[kus ij  y=
4

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Differential Equation

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

1. The differential equation of all parabola having their axis of symmetry coinciding with the x-axis is
2 2
d2 y
 dy  d2 x dx  d2 y dy
(A*) y 2    0 (B) y 2    0 (C) y  0 (D) none of these
dx  dx  dy  dy  dx 2 dx
mu lHkh ijoy;ksa ds vody lehdj.k ftuds lEkfefr v{k] x-v{k ds laikrh gS& [16JM120607]
2 2
d2 y
 dy  d2 x  dx  d2 y dy
(A*) y     0 (B) y     0 (C) y  0 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
dx 2  dx  dy 2  dy  dx 2 dx
Sol. Directrix  to x axis, Let x =  and focus on x axis Let (,0) , Now

P(x, y)
“
“

(x – )2 + y2 = (x – )2
2 – 2x + y2 = 2 – 2x
y2 = 2( – ) x + 2 – 2
In general y2 = mx + c (Two arbitnary constant m and c)
dy
2y =m
dx
2
d2 y  dy 
2y + 2  =0
dx 2  dx 
Hindi. x v{k ds yEcor~ fu;rk ekuk x =  rFkk ukfHk x v{k ij ekuk (,0) gSA
P(x, y)
“
“

(x – )2 + y2 = (x – )2
2 – 2x + y2 = 2 – 2x
y2 = 2( – ) x + 2 – 2
O;kid :i esa y2 = mx + c (nks LoPN vpj m ,oa c gS)
dy
2y =m
dx
2
d2 y  dy 
2y + 2  =0
dx 2  dx 

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Differential Equation

dy
2. If y 1 (x) and y 2 (x) are two solutions of + f(x) y = r(x) then y 1 (x) + y 2 (x) is solution of :
dx
dy
;fn y 1 (x) vkSj y 2 (x) vody lehdj.k + f(x) y = r(x) ds nks gy gks] rks y 1 (x) + y 2 (x) fuEu esa ls fdldk
dx
gy gSa \ [16JM120605]
dy dy
(A) + f(x) y = 0 (B) + 2f(x) y = r(x)
dx dx
dy dy
(C*) + f(x) y = 2 r(x) (D) + 2f (x) y = 2r(x)
dx dx
dy1
Sol. + fy 1 = r
dx
dy 2
+ fy 2 = r
dx
d
Add tksM+us ij ( y 1 + y 2 ) + f(y 1 + y 2 ) = 2r
dx
dy
here ;gk¡ + f(x)y = 2r
dx

dy
3. If y 1 (x) is a solution of the differential equation + f(x) y = 0, then a solution of
dx
dy
differential equation + f(x) y = r (x) is
dx
1 r(x)
(A)
y (x)  y (x) dx
1 (B*) y 1 (x)
y1(x) 
dx (C)  r(x)y (x) dx
1 (D) none of these

dy dy
;fn y 1 (x) vody lehdj.k + f(x) y = 0 dk ,d gy gks] rks vody lehdj.k + f(x) y = r (x) dk
dx dx
gy gS &
1 r(x)
(A)
y (x)  y (x) dx
1 (B*) y 1 (x)  y (x)
1
dx (C)  r(x)y (x) dx
1 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
dy1 –1 dy1
Sol. (i) + f(x) y 1 = 0  f(x) =
dx y1 dx
dy 1 dy1
(ii) – . y = r(x)
dx y1 dx
1 dy1 dy1
–  y1dx
dx –  y1 1
e =e =
y1
d  y  r(x) y r(x)dx
 =
dx  y1  y1

y1
=
y1
r(x)dx
y = y1
y1 
3
4. The solution of y dx – x dy + 3x 2 y 2 e x dx = 0 is
x 3 x 3 x 3 y 3
(A*) + ex = C (B) – ex = 0 (C) – + ex = C (D) + ex = c
y y y x
3
y dx – x dy + 3x 2 y 2 e x dx = 0 dk gy gS &
x 3 x 3 x 3 y 3
(A) + ex = C (B) – ex = 0 (C) – + ex = C (D) + ex = c
y y y x
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Differential Equation

3
3 dy y  3x 2 y 2e x dy y 3
Sol. (y + 3x2y2 e x )dx = x dy  =  – = y2(3x e x )
dx x dx x
1 dy 1 3
 2 dx
– = 3x e x
y xy
dx
put –
1
=t
dt t
+ = 3x e x
3
I.F. = e
 x =x
y dx x
dx
lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e 
1 dt t 3
– = t j[kus ij + = 3x e x x =x
y dx x
d x

3 3 3
(t x) = 3x2 e x  tx = 3x 2e x dx  = ex + c
dx y

5. The solution of the differential equation (x 2 sin 3 y – y 2 cos x) dx + (x 3 cos y sin 2 y – 2y

sin x) dy = 0 is
vody lehdj.k (x 2 sin 3 y – y 2 cos x) dx + (x 3 cos y sin 2 y – 2y sin x) dy = 0 dk gy gS &
(A*) x 3 sin 3 y = 3y 2 sin x + C (B) x 3 sin 3 y + 3y 2 sin x = C
(C) x 2 sin 3 y + y 3 sin x = C (D) 2x 2 sin y + y 2 sin x = C
Sol. (x 3 cosy sin 2 y – 2y sinx) dy – ( y 2 cosx – x 2 sin 3 y) dx = 0
 x3   x3 
 dsin3 y – sin x dy 2  + sin 3 yd  – y 2 d sinx =0
3   3 
   
x3  x3 
d sin 3 y + sin 3 yd  – (sinx dy 2 + y 2 d sinx)
3  3 
 
 x3 
d sin3 y  – d(y 2 sinx) = 0
 3 
 
x3
sin 3 y – y 2 sinx = c
3

y
xdy x3 e x
6. Solve :  (   2)  y  2x 2 dk gy gS&
dx 2
y y
(A) e x     1(1  2x)  ce2x (B) ex  
 1
(1  2x)  ce3x
8 8
x y
 1 2
(C) ey   (1  2x)  ce3x (D*) . ex   (1  2x)  ce2x
8 8
Sol. Put y
ex  t
j[kus ij
y
 dy  2 dt
  x dx  y   x dx
ex
 
dy x2 dt
 x y 
dx t dx
x2 dt x3
  (   2)  2x2
t dx 2t
dt x
 2t  (   2)
dx 2

I.F =
e2x
x
t.e2x  e2x  2
(   2)dx  c

  2 2 x   2  xe2x e 2x 
 te2x 
2
e xdx  c = 2  2 
  2 
dx   c


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Differential Equation

2 2x e2x     2 2x

=  xe    c  te2x   e (1  2x)  c
4  2  8
y
(   2) 2
 t (1  2x)  ce2x  . ex   (1  2x)  ce2x
8 8

xdy  ydx
7. Solution of differential equation xy(my dx + nx dy) = xm yn , given m + n = 1 , is
xdy  ydx
vody lehdj.k dk xy(my dx + nx dy) = xm yn dk gy gS & tgk¡ m + n = 1 , is
(A) x .y + 1 = c(x/y)
m+1 n+1

(B*) xm+1.yn+1 + 1 = cxy

(C) xm+1.yn+1– 1 = cxy
(D) xm.yn + 1 = cxy .

Sol. By rearranging the terms we have

inksa dk O;oLFkhdj.k djus ij
xdy  ydx
xm–1yn–1 (my dx + nx dy) = x2y2
1
 c
 d(xm yn) = d xy
1
 c
 xm yn = xy
 xm+1.yn+1 + 1 = cxy .

8. The equation of the curve which is such that the portion of the axis of x cut off between
the origin and tangent at any point is proportional to the ordinate of that point is
(A*) x = y (b – a log y) (B) log x = by 2 + a [16JM120606]
(C) x = y (a – b log y)
2
(D) y = x (b – a log x)
(a is constant of proportionality)
,d oØ bl izdkj gS fd ewyfcUnq vkSj oØ ds fdlh fcUnq ij Li'kZ js[kk ds e/; dVk x- v{k dk Hkkx ml fcUnq dh
dksfV ds lekuqikrh gS] rks oØ dk lehdj.k gS &
(A) x = y (b – a log y) (B) log x = by 2 + a
(C) x 2 = y (a – b log y) (D) y = x (b – a log x)
(a lekuqikrh fu;rkad gSA)
Sol. Y – y = m(x – x)
–y
Xint = + x = ay
m
–y y dy
= ay – x  m = 
m x – ay dx
dx x – ay dx x
=  – = – a
dy y dy y
1
 dy 1
y
I.F. = e =
y
1 1
x .
y
= – a y dy

x
= – a logy + b
y
x = y(b – a log y)

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Differential Equation

9. A curve passing through the point (1, 1) has the property that the perpendicular distance of the origin
from the normal at any point P of the curve is equal to the distance of P from the x-axis. Then equation
of the curve is. [16JM120608]
fcUnq (1, 1) ls xqtjus okys ,d oØ dk xq.k/keZ gS fd oØ ds fdlh fcUnq P ij vfHkyEc dh ewy fcUnq ls yEcor~
nwjh] P ls x-v{k dh nwjh ds cjkcj gksrh gSA oØ dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
(A*) x2 + y2 = 2x (B) 2x2 + y2 = 3x (C) x2 + 2y2 = 3x (D) x2 – y2 = x – 1
dx
Sol. Equation of normal at P(x, y) is Y – y =  (X – x)
dy
dx
yx
dy
Distance from origin =
2
 dx 
1  
 dy 
Distance of P from x-axis = | y |
dx 2   dx 2 
2
so (y + x ) = y 1   
dy   dy  
 
dx  2 dx dx 
x – y2  2xy  = 0
dy  dy dy 
dx dy y 2 – x 2
0 or 
dy dx 2xy
2
y
–1
dy  x  y
 x = 1 or  put =t
dx  
y x
2 
x
On solving we get y2 + x2 = kx
it passes through (1, 1) so the equation of y2 + x2 = 2x
dx
Hindi. P(x, y) ij vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k Y – y =  (X – x)
dy
dx
yx
dy
ewy fcUnq ls nwjh =
2
 dx 
1  
 dy 
P dh x-v{k ls nwjh =|y|
dx 2   dx 2 
vr% (y + x ) = y2  1    
dy   dy  
 
dx  2 dx dx 
x – y2  2xy  = 0
dy  dy dy 
dx dy y 2 – x 2
 0 ;k 
dy dx 2xy
2
y
–1
dy  x  y
 x=1 ;k  , =t=t j[kus ij
dx y x
2 
x
gy djus ij y2 + x2 = kx

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Differential Equation

;g (1, 1) ls xqtjrk gSA vr% lehdj.k y2 + x2 = 2x

10. f(x) is a continuous and differentiable function defined in  [0, ). If f(0) = 1 and f'(x) > 3f(x)  x  0
then
[0, ) esa ifjHkkf"kr f(x) lrr vkSj vodyuh; Qyu gSA ;fn f(0) = 1 vkSj f'(x) > 3f(x)  x  0 rc
(A) f(x)  e3x x  0 (B) f(x)  e–3x x  0 (C) f(x) > e3x x  0 (D*) f(x)  e3x x  0
Sol. f'(x) – 3f(x) > 0
d
 (e–3x.f(x)) > 0  x  0  e–3x f(x))  f(0)  x  0  f(x))  e3x  x  0
dx

x x
11. Solution of the equation x 
0

y(t)dt  (x  1) t y(t)dt , x > 0 is
0
[16JM120609]

x x
vody lehdj.k x  y(t)dt  (x  1)  t y(t)dt , x > 0 dk gy gS&
0 0
1 1 1
c c c c 
(A) y = ex (B*) y = e1/ x (C) x = ey (D) x = e y
x3 x3 y3 y3
Sol. Differentiate the equation with respect to x, we get
x x

 y(t)dt  x y(x)   t y(t)dt

2

0 0
Differentiage again with respect to x, we get
x 2 dy(x)
y(x) = x2 y’(x) + 2xy(x) + xy(x)  (1 – 3x) y(x) =
dx
(1  3x)dx dy
 x 2
=  y
1
– 2n x = ny + c
x
1
– =  (x3 yc)
x
c
y = 3 e1/ x
x
x x
Hindi lehdj.k dk x ds lkis{k vodyu djus ij 
0

y(t)dt  x 2 y(x)  t y(t)dt
0

x 2 dy(x)
iqu% x ds lkis{k vodyu djus ij y(x) = x2 y’(x) + 2xy(x) + xy(x)  (1 – 3x) y(x) =
dx
(1  3x)dx dy
 x 2
=  y
1
– 2n x = ny + c
x
1
– =  (x3 yc)
x
c
y = 3 e1/ x
x
1
c 
y= e x
x3

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Differential Equation

dy
12. The solution of diffferntial equation (1 – x2) + xy = ax is
dx
dy
vody lehdj.k (1 – x2) + xy = ax dk gy gS&
dx
(y  a)2  c 2 x 2 (y  a)2  c 2 x 2
(A*) =1 (B) =1
c2 c2
(y  a)2  c 2 x 2 (y  a)2  c 2 x 2
(C) =1 (D) = –1
c2 c2
dy  x  ax
Sol. + y =
dx  1  x 2  (1  x2 )
x
 2 dx  R =
R = e 1 x
1
1  x2
y x
1 x 2
=a  (1  x 2 3/2
)
dx

y a
= +c
1 x 2
1  x2
y=a+c 1  x2
(y  a)2  c 2 x 2
(y – a)2 = c2 – c2x2  = 1 (ellipse nh?kZo`Ùk)
c2
centre dsUnz (0, a)

13. Find the curve which passes through the point (2, 0) such that the segment of the tangent between the
point of tangency & the y–axis has a constant length equal to 2.
fcUnq (2, 0) ls xqtjus okys oØ dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, rkfd Li'khZ fcUnq ,oa y-v{k ds e/; Li'kZ js[kk ds
js[kk[k.M dh yEckbZ 2 fu;r gksA
 2 4  x2   2 4  x2 
(A) y    4  x2  2 n  (B*) y    4  x 2  2 n 
 x   x 
   
 2 4  x2   2 4  x2 
(C) y    4  x2  2 n  (D) y    4  x 2  2 n 
 x   x 
   

Sol. PA = 2
2
 dy 
x 1   sec = 2
 dx 
A
)

x=2
2
 dy  4
 dx   1 = 2
  x
dy 4  x2
=±
dx x2
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Differential Equation

4  x2
 dy = ± x
dx
solve further as variable separable D.E.
pj i`FkDdj.k vody lehdj.k ls gy dhft,A
14. A & B are two separate reservoirs of water. Capacity of reservoir A is double the capacity of reservoir
B. Both the reservoirs are filled completely with water, their inlet are closed and then the water is
released simultaneously from both the reservoirs. The rate of flow of water out of each reservoir at any
instant of time is proportional to the quantity of water in the reservior at that time. One hour after the
water is released, the quantity of water in reservoir A is 1.5 times the quantity of water in reservior B.
After how many hours do both the reservoirs have the same quantity of water?
ekuk ikuh ds nks vyx vyx laxzg lzksr A ,oa B gSA lzksr A dh {kerk] B dh {kerk ls nqxquh gSA nksuksa laxzg lzksr
ikuh ls iwjh rjg Hkjs gq, gSA muds ikuh vkus ds uy cUn dj fn, gS rc ,d lkFk nksuksa laxzg lzksrks ls ikuh [kksyk
tkrk gSA fdlh {k.k izR;sd laxzg lzksr ls ikuh ds ckgj cgus dh nj ml le; lzksr esa ikuh dh ek=kk ds lekuqikrh
gSA ikuh NksM+us ds ,d ?k.Vs ckn lzksr A esa ikuh dh ek=kk lzksr B esa ikuh dh ek=kk dk 1.5 xquk gSA fdrus le;
i'pkr~ nksuksa lzksrks esa ikuh cjkcj ek=kk esa gksxkA
(A) 2log4/3 2 (B) – log2/3 2 (C) log3 2 (D*) log4/3 2
dQA dQB
Sol.  K1QA ,  K 2QB
dt dt
Q 'A
dQ A

QA
 Q 
= – K1dt  Q’A = QA .eK1t

Similarly bl izdkj Q’B = QB .eK2t

Q'A QA (K1 K2 )t 3
 e  = e(K1 K2 )t 2  = 3/4
Q'B QB 2
Now let at vc ekuk t = t0 ij ; Q’A = Q’B, we get ¼rc½ t0 = log3/4 (1/2)

15. A tank contiains 20 kg of salt dissolved in 5000 L of water. Brine that contains .03 kg of salt per litre of
water enters the tank at a rate of 25 L/min. The solution is kept thoroughly mixed and drains from the
tank at the same rate. How much salt remains in the tank after half an hour ?
(A) 150 – 130 e–50/200 (B) 130 – 150 e–30/200 (C) 130 – 150 e–50/200 (D*) 150 – 130 e–30/200
20 fdyks xzke ued dks ,d Vadh esa j[ks 5000 yhVj ikuh esa ?kksyk trk gSA .03 fdxzk ued izfr yhVj ikuh esa] 25
yhVj@feuV dh nj ls Vadh esa feyk;k trk gSA foy;u dks fefJr djrs gq,] ,d leku nj ls Vadh ls fudkyk
tkrk gS vk/ks ?kaVs ds ckn Vadh esa fdruk ued 'ks"k jgrk gSA
(A) 150 – 130 e–50/200 (B) 130 – 150 e–30/200 (C) 130 – 150 e–50/200 (D*) 150 – 130 e–30/200
Sol. y(t) he the amount of salt after 't' min and y(0) = 20 kg
 .03kg  25L  .75kg
rate in =     min
 L  min 
As ain = aout , so the tank always contains 5000 L of liquid so the concentration at time 't' is
 y(t)  kg 
 5000  L 
  
 y(t)kg  25L  y(t)kg d  y(t) y(t)
so rate out =       .75 
 5000L  min  200min dt 200
by solving as linear D.E. or variable seperable and using initial condition, we get y(t) = 150 –130 e–t/200
the amount of salt after 30 min is y(30) = 150 – 130 e–30/200

Hindi. ekuk y(t), 't' feuV esa ued dh ek=kk gS y(0) = 20 kg

nj = 
.03kg  25L  .75kg
 
 L  min  min

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Differential Equation

pwafd ain = aout , blfy, VSad] lnSo 5000 yhVj j[krk gS blfy, 't' le; ij lkUnzrk 
y(t)  kg 
  gSA
 5000  L 

blfy, nj = 
y(t)kg  25L  y(t)kg
 
 5000L  min  200min
d  y(t) y(t)
  .75 
dt 200
jSf[kd vody lehdj.k dks gy djus ij ;k pj i`Fkd djus ij rFkk vkjfEHkd fLFkfr esa y(t) = 150 –130 e–t/200
30 feuV ckn ued dh ek=k y(30) = 150 – 130 e–30/200

PART-II: NUMERICAL VALUE QUESTIONS

Hkkx-II : la[;kRed iz'u (NUMERICAL VALUE QUESTIONS)

INSTRUCTION :
 The answer to each question is NUMERICAL VALUE with two digit integer and decimal upto two digit.
 If the numerical value has more than two decimal places truncate/round-off the value to TWO decimal
placed.

funsZ'k :

 bl [k.M esa izR;sd iz'u dk mÙkj la[;kRed eku ds :i esa gS ftlesa nks iw.kk±d vad rFkk nks vad n'keyo ds ckn esa gSA
 ;fn la[;kRed eku esa nks ls vf/kd n’'keyo LFkku gS] rks la[;kRed eku dks n'keyo ds nks LFkkuksa rd VªadsV@jkmaM
vkWQ (truncate/round-off) djsaA

1. If differential equations of the curves c(y + c)2 = x3, where ‘c’ is any arbitrary constant is 12y(y’)2 + ax =
a
bx(y')3 then is equal to [16JM120610]
b
a
;fn oØ c(y + c)2 = x3 ls cuus okyh vody lehdj.k 12y(y’)2 + ax = bx(y')3 gS] rks dk eku Kkr dhft,]
b
tgk¡ c LosPN vpj gSA
Ans. 03.37
Sol. c(y + c)2 = x3 ..... (i)
dffn, w.r.t x
2c(y + c) y= 3x2 .... (ii)
devide equation (i) by square of equation (ii)
c(y  c)2 x3

4c 2 (y  c)2 (y)2 9x 4
9x
c=
4(y )2
by putting c in equation (ii) we get
12y(y’)2 + 27x = 8x(y')3
Hindi c(y + c)2 = x3 ..... (i)
x ds lkis{k vodyu djus ij
2c(y + c) y= 3x2 .... (ii)
lehdj.k (i) dks lehdj.k (ii) ds oxZ ls foHkkftr djus ij

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Differential Equation

c(y  c)2 x3

4c 2 (y  c)2 (y)2 9x 4
9x
c=
4(y )2
vc c dk eku (ii) esa j[kus ij
12y(y’)2 + 27x = 8x(y')3

2. The order of the differential equation of the family of ellipse having fixed centre and given eccentricity ,
is :
nh xbZ mRdsUnzrk vkSj fLFkj dsUnz ds nh?kZo`Ùk ds fudk; dh vody lehdj.k dk Øe gS &
Ans. 02.00

((y  )  m(x  ))2 (m(x  )  (y  ))2

 1
……(1)
2 2
Sol. Let ekuk a b
be the equation of the ellipse having (, ) as its centre, where
nh?kZo`Ùk dk lehdj.k gS ftldk dsUnz (, ) gSA tgk¡
b2
e2 = 1 – a2from both the equations we get two independent parameters ……(2)
 order of differential equation is 2.
b2
lehdj.k ls e2 = 1 – a2 nks Loar=k izkpy izkIr gksrs gSA vody lehdj.k dk Øe 2 gSA
1
  10  e  
3. If y(x) satisfies the equation y'(x) = y(x) +  y dx & y(0) = 1 then value of y 
0
n
 7 


1
 10  e  
dks larq"V djrk gS vkSj y(0) = 1 rks y  n 
dy
;fn y(x) lehdj.k
dx
=y+  y dx
0  7 

 dk eku Kkr dhft;sA

Ans. 01.28
1
dy
Sol.
dx
=y+  y dx
0
1 1
dy

dx
=y+a let  y dx = a
0
ekuk  y dx = a
0
dy
 –y–a=0
dx

I.F. = e 
 1.dx
= e–x lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e  = e–x
 1.dx

dy
Now vc e–x – ye–x – ae–x = 0
dx
 ye–x + ae–x + c = 0
 y + a + cex = 0
1 1
1
a= 
0

y dx = – (a  ce x )dx = –a(1 – 0) – c (e x )
0
0
= –a – c(e – 1)

(1  e)c
a=
2
 (1  e)  2e x 
y+   c = 0
 2
 

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Differential Equation

2
y = 1; x = 0  c =
e3
 2e x  e  1 
y(x) = 
 3  e 
 
  10  e   9
y  n  =
  7  7

dy x 2  y 2
4. Let c1 and c2 be two integral curves of the differential equation  . A line passing through
dx x 2  y 2
origin meets c1 at P(x1, y1) and c2 at Q(x2, y2). If c1 : y = f(x) and c2 : y = g(x) then find the value of
f '  x1 
g'  x 2 
dy x 2  y 2
ekuk vody lehdj.k  ds nks lekdy oØ c1 rFkk c2 gSA ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okyh ,d js[kk c1 dks
dx x 2  y 2
f '  x1 
P(x1, y1) ij ,oa c2 dks Q(x2, y2) ij feyrh gSA ;fn c1 : y = f(x) ,oa c2 : y = g(x) gks] rks dk eku gS&
g'  x 2 
Ans. 01.00
dy x2  y2
Sol. = 2 let the line from origin be y = mx
dx x  y2
dy 1  m2
= which is constant and independent of x, y
dx 1  m2
Hence f(x1) = g(x1)
dy x2  y2
Hindi. = 2 ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okyh js[kk y = mx
dx x  y2
dy 1  m2
= tks fd vpj gS vkSj x, y ls LorU=k gSA
dx 1  m2
vr% f(x1) = g(x1)

dy 1
5. If solution of the differential equation = is x = ce s i n y – k (1 + sin y), then
dx x cos y  sin2y
k =
dy 1
;fn vody lehdj.k = dk gy x = ce s i n y – k (1 + sin y) gS ] rks k =
dx x cos y  sin2y
Ans. 02.00
dy 1
Sol. 
dx x cos y  2sin y cos y
dx
 = x cos y + 2 sin y cos y
dy
dx
+ (– cos y) x = 2 sin y cos y
dy

.F. = e 
 cos y dy
 = e –s i n y
 The solution is  gy fuEu gS &
 sin y
x. e –s i n y = 2 e . siny cos y dy = –2 sin y e – s i n y – 2 (e sin y ) cos y dx
= –2 sin y e – s i n y + 2  e sin y cos y dy = – 2 sin y e –s i n y – 2 e–sin y + c
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Differential Equation

i.e. x = –2 siny – 2 + c e s i n y = ce s i n y – 2 (1 + sin y)

 k = 2


6. If y(x) satisfies the differential equation ; cos 2x (dy/dx) – (tan 2x) y = cos4x, | x | , and y(0) = 0 then
4

y   is equal to [16JM120613]
6

;fn y(x) vody lehdj.k ; cos2x (dy/dx) – (tan 2x) y = cos4x, | x | , vkSj y(0) = 0 dks larq"V djrk gS rks
4

y   dk eku gS&
6

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 Differential Equation

Ans. 00.64 00.65

dy
Sol. cos2x – (tan2x) y = cos4x
dx
2 tan x
 – 1–tan2 x sec x dx
2

R =e = (1 – tan2x) 
 After solving differential equation2y (1 – tan2x) = sin(2x) + c
vody lehdj.k 2y (1 – tan2x) = sin(2x) + c dks gy djus ij
put x = 0 j[kus ij
1  1 3 3 3
 c=0  y= tan2x.cos2x  y  = . 3. =
2 6 2 4 8

7. Let y 1 and y 2 are two different solutions of the equation y  + P(x) . y = Q(x).
Such that the linear combination y 1 +  y 2 is also solution of given differential equation
. Then value of  +  is
ekuk y 1 rFkk y 2 lehdj.k y + P(x) . y = Q(x) ds nks fHkUu&fHkUu gy gS ] rc
;fn y 1 +  y 2 nh xbZ lehdj.k dk ,d gy gks ] rks  +  dk eku gS &
Ans. 01.00
Sol. y + P(x).y = Q(x)
y1 & y2 are two solution of above equation so
y1 + P(x) y1 = Q(x) ...(1)
y2 + P(x) y2 = Q(x) ...(2)
multiply equation (1) by  and equation (2) by  then add
(y1 + y2) + P(x) (y1 + y2) = Q(x) ( + )
let y = y1 + y2
y + P(x)y = Q(x) ( + )
for y to be solution of diff. equation
+=1
Hindi. y + P(x).y = Q(x)
mijks D r lehdj.k ds nks gy y1 ,oa y2 gS vr%
y1 + P(x) y1 = Q(x) ...(1)
y2 + P(x) y2 = Q(x) ...(2)
(1) dks  ls ,oa lehdj.k (2) dks  ls xq . kk djds tks M + u s ij
(y1 + y2) + P(x) (y1 + y2) = Q(x) ( + )
ekuk y = y1 + y2
y + P(x)y = Q(x) ( + )
vody lehdj.k dk gy y gks u s ds fy,  +  = 1

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Differential Equation

8. Let the curve y = f(x) passes through (4, –2) satisfy the differential equation, [16JM120612]
sin2 x cos2 x

y (x + y3) dx = x(y3 – x) dy & let y = g (x) = 
1/ 8
sin1 tdt 
1/ 8
 cos1 tdt , 0  x 
2
, If the area of the

4
1 
region bounded by curves y = f(x), y = g(x) and x = 0 is where a  N then a is equal to
8  a 
ekuk oØ y = f(x) fcUnq (4, –2) ls xqtjrk gS tks vody lehdj.k y (x + y3) dx = x(y3 – x) dy rFkk ekuk
sin2 x cos2 x

 
1
y = g (x) = sin tdt  cos1 tdt , 0  x  dks larq"V djrk gSA ;fn y = f(x), y = g(x) ,oa x = 0 ls
2
1/ 8 1/ 8
4
1 
ifjc) {ks=k dk {ks=kQy gS tgk¡ a  N rc a cjkcj gS&
8  a 
Ans. 05.33
Sol. y (x + y3) dx = x(y3 – x) dy
y  y  d(xy)
 – d   =0
x  x  (xy)2
 y3 + 2x + 2cx2y = 0
It passes through (4, –2)
– 8 + 8 + 2c (16) (– 2) = 0  c = 0
 y3 = – 2x
g’(x) = 2sinxcosxsin–1sinx + 2cosx (–sinx) cos–1(cosx) = 0
so g(x) is constant
x=0

y3=–2x
1/ 2

 (sin
1
g(/4) = g(x) = t  cos1 t ) dt
1/ 8

 1 1 3
 g(x) =  =
2  2 8  16
3
16
1
A=   y dy
3
2
0

4
1  3 
A=
2x4  16 
Hindi y (x + y3) dx = x(y3 – x) dy
y  y  d(xy)
 – d   =0
x  x  (xy)2
 y3 + 2x + 2cx2y = 0
;g (4, –2) ls xqtjrk gSA
– 8 + 8 + 2c (16) (– 2) = 0  y3 = – 2x
g’(x) = 2sinxcosxsin–1sinx + 2cosx (–sinx) cos–1(cosx) = 0
x=0

y3=–2x

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Differential Equation

1/ 2

 (sin
1
g(/4) = g(x) = t  cos1 t ) dt
1/ 8

 1 1 3
 g(x) =    =
22 8 16
3
16
1
A=   y dy
3
2
0

4
1  3 
A=
2x4  16 
n10  n9
vr% n o"kZ ds U;wure iw.kk±d eku tc ns'k vkRefuHkZj gks tk,xk ds cjkcj ;k ls vf/kd gSA
n(1.04)  0.03

9. If the equation of curve passing through (3, 4) and satisfying the differential equation
2
 dy  dy
y  + (x – y) – x = 0 is Ax + By + 2 = 0 then value of A3 – B3 is
 dx  dx
2
 dy  dy
(3, 4)ls xqtjus okys rFkk vody lehdj.ky   + (x–y) –x=0 dks larq"V djus okys oØ dk lehdj.k
 dx  dx
Ax + By + 2 = 0 gS rks A3 – B3 dk eku gS&
Ans. 16.00
2
 dy  dy dy
Sol. y  + x –y –x=0
 dx  dx dx
dy  dy   dy 
y  1 + x   1 = 0
dx  dx   dx 
 dy   dy 
 y dx  x   dx  1 = 0
  
 either ydy + xdx = 0 or dy – dx = 0
since the curves pass through the point (3, 4)
 x2 + y2 = 25 or x–y+1=0
 2x – 2y + 2 = 0   A=2&B=2
 A–B=4
2
 dy  dy dy
Hindi. y  + x –y –x=0
 dx  dx dx
dy  dy   dy 
y  1 + x   1 = 0
dx  dx   dx 
 dy   dy 
 y dx  x   dx  1 = 0
  
;k rks ydy + xdx = 0 ;k dy – dx = 0
p¡wfd oØ fcUnq (3, 4) ls xqtjrk gSA
vr% x2 + y2 = 25 ;k x–y+1=0
 2x – 2y + 2 = 0   A=2&B=2
 A–B=4

64y  
 6 = 8
3 3

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Differential Equation

10. The perpendicular from the origin to the tangent at any point on a curve is equal to the abscissa of the
point of contact. If equation of tangent to the curve at (1, 3) is ax + by + 5 = 0 then value of a 2 + b2 is
equal to [16JM120611]
oØ ds fdlh fcUnq ij Li'kZ js[kk dh ewy fcUnq ls yEcor~ nwjh] Li'kZ fcUnq ds Hkqt ds cjkcj gSA oØ dh (1, 3) ij
Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k ax + by + 5 = 0 gS rks a2 + b2 dk eku gS&
Ans. 25.00
Sol. Equ. of tangent
Y – y = m(X - x)
y  mx
= x  (y – mx)2 = x2(1 + m2)
1 m 2

y2  x2 dy dy y2  x2
 y2 – 2mxy = x2  =  = Homogeneous
2xy dx dx 2xy
equation
which gives x2 + y2 – cx = 0
x2 + y2 = cx
curve passes through (1, 3)
 c = 10
equation of curve is x2 + y2 – 10x = 0
equation of tangent at (1, 3) is x.1 + 3y – 5(x + 1) = 0
4x – 3y +5 = 0
 a2 + b2 = 42 + (–3)2 = 25
Hindi. Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k
Y – y = m(X - x)
y  mx
= x  (y – mx)2 = x2(1 + m2)
1 m 2

y2  x2 dy dy y2  x2
 y2 – 2mxy = x2  =  =
2xy dx dx 2xy
;g le?kkr lehdj.k gS ftldk gy x2 + y2 – 2x = 0 gSA
x2 + y2 = cx
;g (1, 3) ls xqtjrk gSA
 c = 10
oØ dk lehdj.k x2 + y2 – 10x = 0 gSA
(1, 3) ij Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k x.1 + 3y – 5(x + 1) = 0 gSA
4x – 3y +5 = 0
a2 + b2 = 42 + (–3)2 = 25

11. A curve passing through point (1, 2) possessing the following property; the segment of
the tangent between t he point of tangenc y & the x axis is bisected at the point of
intersection with the yaxis. If A is area bounded by the curve & line x = 1 then A 2 is
equal to [16JM120614]
(1, 2) ls xqtjus okyk oØ] fuEufyf[kr xq.k/keZ dks j[krk gS] Li'kZ fcUnq ,oa x v{k ds e/; Li'kZ js[kk dk
vUr%[k.M] y v{k }kjk lef}Hkkftr gksrk gSA ;fn oØ vkSj js[kk x = 1 ls ifjc) {ks=kQy A gks rks A 2 dk eku
cjkcj gS&
Ans. 07.11
Sol. y – x = m(X – x)
y
Xint = x –
m

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Differential Equation

y
x x
m =0
2
y
2x =
m
dy y
=
dx 2x
1 y2
n y = nx + c  = k  y2 = kx
2 x
curve passes through (1, 2)
oØ (1, 2) ls xqtjrk gSA
 k=4
 y2 = 4x


A = 2 2 x dx
0
8
A =  9A 2 = 64
3

12. Two cylindrical tanks in which initially one is filled with water to the height of 1 m and other is empty, are
connected by a pipe at the bottom. Water is allowed to flow from filled tank to the empty tank through
the pipe. The rate of flow of water through the pipe at any time is a 2g h1  h2  , where ‘h1’ and ‘h2’ are
the heights of water level (above pipe) in the tanks at that time and ‘g’ is acceleration due to gravity. If
the cross sectional area of the filled and empty tanks be A and A/2 and that of the pipe be ‘a’, and if
kA
is the time when the level of water in both tanks will be same (neglect the volume of the water in
a 2g
pipe), then k is :
nks csyukdkj Vadh ftlesa vkjEHk esa ,d Vadh esa 1 ehVj ÅapkbZ rd ikuh Hkjk gS rFkk nwljh [kkyh gS] iSnksa dks ikbi
ls tksM+k tkrk gSA ikuh] Hkjh gqbZ Vadh ls [kkyh Vadh es cgus yxrk gSA fdlh le; ij ikbi ls ikuh cgus dh nj
a 2g h1  h2  gSA tgk¡ ‘h1’ vkSj ‘h2’ Vafd;ksa esa ikuh dh mpkbZ;ksa gSA rFkk ‘g’ xq:Roh; Roj.k gSA ;fn Hkjh gqbZ Vadh dk
i`"B {ks=kQy A rFkk A/2 gS tcfd ikbi dk i`"B {ks=k ‘a’, ;fn nksuksa Vadh esa ikuh dh lrg dk leku Lrj gksus esa
kA
yxk le; gS ¼ikbi esa ikuh ds vk;ru dks ux.; ekuus ij½ rc k dk eku gS &
a 2g
Ans. 00.67
Sol. Let at any time ‘t’ the height of water above the pipe in the tanks be h1 and h2 .
Then, volume in tank (1) + volume in tank (2) = total volume.
ekuk fdlh le; ‘t’ ij ikuh dh ÅapkbZ h1 vkSj h2
rc ikuh dh Vadh esa vk;ru (1) + Vadh (2) dk vk;ru = dqy vk;ru
A
Ah1  h2  A  1
2
2h1 + h2 = 2
 h1 – h2 = h1 – (2h1) = 3h1 – 2 ….(1)

Let us calculate the volume of water passed through the pipe in time ‘dt’, which is

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 Differential Equation

ekuk fd ikuh dk vk;ru fdlh le; ‘t’ ij ikbi ls xqtjkrk gS tks fd

dV  a 2g  3h1  2dt ….(2)

The volume of water passed through the pipe in time ’dt’ will cause the downing of level of tank (1) by
so it is = Adh ….(3)
1

fdlh le; ’dt’ ij ikbi ls xqtjus okys ikuh dk vk;ru ls Vsad dh lrg esa dh1 dh deh gksrh gS
blfy, = Adh1 ….(3)

From (2) and (3), we get (2) vkSj (3), ls

Adh1  a 2g  3h1  2dt

1m

a
A A/2

h t
A dh1 2A 
 

a 2g
 1 3h1  2

 dt
0
.

3a 2g 
3h  2  1  t

Here ‘h’ is the height of water in both the tanks when it is equal, therefore
nksuks Vadh esa ;gk¡ ‘h’ ikuh dh Å¡pkbZ gS tks cjkcj gS blfy,
A 3h 2
Ah  h  A 1  1 h 
. 2 2 3
2A 1A 2
t 
Putting in above equation we get . 3a 2g 3a g
2A 1A 2
t 
mijksDr lehdj.k esa j[kus ij . 3a 2g 3a g

1 / x dnf ( x )  1
13. If f (x) = e1/x, x > 0. Let for each positive integer n, Pn be the polynomial such that dxn  Pn  x e for
 d 
all x > 0 and if Pn+1 (x) = x2 .Pn (x)  . dx Pn (x) ,
 
then +  is :
;fn f (x) = e , x > 0 ekuk izR;sd /kukRed iw.kk±d n ds fy, Pn cgqin bl izdkj gS fd
1/x dnf ( x )  1
 Pn  e1 / x
lHkh x
dx n x
 d 
> 0 ds fy, Pn+1 (x) = x2 .Pn (x)  . dx Pn (x) ,
 
rc +  gSA
Ans. 02.00

Sol. From the given condition of the problem dn1f ( x)  P  1 e1 / x

n 1 
dx n 1 x
fn, x, izfrcU/k ls dn 1f ( x )  1
 Pn 1 e1 / x
dx n 1 x
  dn f ( x )   1  1 / x
 
 dx n   Pn 1 x e
 

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Differential Equation

   1  1 / x   1
 Pn  e   Pn 1 e1 / x
 x  x
 1
dPn  
 e1/x  x   P  1  de
1 / x
 1  e1/x
 Pn 1 
n 
dx  x  dx x
 1  1  –1 
dPn   d   –1\ x
d 
–1/ x  x    x   P  1  de  1
    Pn 1   e –1/ x
x
 e
 1 dx
n
 x   –1  dx x
d  d 
x  x 
 1
dPn  
1  x   1 P  1  1
n  1
 x2  1
d 
x2  x  = Pn+1  x  Put = y
x
x
 Pn+1 (y) = y2 Pn ( y )  dPn ( y ) 
 dy 

 Pn+1 (x) = x . 2  dPn ( x ) 

Pn ( x )  dx 
 

14. If y = f (x) be a curve passing through (e, e e) and which satisfy the differential equation
e
(2ny + xy logx)dx  x log x dy = 0, value of  g(x) dx where g (x) = f (x), is :
lim
n 
1/ e

;fn oØ y = f (x) fcUnq (e, ee) ls xqtjrk gS rFkk vody lehdj.k (2ny + xy logx)dx  x log x dy = 0 dks larq"V
e
djrk gS rc  g(x) dx dk eku gksxk tgk¡ g (x) = lim f (x), gSA n 
1/ e

Ans. 00.00
Sol. (2ny + xy logx)dx = x log x dy  dy   2n  1 dx
y  x log x 
 log (y) = 2n log |log x| + x + c (Since the curve passes through (e, e e) we get c = 0)
 log (y) = 2n log |log x| + x + c (pawfd oØ (e, ee) ls xqtjrk gS tc c = 0)
x log(log x)2n log(log x)2n
 y =e  y = e e
x

 y = e (log x)2n  f (x) = ex (log x)2n

x

h   , x  1/ e (log x)2n  infinity


lim f(x)  0 , 1/ e  x  e (log x)2n  0
 g (x) = n
k   , xe (log x)2n  infinity

e
  g(x) dx = 0.
1/ e

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
 dy d2 y 
1. The differential equation of all circles in a plane must be  y1  ,y 2  2 ,.........etc.  [16JM120618]
 dx 
 dx 


(A*) y3 1  y12  3y1y22  0  (B*) of order 3 and degree 1

(C) of order 3 and degree 2  

(D) y32 1  y12  3y1y22  0

 dy d2 y 
lery esa lHkh o`Ùkksa dh vody lehdj.k  y1  ,y2  2 ,.........etc. 
 dx dx 

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Differential Equation

 
(A*) y3 1  y12  3y1y22  0 (B*) Øe 3 ,oa ?kkr 1
(C) Øe 3 ,oa ?kkr 2  
(D) y32 1  y12  3y1y22  0
Sol. x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c =0
2 2
(There are three arbitrary constants g, f and c)
(;gk¡ ij f, g ,oa c LosPN fu;rkad gS)
dy dy
2x  2y   2g  2f  0 ....... (1)
dx dx
2  2y12  2yy2  2fy2  0 ........ (2)
4y1y2 + 2y1y2 + 2yy3 + 2f y3 = 0 ........ (3)
from (1) , (2) and (3) (1) , (2) ,oa (3) ls

 
y3 1  y12  3y1y22  0

2. Correct statement is/are [16JM120620]

(A*) The differential equation of all conics whose axes coincide with the axes of co-ordinates
is of order 2.
(B*) The differential equation of all staright lines which are at a fixed distance p from origin is
of degree 2.
(C*) The differential equation of all parabola each of which has a latus rectum 4a &
whose axes are parallel to y-axis is of order 2.
(D) The differential equation of all parabolas of given vertex, is of order 3.
lgh dFku gS&
(A*) lHkh 'kkado dh vody lehdj.k gksxh ftldh v{k] funZs'kkad v{kksa ds lkFk laikrh gS] dh dksfV 2 gSA
(B*) lHkh ljy js[kkvksa dh vody lehdj.k] tks ewy fcUnq ls fLFkj nqjh p ij gS] dh ?kkr 2 gSA
(C*) lHkh ijoy;ksa dh vody lehdj.k ftuesa izR;sad esa ufkHkyEc dh yEckbZ 4a gS vkSj ftldh v{k] y-v{k ds
lekUrj gS] dh dksfV 2 gSA
(D) fn, x, 'kh"kZ ds lHkh ijoy;ksa dh vody lehdj.k dh dksfV 3 gSA
Sol. (A) P(x, y) = ax2 + by2 + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
dP
= 0  2ax + 2hy + 2 g = 0 ax + hy + g = 0
dx
dP
= 0  2by + 2hx + 2f = 0 by + hx + f = 0
dy
h=g=f=0
b c
conic : ax2 + by2 + c = 0  x2 +   y2 + = 0 order = 2
 
a a

'kkado : ax2 + by2 + c = 0  x2 +   y2 + = 0 dksfV = 2

b c
 
a a
(B) x cos  + y sin  = p ...(1)
cos  + sin y = 0
y = –cot  ...(2)
solving (1) & (2) we get we get 2 degree equation
(1) vkSj (2) dks gy djus ij 2 ?kkr lehdj.k gSA

(C) equation of parabola will be (x – h)2 = ± 4a(y – k)

where h, & k are parameter
 order will be 2
ijoy; (x – h)2 = ± 4a(y – k) dk lehdj.k gksxkA
tgk¡ h, vkSj k izkpy gSA
 dkfV 2 gksxh
(D) let vertex of parabola be (h, k)

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Differential Equation

equation of axis & tangent at vertex will be

y – k = m(x – h) & y – k = –(x – h)
let legnth of L.R be 4a then equation of parabola is given by
  y  k   m  x  h   m  y  k    x  h 
2

  = 4a  
   
 1  m2   1  m2 
where m & a are parameter
 order will be 2
ekuk ijoy; dk 'kh"kZ (h, k) gS
v{k dk lehdj.k vkSj 'kh"kZ ij Li'kZ js[kk gksxhA
1
y – k = m(x – h) vkSj y – k = – (x – h)
m
ekuk ukfHkyEc dh yEckbZ 4a gS rc ijoy; dk lehdj.k fn;k x;k gS&
  y  k   m  x  h   m  y  k    x  h 
2

  = 4a  
   
 1 m 2
  1  m2 
tgk¡ m vkSj a izkpy gSA
 dksfV 2 gksxh
dy 1  y2
3. Solution of the different ial equation + = 0 is [16JM120615]
dx 1  x2
dy 1  y2
vody lehdj.k + = 0 dk gy gS &
dx 1  x2
(A*) tan – 1 y + sin – 1 x = c (B) tan – 1 x + sin – 1 y = c
1
(C) tan – 1 y . sin – 1 x = c (D*) cot – 1 + cos – 1 1  x2 = c
y
dy dx
Sol. + =0
1 y 2
1  x2
 tan–1 y + sin–1 x + c = 0
1
 cot–1 + cos–1 1  x2 + c = 0
y
4. The solution of (x + y + 1) dy = dx are
(x + y + 1) dy = dx dk gy gS &
(A*) x + y + 2 = Ce y (B) x + y + 4= = C log y
(C) log (x + y + 2) = Cy (D*) log (x + y + 2) = C + y
dx
Sol. =x+y+1
dy


dx
–x–y–1=0 I.F. = e 
 dy
= e–y lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e  = e–y
 dy

dy
dx
 
– xe–y – ye–y – e–y = 0  d(xe y ) = (e y  ye y )dy  xe–y = –e–y – ye–y + e
y
 e–y dy
dy
 xe–y = –e–y – ye–y – e–y + c  x = –1 – y – 1 + cey  x + y + 2 = cey

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Differential Equation

dx
5. The solution of + y = ye(n – 1)x , (n  1)
dy
dx
+ y = ye(n – 1)x dk gy gS, (n  1)
dy

1  en1 x  1  y2 n1 2
y2
(A*) n   = +C (B*) e (1 – n)x
= 1 + ce
n 1  en1 x  2
 
y2 n1 y2
n1 2 n1 
(C) n (1 + ce ) + nx + 1 = 0 (D) e(n –1)x = ce 2 +1
dx
Sol.  = y[e(n–1)x –1]
dy
dx dx y2
 
e  n 1 x
1
=  y dx   e   1
n 1 x
=
2
+C

Let ekuk e(n – 1)x = t  (n – 1)e (n – 1)x

dx = dt
n dt y2 1  1 1 y2

n 1  t  t  1
=
2
+C 
n 1  
t 1 t 
 
dt =
2
+C

1  t  1 y2
 n  = +C
n  1  t  2
1  en1 x  1  y2
 n   = +C
n  1  en1 x  2
 
e n 1 x
1
y2
n1 2
 = Ae
e 
n 1 x

y2
1 n1 2
 1– = Ae
e
n 1 x

y2
n1 2
 e(1 – n)x = 1 – A e
y2
(1 – n)x
n1 2
e = 1 + ce

6. Correct statement is/are

x
y3 y
(A*) f(x, y) = x e   y 2 n   is a homogenous function of degree two.
2 y
x x
sin y  x
(B) f(x, y) = is homogenous function of degree one.
sin2y  x cos y
y  y 
(C*) xsin   dy +  y sin x  x  dx = 0 is a homogenous differential equation.
x  
y
y
(D*) f(x, y) = e x  tan is homogenous function of degree zero.
x
lgh dFku gS&
x
y3 y
(A*) f(x, y) = x e   y 2 n   , nks ?kkr dk le?kkr Qyu gSA
2 y
x x
sin y  x
(B) f(x, y) = ,d ?kkr dk le?kkr Qyu gSSA
sin2y  x cos y

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Differential Equation

y  y 
(C*) xsin   dy +  y sin x  x  dx = 0 ,d le?kkr vody lehdj.k gSA
x  
y
y
(D*) f(x, y) = e x  tan 'kwU; ?kkr dk le?kkr Qyu gSA
x
Ans. (A) f(x, y)= 2f(x, y)
 f(x, y) is homogenuos of degree 2.

(B) f(x, y) can not be written as nf(x, y)

 function is not homogenous.

y y
(C) xsin & ysin – x are homogenous function of degree 1.
x x
therefore differential equation is homogenous.

(D) f(x, y) = ° f(x, y)

 degree 0.
Hindi. (A) f(x, y)= 2f(x, y)
 2 ?kkr dk f(x, y) le?kkr gSA

(B) f(x, y) dks

fy[kk ugh tk ldrk gS nf(x, y)
 Qyu] le?kkr ugha gSA

y y
(C) xsin & ysin – x, 1 ?kkr dk le?kkr Qyu gSA
x x
blfy, vody lehdj.k] le?kkr gSA

(D) f(x, y) = ° f(x, y)

 ?kkr 'kwU; gSA

dy
7. Solution of differential equation f(x) = f 2 (x) + f(x) y + f(x) y is [16JM120616]
dx
dy
vody lehdj.k f(x) = f 2 (x) + f(x) y + f(x) y dk gy gS &
dx
(A) y = f(x) + ce x (B) y = – f(x) + ce x (C*) y = – f(x) + ce x f(x) (D) y = cf(x) + e x
dy  f (x) 
Sol. Given DE can be written as – 1   y = f(x)
dx  f(x) 
W hich is L.D.E.
e– x
I.F. = e – x –  n f ( x ) =
f(x)
e– x e– x
General solution y
f(x)
= f(x)
f(x) 
dx + c = – e – x + c

 y = – f(x) + ce x f(x)
dy  f (x) 
Hindi. nh x;h vody lehdj.k dks fuEu iz d kj fy[k ldrs gS a & – 1   y = f(x)
dx  f(x) 
tks fd js [ kh; vody lehdj.k gS A
e– x
lekdy xq . kka d = e – x –  n f ( x ) =
f(x)
e– x e– x
O;kid gy y
f(x)
=  f(x)
f(x)
dx + c = – e – x + c

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Differential Equation

 y = – f(x) + ce x f(x)

8. The solution of x 2 y 1 2 + xy y 1 – 6y 2 = 0 are (here y 1 =dy/dx)

x 2 y 1 2 + x y y 1 – 6y 2 = 0 dk gy gS & ( ;gk¡ y 1 =dy/dx)
1
(A*) y = Cx 2 (B) x 2 y = C (C*) ny=C+ log x (D*) x 3 y = C
2
Sol. x 2 y 1 2 + x y y 1 – 6y 2 = 0
It is quadratic equation in y 1 ;g y 1 esa f}?kkr lehdj.k gSA
 xy  x y  24y x
2 2 2 2
 xy  5xy
y1 = 2
=
2x 2x 2
3y 2y
y1 = – | y1 =
x x
dy – 3y dy 2y
= | =
dx x dx x
dy dx
– 3 |
y x
– n y = 3 nx + nc | lny = 2 nx + nc
x3y = C y = cx 2

Option fodYi (C)

1
log y = c + logx
2
log y = n c 1 + logx 2
y = C1x2

2
 dy  dy
9. The solution of differential equation    (e x + e – x ) + 1 = 0 is
 dx  dx
2
vody lehdj.k   
dy dy
(e x + e – x ) + 1 = 0 dk gy gS&
 dx  dx
(A*) y = e x + c (B*) y = –e – x + c
(C) y = 2e x + 3e – x + c (D*) ye x + 1 = ce x
2
 dy  dy
 dx   dx (e + e ) + 1 = 0
–x
Sol. x

 


dy
=

ex  e x  ex  e x  4 
dx 2

=

ex  e x  ex  e x 
2
= e x or ;k e–x
 y = ex + c or ;k y = –e – x + c

dn y
10. If y = e – x cos x and y n + k n y = 0, where y n = and k n , n  N are constants.
dxn
dn y
;fn y = e – x cos x vkSj y n + k n y = 0 tgk¡ y n = vkSj k n , n  N vpj gS&
dxn
(A*) k 4 = 4 (B*) k 8 = –16 (C) k 1 2 = 20 (D) k 1 6 = –24

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Differential Equation

Sol. y = e – x cos x
y 1 =–e – x cos x – e – x sin x = – e – x (sin x + cosx)
 
= – 2 e – x (cosx cos + sinx sin )
4 4
 
y1 = – 2 e–x cos  x  
 4
   
y2 = + 2 e – x cos  x   + 2 e – x sin  x  
 4   4 
     
2 = e – x  cos  x –   sin  x –  
  4   4 
  
= 2 . 2 e – x cos  x – – 
 4 4
similarly blh izdkj

 2  2 
2
= e – x cos  x –
 4 

 2  3 
3
y3 = – e – x cos  x –
 4 

 2  4 
4
y4 = + e– x cos  x –
 4 

 2
4
= – e – x cosx
y4 + 4 y = 0
Similarly blh izdkj

 2  8 
 2
8 8
y8 = e– x cos  x – = e – x cos (x – 2)
 4 
= 16 e – x cosx
y 8 – 16y = 0

dn y
11. A solution of the differential equation y 1 y 3 = 3y 2 2 can be (where y n = )
dxn
(A*) x = A 1 y 2 + A 2 y + A 3 (B*) x = A 1 y + A 2
(C*) x = A 1 y 2 + A 2 y (D) y = A 1 x 2 + A 2 x + A 3
dn y
vody lehdj.k y 1 y 3 = 3y 2 2 dk ,d gy gks ldrk gS& ( tgk¡ y n = )
dxn
(A) x = A 1 y 2 + A 2 y + A 3 (B) x = A 1 y + A 2
(C) x = A 1 y 2 + A 2 y (D) y = A 1 x 2 + A 2 x + A 3
Sol. y 1 y 3 = 3y 22
y3 y
= 3 2   n y 2 = 3n y 1 + n c
y2 y1
y2 = c y1 3

y2
= c y1
y12
1
– = cy + c2
y1

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Differential Equation

dx
= – cy – c2
dy
cy 2
x = – – c2y + c3
2
 x = A 1 y2 + A2 y + A 3

x
12. A differentiable function satisfies equation f(x) =   f  t  cos t  cos  t  x  dt
0
then


(A*) f"   = e (B) lim f(x) = 1 [16JM120617]
2 x 

(C) f(x) has minimum value 1 – e – 1 (D*) f'(0) = –1

x
lehdj.k f(x) =   f  t  cos t  cos  t  x  dt
0
dks larq"B djus okyk ,d vodyuh; Qyu gS rc


(A*) f"   = e (B) lim f(x) = 1
2 x 

(C) f(x), dk U;wure eku 1 – e – 1 gSA (D*) f'(0) = –1

x x
Sol. f(x) =  f  t  cos t   cos  t  x  dt
0 0
x x

 
f(x) = f  t  cos t  cos t dt
0 0
dy
f'(x) = f(x)cosx – cosx  = ycosx – cosx (y = f(x))
dx
dy
 – ycosx = – cosx
dx

I.F. = e
 cos x dx
= e–sinx
 
y.e – s i n x = e sin x .cos x dx
y.e – s i n x = e – s i n x + c
 y = ce s i n x + 1
y = 0 when x = 0
 c = –1
 f(x) = 1 – e s i n x
f'(0) = f(0) – 1 = – 1
f"(x) = f(x)(–sinx) + cosx. f'(x) + sinx
 
f"   = –f   + 1 = –1 + e + 1 = e
 
2 2

x
13. Let f(x) is a continuous function which takes positive values for x  0 and satisfy  f  t  dt = x
0
f  x  with

1
f(1) = then [16JM120619]
2

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Differential Equation

1
(A) f(x) =
 
2
1  1  2 x 
 
  1
(B*) f  cot  =
 8 4
1
(C*) Area bounded by f(x) and x-axis between x = 0 to x = 2 + 1 is square units.
2  2 1 
 
(D) f  sin  = 2
 4 
x
1
ekuk f(x) lrr Qyu gS tks x  0 ds fy, /kukRed eku ysrk gS rFkk  f  t  dt = x f  x  ] f(1) = dks larq"B
2
0
djrk gS rc
1
(A) f(x) =
 
2
1  1  2 x 
 
  1
(B*) f  cot  =
 8 4
1
(C*) x = 0 vkSj x = 2 + 1 ds e/; f(x) vkSj x-v{k ls ifjc) {ks=kQy oxZ bdkbZ gSA
2  2 1 
 
(D) f  sin  = 2
 4
x
Sol.  f  t  dt = x
0
f x

xf '  x  dy
 f(x) = + f  x  Let f(x) = y2  f'(x) = 2y
2 f x dx
x dy dy
 y2 = .2y +y  y2 = x +y
2y dx dx
dy dx  y  1
  y  y  1 =  x
 n 
 y 
 = ncx

y 1 1 1
 = cx  = 1 ± cx  y=
y y 1  cx
1
f x =
1  cx

f 1 =
1
1 c
 1±c= 2  c=±  2 1 
1 1
 f x =  f(x) =
1  2 1 x 1  
2 1 x
2

 
 1 
 f x  is rejected vLohdk;Z gS 
  
2
 1 2 1 x 
 

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Differential Equation

  1 1
f  cot  = f( 2 + 1) = =  option (B) is correct.
 8 1  2  1
2 4
2 1 2 1
1   1
 f  x  dx =
2 1
(C) Area {ks=kQy = 1 dx –  1  =
  
2  1 1   
2  1 x   
1   2 2 1
2
0 0 2 1 x  0

   1  1 2 2
(D) f  sin  = f   = = =
  2 
2 2 2
 4  2 
1 

 2 1   1 
2

2  2 1 2 1

x
14. 
Let f(x), x  0 be a non negative continuous function & let F(x) = f  t  dt, x  0. If for some c > 0, f(x) 
0
c F(x) for all x 0 then
(A*) f(x) = 0  x  0
(B*) f(0) = 0
(C*) e–cx F(x) is a non-increasing function on [0, )
(D) F(x)  0  x  0
x
ekuk f(x), x  0 v_.kkRed lrr Qyu gSA ekuk F(x) =  f  t  dt, x  0. ;fn fdlh c > 0, ds fy, f(x)  c F(x)
0
lHkh x 0 ds fy, rc
(A*) f(0) = 0  x  0
(B*) f(0) = 0
(C*) e–cx F(x), [0, ) esa o/kZeku Qyu ugha gSA
(D) F(x)  0  x  0
x
Sol. Given that F(x) =  f  t  dt
0
 F'(x) = f(x) ...(1)
f(x)  cF(x)  x  0
 f(0)  cF(0)
 f(0)  0 ( F(0) = 0)
But given that f(0)  0
 f(0) = 0
f(x) – cF(x)  0
F'(x) – cF(x)  0
multiply by integrating factor e–cx
d
(e–cx F(x))  0  x  0
dx
let e–(x) F(x) = g(x)
 g'(x)  0 x0
 g(x) is decreasing function  x  0
 g(x)  g(0) x0
e–cx F(x)  F(0)  x  0
 e–cx F(x)  0  F(x)  0 x0
 cF(x)  0
 f(x)  0  x0
but f(x)  0  x  0 (given)
 f(x) = 0 x0

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Differential Equation

x
Hindi. fn;k x;k gS F(x) =  f  t  dt
0
 F'(x) = f(x) ...(1)
f(x)  cF(x)  x  0
 f(0)  cF(0)
 f(0)  0 ( F(0) = 0)
ijUrq fn;k x;k gS f(0)  0
 f(0) = 0
f(x) – cF(x)  0
F'(x) – cF(x)  0
lekdy xq.kd e–cx ls xq.kk djus ij
d
(e–cx F(x))  0  x  0
dx
ekuk e–(x) F(x) = g(x)
 g'(x)  0 x0
 lHkh x  0 ds fy, g(x) áleku gSA
 g(x)  g(0) x0
e–cx F(x)  F(0)  x  0
 e–cx F(x)  0  F(x)  0 x0
 cF(x)  0
 f(x)  0  x0
ijUrq f(x)  0  x  0 (fn;k x;k gSA)
 f(x) = 0 x0

15. A curve passing through (1 , 0) such that the ratio of the square of the intercept cut by
any tangent off the yaxis to the subnormal is equal to the rati o of the product of the
coordinates of the point of tangenc y to the product of square of the slope of the tangent
and the subtangent at the same point. Determine all such possible curves.
(A*) x = e2 y/x
(B) y = e2 x/y
(C*) x = e 2 y/x
(D) x = e 2 x/y

,d oØ fcUnq (1 , 0) ls bl izdkj xqtjrk gS fd fdlh Li'kZ js[kk ds y- vUr%[k.M ds oxZ vkSj v/kks%yEc dk vuqikr
Li'kZ fcUnq ds funsZ'kkadks ds xq.kuQy vkSj mlh fcUnq ij Li'kZ js [kk dh izo.krk ds oxZ ,oa v/kks%Li'khZ ds xq.kuQy ds
vuqikr ds cjkcj gSA ,sls lHkh lEHko oØ Kkr dhft,A
(A*) x = e2 (C*) x = e 2 (D) x = e 2
y/x
(B) y = e2
x/y y/x x/y

y 2 int xy
Sol. = 2
LSN m LST
(y – mx)2 xy

| my | y
m2  
m
m 0 y  0
[y = 0 ;k y = c gy ugha gS]
(y – mx) 2 = x y
y – mx =  xy 
dy y  xy
y  x y = mx  =
dx x
dy y y
  
dx x x
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Differential Equation

y
 t 2 j[kus ij
x
dy dt
  t 2  2xt
dx dx
vc vody lehdj.k
dt
t 2  2xt = t2 ± t
dx
gy djus ij x = e2 y/x
; x = e 2 y/x

d2 y
16. The differential equation + y + cot 2 x = 0 must be satisfied by
dx 2
d2 y
vody lehdj.k + y + cot 2 x = 0 dk gy gksuk pkfg,&
dx 2
(A) y = 2 + c 1 cos x + c 2 sin x
 x
(B*) y = cos x . n  tan  + 2
 2 
 x
(C*) y = 2 + c 1 cos x + c 2 sin x + cos x log  tan 
 2 
(D) all the above ¼mijksDr lHkh½
dy
Sol. (A) = –c 1 sin x + c 2 cos x
dx
d2 y
= –c 1 cos x – c 2 sin x = 2 – y
dx 2
d2 y
+ y + 2 = 0
dx 2

dy sec 2 x / 2  x
(B) = cos x – sin x n  tan 
dx
2 tan
x  2
2
dy  x
= cot x – sin x n  tan 
dx  2 
d2 y  1  x 
= –cosec 2 x –  sin x.
2
 cos x n  tan  
dx  sin x  2 
d2 y  x
= –cot 2 x – 2 – cos x n  tan 
2
dx  2
d2 y
+ y + cot 2 x = 0
dx 2
dy d   x 
(C) = –c 1 sin x + c 2 cos x +  cos x n  tan  
dx dx   2 
d2 y d2   x 
= –(c 1 cos x + c 2 sin x) + 2 
cos x n  tan  
dx 2 dx   2 
d2 y  x
2
= – c 1 cos x – c 2 sin x – cot 2 x – 2 – cos x n  tan 
dx  2

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Differential Equation

d2 y
+ y + cot 2 x = 0
dx 2

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION

Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)

Comprehension # 1 

Differential equations are solved by reducing them to the exact differential of an

expression in x & y i.e., they are reduced to the form d(f(x, y)) = 0
e.g. :

xdx  ydy ydx  xdy

=
x y
2 2 x2


1 2xdx  2ydy
2 x y
2 2
=–
xdy  ydx
x2
 d  x2  y2  y
= – d 
x
 y
 d  x2  y2   = 0
 x
y
 solution is x2  y2 = c. +
x
Use the above method to answer the following question (3 to 5)

1. The general solution of (2x 3 – x y 2 ) dx + (2y 3 – x 2 y) dy = 0 is

(A) x 4 + x 2 y 2 – y 4 = c (B*) x 4 – x 2 y 2 + y 4 = c(C) x 4 – x 2 y 2 – y 4 = c (D) x 4 + x 2 y 2 + y 4 = c
Sol. (B)
2x 3 dx + 2y 3 dy – (x y 2 dx + x 2 y dy) = 0
 x4   y4  1
d  + d – d (x 2 y 2 ) = 0
 2   2  2
   
 d (x 4 + y 4 – x 2 y 2 ) = 0  x 4 + y4 – x 2 y2 = c

xdy  y 
2. General solution of the differential equation + 1  2 2 
dx = 0 is
x y
2 2  x  y 

y x y
(A*) x + tan – 1   = c (B) x + tan – 1 = c (C) x – tan – 1   = c (D) none of these
x y x
xdy  ydx y
d 
xdy  ydx x 2
 x  + dx = 0
Sol. + dx = 0  + dx = 0 
x2  y2 y
2
y
2
1   1  
x x
  y  y
 d  tan1    + dx = 0  tan – 1   + x = c
  x  x

3. General solution of the differential equation e y dx + (xe y – 2y) dy = 0 is

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 Differential Equation

(A*) xe y – y 2 = c (B) ye x – x 2 = c (C) ye y + x = c (D) xe y – 1

= c y2
Sol. e y dx + xe y dy – 2ydy = 0
d (xe y ) – d(y 2 ) = 0
Solution is xe y – y 2 = c
vuqPNsn # 1
vody lehdj.kksa dks x vkSj y esa O;atd ds ;FkkFkZ vodyu ds :i esa O;Dr djds gy fd;k tk ldrk gS vFkkZr~
mUgsa
d(f(x, y)) = 0 ds :i esa O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tSls

xdx  ydy ydx  xdy 1 2xdx  2ydy xdy  ydx

= 2
 = –
x y
2 2 x 2 x y
2 2 x2


d(x 2  y 2 )
2 x y2
y
= – d 
x2
 d  x2  y2  y
= – d 
x
 y
 d  x2  y2   = 0
 x
y
 gy x2  y2 + = c gSA
x
mijksDr fof/k dk mi;ksx djds uhps fn, x, iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

1. (2x 3 – x y 2 ) dx + (2y 3 – x 2 y) dy = 0 dk lkekU; gy gS &

(A) x 4 + x 2 y 2 – y 4 = c (B*) x 4 – x 2 y 2 + y 4 = c (C) x 4 – x 2 y 2 – y 4 = c(D) x 4 + x 2 y 2 + y 4 = c
Sol. (B)
2x 3 dx + 2y 3 dy – (x y 2 dx + x 2 y dy) = 0
 x4   y4  1
d  + d –
 2 
d (x 2 y 2 ) = 0
 2  2
   
 d (x 4 + y 4 – x 2 y 2 ) = 0  x 4 + y4 – x 2 y2 = c

xdy  y 
2. + 1  2  dx = 0 dk lkekU; gy gS &
x y
2 2
x  y2
 
y x y
(A*) x + tan – 1   = c (B) x + tan – 1 = c (C) x – tan – 1   = c (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
x y x
xdy  ydx y
d 
xdy  ydx x 2
 x  + dx = 0
Sol. + dx = 0  + dx = 0 
x2  y2 y
2
y
2
1   1  
x x
  y  y
 d  tan1    + dx = 0  tan – 1   + x = c
  x  x

3. e y dx + (xe y – 2y) dy = 0 dk lkekU; gy gS &

(A*) xe y – y 2 = c (B) ye x – x 2 = c (C) ye y + x = c (D) xe y – 1
= cy 2

Sol. e y dx + xe y dy – 2ydy = 0
d (xe y ) – d(y 2 ) = 0
Solution is xe y – y 2 = c ( gy gS )

Comprehension # 2
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Differential Equation

dn y dn1y
In order to solve the differential equation of the form a 0 + a1 +..... + any = 0, where
dxn dxn1
a0, a1, a2 are constants.
We take the auxiliary equation a0Dn + a1 Dn–1 + ....+ an = 0
Find the roots of this equation and then solution of the given differential equation will be as given in the
following table.

Roots of the auxiliary equation Corresponding complementary

function
1. One real root 1 c1e1x
2. Two real and different roots 1 and 2 c1e1x  c 2e2 x
3. Two real and equal roots 1 and 1 (c1 + c2x) e1x
4. Three real and equal roots 1, 1, 1 (c1 + c2x + c3x2) e1x
5. One pair of imaginary roots  ± i (c1 cos x + c2 sin x) ex
6. Two pair of equal imaginary roots  ± i and  ± i [(c1 + c2x) cos x + (c1 + c2x) sin x] ex
Solution of the given differential equation will be y = sum of all the corresponding parts of the
complementary functions.

d2 y dy
4. Solve 2
–2 + y = 0. [16JM120621]
dx dx
(A*) y = (c1 + c2x)ex (B) y = (c1ex + c2ex) (C) y = (c1x)ex (D) none of these

d2 y
5. Solve + a2y = 0. [16JM120622]
dx 2
(A) y = (c1 cos ax + c2 sin ax)eax (B*) y = c1 cos ax + c2 sin ax
(C) y = c1 eax + c2 e–ax (D) none of these

d3 y d2 y dy
6. Solve 3
–6 2
+ 11 – 6y = 0 [16JM120623]
dx dx dx
(A) y = (c1 + c2 x + c3 x2) ex (B) y = x (c1 ex + c2 e2x + c3 e3x)
(C*) y = c1 ex + c2 e2x + c3 e3x (D) none of these
Sol.
4. D2 – 2D + 1 = 0
(D – 1)2 = 0
Two real and equal roots 1 = 1
y = (C1 + C2x)ex

5. D2 + a2 = 0
D = ± ai one pair of imaginary roots  ± i
=0, =a
y = (C1 cos x + C2 sin x)ex
y = (C1 cos ax + C2 sin ax)

6. D3 – 6D2 + 11D – 6 = 0  D3 – D2 – 5D2 + 5D + 6D – 6 = 0  (D – 1) (D2 – 5D + 6) = 0

 (D – 1) (D – 2) (D – 3) = 0
three real and different roots 1, 2, 3
1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 3
y = C1ex + C2e2x + c3e3x

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Differential Equation

vuqPNsn # 2
dn y dn1y
izk:i a0 + ..... + any = 0 tgk¡ a0, a1, a2 vpj gS] dh vody lehdj.k dks gy djus ds fy,
+ a1
dxn dxn1
ge lgk;d lehdj.k a0Dn + a1 Dn–1 + ....+ an = 0 ysrs gSA
ml lehdj.k ds ewy Kkr dhft, rFkk vc nh xbZ vody lehdj.k dk gy fuEufyf[kr rkfydk ls fyf[k,&
lgk;d lehdj.k ds ewy laxr iwjd Qyu
1. ,d okLrfod ewy 1 c1e1x
2. nks okLrfod ,oa fHkUu fHkUu ewy 1 vkSj 2 c1e1x  c 2e2 x
3. nks okLrfod ,oa leku ewy 1 vkSj 1 (c1 + c2x) e1x
4. rhu okLrfod ,oa leku ewy 1, 1, 1 (c1 + c2x + c3x2) e1x
5. dkYifud ewyksa dk ,d ;qXe  ± i (c1 cos x + c2 sin x) ex
6. dkYifud ewyksa ds nks ;qXe leku  ± i rFkk  ± i [(c1 + c2x) cos x + (c1 + c2x) sin x] ex
nh xbZ vody lehdj.k dk gy y = iwjd Qyu ds lHkh Hkkxksa dk ;ksxQy }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA
d2 y dy
4. 2
–2 + y = 0 dks gy dhft,&
dx dx
(A*) y = (c1 + c2x)ex (B) y = (c1ex + c2ex) (C) y = (c1x)ex (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

d2 y
5. + a2y = 0 dks gy dhft,&
dx 2
(A) y = (c1 cos ax + c2 sin ax)eax (B*) y = c1 cos ax + c2 sin ax
(C) y = c1 eax + c2 e–ax (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

d3 y d2 y dy
6. 3
–6 2
+ 11 – 6y = 0 dks gy dhft,&
dx dx dx
(A) y = (c1 + c2 x + c3 x2) ex (B) y = x (c1 ex + c2 e2x + c3 e3x)
(C*) y = c1 e + c2 e + c3 e
x 2x 3x
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol.

4. D2 – 2D + 1 = 0
(D – 1)2 = 0
nks okLrfod ,oa leku ewy 1 = 1 gSA
y = (C1 + C2x)ex

5. D2 + a2 = 0
D = ± ai dkYifud ewyksa dk ,d ;qXe  ± igSA
=0, =a
y = (C1 cos x + C2 sin x)ex
y = (C1 cos ax + C2 sin ax)

6. D3 – 6D2 + 11D – 6 = 0  D3 – D2 – 5D2 + 5D + 6D – 6 = 0  (D – 1) (D2 – 5D + 6) = 0

 (D – 1) (D – 2) (D – 3) = 0
rhu okLrfod ,oa fHkUu&fHkUu ewy 1, 2, 3 gSA
1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 3
y = C1ex + C2e2x + c3e3x

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Differential Equation

Comprehension # 3 (Q.No. 7 to 9)

Let f(x) be a differentiable function, satisfying f (0) = 2, f(0) = 3 and f (x) = f(x)
7. Graph of y = f(x) cuts x -axis at
1 1
(A*) x = – n5 (B) x = n5 (C) x = – n5 (D) x = n5
2 2
8. Area enclosed by y = f(x) in the second quadrant is
1 1
(A) 3  n 5 (B) 2  n5 (C*) 3 – 5 (D) 3
2 2
1
9. Area enclosed by y = f(x), y = f–1 (x), x + y = 2 and x + y = – n5 is
2
1 1 1 1
(A) 8  ( n5) 2
(B*) 8 – 2 5  ( n5) (C) 2 5 – ( n5)2
2
(D) 8  2 5 – ( n5)2
8 8 8 8
Sol. 2f (x) f(x) = 2 f(x) f(x)
Integrating
(f(x))2 = (f(x))2 + c
put x = 0  c=5
(f(x))2 = (f(x))2 + 5
put y = f(x)
dy
= ± y2  5
dx

 
n y  y 2  5 = ± x + c1

x = 0, y=2  c1 = n5

y  y2  5
= e±x
5
5ex – e – x 5e– x – ex
y= or y=
2 2
5e– x – ex 5ex – e – x
If f(x) = ; f (0) = 3 is not satisfied  f(x) =
2 2
 1 1
put f(x) = 0  2x = n    x = – n5
5 2
5ex  e– x
f(x) = 0  f(x) is increasing
2

0 0
 5e x – e – x  5e x  e – x 
Area in second quadrant = 
1

 2
 dx =
 2

 – 1 n5
=3– 5
– n5 2
2
1
Area by lines x + y = 2, x +y = – n5 ,
2
1 1 1  1 
y = f(x) and y = f–1(x) is 2(3 – 5 ) + . 2.2 +  n5   n5 
2 22  2 

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Differential Equation

1
=8– 2 5  ( n5)2
8
vuqPNsn # 3 (Q.No. 7 to 9)
ekuk f(x) ,d vodyuh; Qyu gS tks f (0) = 2, f(0) = 3 rFkk f (x) = f(x) dks larq"V djrk gS
7. y = f(x) dk vkjs[k x -v{k dks dkVrk gS&
1 1
(A*) x = – n5 (B) x = n5 (C) x = – n5 (D) x = n5
2 2
8. f}rh; prqFkk±'k esa y = f(x) }kjk ifjc) {ks=kQy gS&
1 1
(A) 3  n 5 (B) 2  n5 (C*) 3 – 5 (D) 3
2 2
1
9. y = f(x), y = f–1 (x), x + y = 2 rFkk x + y = n5 }kjk ifjc) {ks=kQy gS&
2
1 1 1 1
(A) 8  ( n5)2 (B*) 8 – 2 5  ( n5)2 (C) 2 5 – ( n5)2 (D) 8  2 5 – ( n5)2
8 8 8 8

Sol. 2f (x) f(x) = 2 f(x) f(x)

lekdyu djus ij (f(x))2 = (f(x))2 + c
x = 0 j[kus ij  c=5
(f(x))2 = (f(x))2 + 5
y = f(x) j[kus ij
dy
= ± y2  5
dx

 
n y  y 2  5 = ± x + c1

x = 0, y=2  c1 = n5

y  y2  5
= e±x
5
5ex – e – x 5e– x – ex
y= ;k y=
2 2
–x x
5e – e
;fn f(x) = gS] rks f (0) = 3 larq"V ugha gksrk gSA
2
5ex – e – x
 f(x) =
2
 1 1
f(x) = 0 j[kus ij  2x = n    x=– n5
5 2
5ex  e– x
f(x) = 0   f(x) o/kZeku gSA
2

0
 5e x – e – x 
f}rh; prqFkk±'k esa {ks=kQy = 
1

 2
 dx

– n5
2

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Differential Equation

0
5e x  e – x 
=  =3– 5
2  –
1
n5
2
1
js[kkvksa x + y = 2, x +y = – n5 ,
2
1 1 1  1 
y = f(x) rFkk y = f–1(x) }kjk ifjc) {ks=kQy 2(3 – 5 ) + . 2.2 +  n5   n5 
2 22  2 
1
=8– 2 5  ( n5)2
8

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Differential Equation

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

1. Let f be a real-valued differentiable function on R (the set of all real numbers) such that
f(1) = 1. If the y-intercept of the tangent at any point P(x, y) on the curve y = f(x) is equal to the cube of
the abscissa of P, then the value of f(–3) is equal to [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, 0), 84]
ekuk fd R ij ifjHkkf"kr okLrfod ekuksa okyk Qyu f bl izdkj gS fd f(1) = 1A ;fn oØ y = f(x) ds fcUnq
P(x, y) ij [khaph xbZ Li'khZ dk y-vUr%[k.M] P ds Hkqt ds ?ku ds cjkcj gks] rks f(–3) dk eku gSA
Ans. 9
Sol. Y – y = m (X – x)
Y-intercept y-vUr%[k.M (X = 0)
Y = y – mx
dy
Given that fn;k x;k gS fd y – mx = x3  x – y = – x3
dx
dy y
 – = – x2
dx x
1
Intergrating factor lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e  x =
– dx 1
x
1 1 x3
solution gy y .
x
=  x
. (  x2 ) dx  f(x) = y = –
2
+ cx
3
Given fn;k x;k gS fd f(1) = 1   c=
2
x3 3x
 f(x) = – +    f(–3) = 9
2 2
x
2. 
Let f : [1, )  [2, ) be a differentiable function such that f(1) = 2. If 6 f(t)dt  3xf(x)  x 3 for all x 
1
1, then the value of f(2) is
ekuk fd f : [1, )  [2, ) ,d vodyuh; Qyu (differentiable function) gS tcfd f(1) = 2 gSA ;fn x  1 ds
x
lHkh ekuksa ds fy;s 6  f(t)dt  3xf(x)  x3 ekU; gS] rc f(2) dk eku gSA [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]
1
Ans. Bonus (Taking x = 1, the integral becomes zero, whereas the right side of the equation gives 5.
Therefore, the function f does not exist.)
Ans. cksul (x = 1 ysus ij lekdyu ‘'kwU; gks tkrk gS] tcfd lehdj.k nkfguk Hkkx 5 nsrk gS blfy, Qyu dk vfLrRo
ugha gSA)
Sol. Data inconsistent.
Putting x = 1 , in given integral equation  f(1) = 1/3 , a contradiction (given that f(1) = 2).

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ADVDE - 1
Differential Equation


However if considering integral equation as 6 f(t)dt  3xf(x)  x 3 – 5
1
we obtain correct answer.
Differentiating the integral equation
6f(x) = 3f(x) + 3xf(x) – 3x2
1
f(x) – f(x) = x
x
put y = f(x)
dy 1
– y=x
dx x
1
I.F. =
x
1
General solution is y =x+c
x
Put x = 1, y = 2  c=1
 y = x2 + x
f(x) = x2 + x
f(2) = 4 + 2 = 6
Hindi. vk¡dM+s vlaxr
x = 1 j[kus ij nh x;h lehdj.k esa f(1) = 1/3 fojks/kkHkkl (fn;k x;k gS f(1) = 2).
x
fQj Hkh ;fn lehdj.k 6  f(t)dt  3xf(x)  x3 – 5 dks ekuus ij lgh mÙkj izkIr djrs gSA
1
vodyu djus ij
6f(x) = 3f(x) + 3xf(x) – 3x2
1
f(x) – f(x) = x
x
y = f(x) j[kus ij
dy 1
– y=x
dx x
1
I.F. =
x
1
O;kid gy y = x + c
x
x = 1, y = 2 j[kus ij  c=1
 y = x2 + x
f(x) = x2 + x
f(2) = 4 + 2 = 6

df(x)
3. Let y(x) + y(x) g(x) = g(x) g(x), y(0) = 0, x  R , where f(x) denotes and g(x) is a given non-
dx
constant differentiable function on R with g(0) = g(2) = 0. Then the value of y(2) is
df
ekuk fd y(x) + y(x) g(x) = g(x) g(x), y(0) = 0, x  R , tgk¡ f(x)  vkSj g(x) ,d vpsrj vodyuh; Qyu
dx
(non-constant differentiable function) R ij ifjHkkf"kr gS] ftlds fy;s g(0) = g(2) = 0 gSA rc y(2) dk eku gSA
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (4, 0), 80]
Ans. 0

Sol. y(x) + y (x) g(x) = g(x) g(x), y (0) = 0  x  R

d
(y(x)) + y (x) g (x) = g(x) g(x)., g (0) = g(2) = 0.
dx
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ADVDE - 2
Differential Equation

I·F = e g(x)dx = eg(x)

e g(x)g(x) dx + c
g(x)
y (x) eg(x) =
Let g(x) = t
g(x) dx = dt

 te dt
t
y(x) eg(x) =
= tet – et + c

y(x) = (g(x)–1) + c e–g(x)

Let x =0 y(0) = (g(0)–1) + c e–g(0)

0 = (0–1) + c  c =1
y (x) = (g(x) –1) + e–g(x)
y(2) = (g(2)–1) + e–g(2)
y (2) = (0 –1) + e–(0) = –1 + 1 = 0
Hindi. y(x) + y (x) g(x) = g(x) g(x), y (0) = 0  x  R
d
(y(x)) + y (x) g (x) = g(x) g(x)., g (0) = g(2) = 0.
dx
I·F = e g(x)dx = eg(x)

e g(x)g(x) dx + c
g(x)
y (x) eg(x) =
ekuk g(x) = t
g(x) dx = dt

 te dt = te – e + c
t
y(x) eg(x) = t t

y(x) = (g(x)–1) + c e–g(x)

ekuk x =0 y(0) = (g(0)–1) + c e–g(0)
0 = (0–1) + c  c =1
y (x) = (g(x) –1) + e–g(x)
y(2) = (g(2)–1) + e–g(2)
y (2) = (0 –1) + e–(0) = –1 + 1 = 0

4.* If y(x) satisfies the differential equation y – y tan x = 2x sec x and y(0) = 0, then
(Revision Planner)
;fn y(x) vody lehdj.k y – y tan x = 2x sec x dks larq"V djrk gS vkSj y(0) = 0, rc
 2    2
(A*) y    (B) y   
4 8 2  4  18
[IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (4, 0), 70]
   2    4 22
(C) y    (D*) y    
3 9 3 3 3 3
dy
Sol. – y tan x = 2x sec x
dx
y(0) = 0
I.F. = e 
– tan x dx
= e– logsec x
I.F. = cos x
cos x . y =  2x sec x.cos x dx
cos x. y = x2 + c
c=0
y = x2 sec x

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ADVDE - 3
Differential Equation

 2 2
y   = . 2 =
4 16 8 2
  2
y   = . 2  . 2
4 2 16
 2 22
y   = .2 =
3 9 9
  2
y   = 2 .2  .2. 3
3 2 9
4 22 3

3 9
  y y
5. A curve passes through the point  1,  . Let the slope of the curve at each point (x, y) be  sec   ,
 6  x x
x > 0. Then the equation of the curve is (Differential Equation) XII
 
,d oØ fcUnq  1,  ls xqtjrk gSA ekuk fd izR;sd fcUnq (x, y) ij oØ dh izo.krk  sec   , x > 0 gS] rc
y y
 6 x x
oØ dk lehdj.k gS& [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (2, 0)/60]
y 1 y
(A*) sin   = logx + (B) cosec   = logx + 2
 
x 2 x
 2y   2y  1
(C) sec    log x  2 (D) cos    log x 
 x   x  2
Sol. (A)
Given slope at (x, y) is
dy y
 + sec(y/x)
dx x
y dy dt
let = t  y = xt  =t+x
x dx dx
dt
t+x = t + sec(t)
dx

1
 cos t dt   x dx
sin t = n x + c
sin(y/x) = n x + c
This curve passes through (1, /6)
sin(/6) = n(1) + c  c = 1/2
sin(y/x) = n x + 1/2

Hindi. (A)
(x, y) ij nh xbZ izo.krk gS
dy y
 + sec(y/x)
dx x
y dy dt
let = t  y = xt  =t+x
x dx dx
dt
t+x = t + sec(t)
dx

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ADVDE - 4
Differential Equation

1
 cos t dt   x dx
sin t = n x + c
sin(y/x) = n x + c
;g oØ (1, /6) ls xqtjrh gS
sin(/6) = n(1) + c  c = 1/2
sin(y/x) = n x + 1/2

dy xy x 4  2x
6. The function y = f(x) is the solution of the differential equation  2  in (–1,
dx x  1 1  x2
3
2
1) satisfying f(0) = 0. T hen  f(x)dx is [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
3

2

dy xy x 4  2x
Qyu y = f(x) fuEu vodyuh; lehdj.k (differential equation)  2 
dx x  1 1  x2
3
2
dk va r jky (–1, 1) es a gy gS ,oe~ f(0) = 0 dks lURkq " V djrk gS A rc  f(x)dx dk eku gS &
3

2
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
 3  3  3  3
(A)  (B*)  (C)  (D) 
3 2 3 4 6 4 6 2
Ans. (B)
x 1 2x
 2 dx  2 dx
1 1
n|x 2 1| n(1 x2 )
Sol. I.F. = e x 1 = e 2 x 1 = e 2 = e2 = 1  x2
x  2x
4
 y 1  x2 =  1 x 2
 12  x2 dx  c

5
x
y 12  x 2   x2  c
5
x = 0, y = 0  c = 0
x5
 x2
y= 5
1  x2
3  x5  x5 
2   x2  x2 
 =   5
 1  x2
 5
1  x2
dx

0  
 
3
2
x2
= 2 
0 1  x2
dx

x = sin
dx = cos d

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ADVDE - 5
Differential Equation


3
sin2  cos 
= 2
0
 cos 
d



3
 1 3  1 2  1 3  3
0

= (1  cos 2)d =    sin2  =   sin
 2 0 3 2 3
=  
3 2 2
 
3 4
7. Let f : [0, 2] R be a function which is continuous on [0, 2] and is differentiable on (0, 2) with f(0) = 1.
x2
Let F(x)   f(
0
t )dt for x  [0, 2]. If F'(x) = f'(x) for all x  (0, 2), then F(2) equals

[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]

ekuk f : [0, 2] R ,d ,slk Qyu gS tks [0, 2] ij larr~ (continuous) gS ,oe~ (0, 2) ij vodyuh;
x2
(differentiable) gS rFkk f(0) = 1 gSA ekuk fd lHkh x  [0, 2] ds fy;s F(x)   f( t )dt gSA ;fn lHkh x  (0, 2)
0
ds fy;s F'(x) = f'(x) gS] rc F(2) dk eku gS&
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) e2 – 1 (B*) e4 – 1 (C) e – 1 (D) e4
Ans. (B)
Sol. f'(x) = 2x f(x)
f '(x)
= 2x
f(x)
n(f(x)) = x2 + c
x = 0, f(0) = 1
c=0
 n(f(x)) = x2
2
f(x) = e x
 F(x) = f(x) + c
2
F(x) = e x + c
F(0) = 0
 c = –1
2
 f(x) = e x – 1
f(2) = e4 – 1.

8*. Let y(x) be a solution of the differential equation (1 + e x)y' + yex = 1. If y(0) = 2, then which of the
following statements is (are) true ? [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-1 (4, –2)/ 88]
(A*) y(–4) = 0
(B) y(–2) = 0
(C*) y(x) has a critical point in the interval (–1, 0)
(D) y(x) has no critical point in the interval (–1, 0)
eku fd y(x) vody lehdj.k (1 + ex)y' + yex = 1 dk gy gSA ;fn y(0) = 2 rc fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk
(ls) lgh gS (gSa) ? [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-1 (4, –2)/ 88]
(A*) y(–4) = 0
(B) y(–2) = 0
(C*) y(x) dk ,d Økafrd fcUnq (critical point) varjky (–1, 0) esa gSA
(D) y(x) dk dksbZ Hkh Økafrd fcUnq (critical point) varjky (–1, 0) esa ugh gSA

Ans. (A,C)
dy
Sol. (1 + ex) + yex = 1
dx
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ADVDE - 6
Differential Equation

dy ex 1
+ y=
dx 1  e x
1  ex
ex
 1 ex dx
 e n(1 e ) = 1 + ex
x
I.F = e
complete solution iw.kZ gy
y.(1 + ex) =  1dx
(1 + ex)y = x + c
x = 0, y = 2  c=4
(1 + ex)y = x + 4
x4
y= x
e 1
x = –4, y = 0
2
x = –2, y = 2
x 1
dy
=

e x  1 .1   x  4  e x
 
dx 2
ex  1

e x
 x  3   1
e 
2
x
1
(0, 3)
e
(–1, 2)

–1

dy
=0  x + 3 = e–x
dx
1
ex =
x3

9*. Consider the family of all circles whose centers lie on the straight line y = x. If this
family of circles is represented by the differential equation Py" + Q y' + 1 = 0, where P, Q
are functions of x, y and y' (here y' = , y" = ), then which of the following statements is
(are) true?
(A) P = y + x (B*) P = y – x
(C*) P + Q = 1 – x + y + y' + (y') 2 (D) P – Q = x + y – y' – (y') 2
mu lHkh o`Ùk– dqy(family of circles) dks fopkj dhft, ftuds dsUnz ljy js[kk y = x ij fLFkr gSA ;fn bl
o`Ùk– dqy ds lHkh o`Ùk] vody lehdj.k Py" + Q y' + 1 = 0, ls fu:fir gksrs gS] tgk¡ P, Q bl izdkj gSa fd os
dy d2 y
x, y vkSj y' ds Qyu gSa ( ;gk¡ y' =
, y" = ), rc fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk¼ls½ lgh gS ¼gSa½?
dx dx 2
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-1 (4, –2)/ 88]
(A) P = y + x (B*) P = y – x
(C*) P + Q = 1 – x + y + y' + (y') 2 (D) P – Q = x + y – y' – (y') 2
Ans. (B,C)
Sol. (x – ) 2 + (y – ) 2 = r 2
x 2 + y 2 – 2x – 2y + 2 2 – r 2 = 0
2x + 2yy – 2 – 2y = 0 ...(i)
x  yy '
  = ...(ii)
1 y '
again diff. w.r.t. iqu% vodyu djus ij
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ADVDE - 7
Differential Equation

 x  yy ' 
2 + 2(y)2 + 2yy –   2y = 0
 1 y ' 
 1 + (y) 2 + yy – y = 0
 1 + y + (y) 2 + (y)  + yy + yy y – x y – yy y = 0
 (y – x)y+ (1 + y + (y) 2 ) y + 1 = 0
 P = y – x, Q = 1 + y + (y) 2
Ans. (B,C)
Note : P & Q will not be unique function as
Py + Q y+ Ry– Ry + 1 = 0
Py ' Qy '
 + + 1 = 0 Hence new P & Q can be obtained.
1– Ry '' 1 – Ry '
So it can be a controversial problem.
uksV : P rFkk Q vf}rh; Qyu ugha gS tSlk fd
Py + Q y+ Ry– Ry + 1 = 0
Py ' Qy '
 + + 1 = 0s vr% u;s P rFkk Q izkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSA
1 – Ry '' 1 – Ry '
vr% ;g fooknkLin iz'u gSA
f (x)
10. Let f : (0, )  R be a differentiable function such that f(x) = 2 – for all x  (0, ) and f(1)  1.
x

Then [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, –1)/62]

 1  1
(A) Lim f '    1 (B) Lim x f    2 (C) Lim x 2 f ' ( x)  0 (D) all x  (0, 2)
x 0  x  x 0 x x 0
f ( x )  2 for

ekuk fd f : (0, )  R ,d vodyuh; (differentiable) Qyu ,slk gS fd lHkh x  (0, ) ds fy,

f (x)
f(x) = 2 – vkSj f(1)  1 gSA rc
x
 1  1
(A) Lim f '    1 (B) Lim x f    2 (C) Lim x 2 f ' ( x)  0 (D) lHkh x  (0, 2) ds fy,
x 0 x x 0 x x 0
f ( x)  2

Ans. (A)
f (x) dy y
Sol. f(x) = 2 – or dx
+ =2
x x
I.F. = e 1x dx = e nx =x
solution is vr% gy gS % y × x =  2xdx = x2 + c
c
or y = x + & c  0 as pwafd f(1)  1
x
 1  1
(A) lim f   = lim (1 – cx2) = 1 (B) lim x f   = lim 1 + cx2 = 1
x 0  x 0  x 0  
x  x  x 0
(C) lim x f(x) =
2 lim x2 –c = –c  0 (D) lim f(x)  +  or – 
x 0  x 0  x 0 

Hence only (A) is correct vr% dsoy (A) lgh gSA

dy
11*. A solution curve of the differential equation (x 2 + xy + 4x + 2y + 4) dx –y2 = 0, x > 0, passes through the

point
(1, 3). Then the solution curve [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (4, –2)/62]
(A) intersects y = x + 2 exactly at one point
(B) intersects y = x + 2 exactly at two points
(C) intersects y = (x + 2)2
(D) does NOT intersect y = (x + 3)2

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ADVDE - 8
Differential Equation

dy
ekuk fd vody lehdj.k (differential equation) (x2 + xy + 4x + 2y + 4) dx
–y2 = 0, x > 0, dk ,d gy oØ
(solution curve) fcUnq (1, 3) ls xqtjrk gSA rc og gy oØ
(A) y = x + 2 dks Bhd ,d fcUnq (exactly one point) ij izfrPNSfnr (intersect) dkjrk gS
(B) y = x + 2 dks Bhd nks fcUnqvksa (exactly at two points) ij izfrPNsfnr djrk gS
(C) y = (x + 2)2 dks izfrPNsfnr djrk gS
(D) y = (x + 3)2 dks izfrPNsfnr ugh djrk gS
Ans. (AD)
dy
Sol. [(x + 2)(x + 2 + y)] dx – y2 = 0  y = (x + 2)t
dy dt  dt 
= (x + 2) +t  ((x + 2)(x + 2 + (x + 2)t)  (x  2) dx  t  – (x + 2)2.t2 = 0
dx dx  
 dt  dt
(x + 2)2 = 0 or (1 + t)  (x  2) dx  t  – t2 = 0  (x + 2) (1 + t) +t=0
  dx
 1 t 
 t  dt
  =– dx
x2
 y   y 
nt + t = – n(x + 2) + c  n  x  2  +  x2= –n(x + 2) + c
   
ny – n(x + 2) + y
= – n(x + 2) + c  ny + y
=c
x2 x2
3
n3 + =+c  c = n3 + 1  ny + y
= n3e
3 x2
(A) ny + y
= n3e  n(x + 2) + 1 = n3 + 1
x2
 one solution ,d gy
(x  2)2
(C) ln(x + 2) + 2
= n3 + 1  2n(x + 2) + (x + 2) = n3e
x2
3e
(x + 2)2 e(x + 2) = 3e  ex + 2 =
(x  2)2

ex + 2

e2
3e
4

3e
2
(x  2)

no solution dksbZ gy ugha

(x  3)2
(D) y = (x + 3)2  n(x + 3)2 + x2 = n3 + 1
(x  2)  1  2(x  2)
2

2n(x + 3) + x2 = n3 + 1

1
g(x) = 2n(x + 3) + (x + 2) + 2 + (x  2) – n3 – 1
2 1 2(x  2)2  (x  3) 2x 2  8x  8 – x  3
g(x) = (x  3) + 1 + 0 – (x  2)2 = (x  3)(x  2) 2 +1= (x  3)(x  2)2 +1>0
1 7
g(x) increasing o)Zeku gSA  g(0) = 2n3 + 2 +1 +2 – n3 = n3 + 2
which is positive, thus no solution tks /kukRed gS] vr% dksbZ gy ughaA

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ADVDE - 9
Differential Equation

–1
 
12. If y = y(x) satisfies the differential equation 8 x  9  x dy   4  9  x  dx, x > 0 and
   
y (0) = 7 , then y(256) = [JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-2,(3, –1)/61]
–1
 
;fn y = y(x) vodyuh; lehdj.k (differential equation) 8 x  9  x dy   4  9  x  dx, x > 0 dks
   
lUrq"V djrk gS ,oe~ y (0) = 7 gS] rc y(256) =
(A) 16 (B*) 3 (C) 9 (D) 80 

Ans. (B)

dy  
–1
4 9x
Sol. 
dx 8 x 9 x

1 1 1
dy  . . dx
4 9 x 9 x 8 x

1 1
Let ekuk 4 + 9 x  t  × dx = dt
2 9 x 2 x

1 1
 dy =  . dt
t 2

y= t c

y= 4 9 x + c

at x = 0 ij , y = 7

 7= 7 +cc=0

y= 4 9 x

at x = 256 ij  y = 4  9  256 =3

13. Let f : R  R and g : R  R be two non-constant differentiable functions. If f(x) = (e(f(x) – g(x)) g(x) for all
x  R, and f(1) = g(2) = 1, then which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE?
ekukfd f : R  R vkSj g : R  R nks pj (non-constant) vkSj vodyuh; (differentiable) Qyu (function) gSA
;fn f(x) = (e(f(x) – g(x)) g(x) lHkh x  R ds fy, vkSj f(1) = g(2) = 1 rc fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSulk (ls) dFku lR;
gS(gSa) ? [JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-1,(4, –2)/60]
[Differential equation]
(A) f(2) < 1 – loge2 (B) f(2) > 1 – loge2
(C) g(1) > 1 – loge2 (D) g(1) < 1 – loge2
Ans. (BC)

Sol. f ' (x) = ef(x)–g(x) g'(x) : f(1) = g(2) = 1

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ADVDE - 10
Differential Equation

e–f(x) = e–g(x) + c

e–f(x) . f '(x) = e–g(x) . g'(x)

 d(e )   d(eg(x) )
 f (x)

e–f(x) = e–g(x) + c

1
x=1 = e–g(1) + c
e

1
x=2 e–f(2) = c
e

 g(1) > 1 – n2

e–f(2) = 2e–1 – e–g(1)

e–f(2) = 2e–1 – e–g(1)

f(2) > 1 – n2

e–1 – e–f(2) = e–g(1) – e–1  e–g(1) + e–f(2) = 2e–1

e–g(1) < 2e–1

–g(1) < n2 – 1

x

e
xt
14*. Let f : [0, )  R be a continuous function such that f(x) = 1 – 2x + f(t) dt
0

for all x  [0, ). Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are)) TRUE?
(A) The curve y = f(x) passes through the point (1, 2) [Differential equation]
(B) The curve y = f(x) passes through the point (2, –1) [JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-1,(4, –2)/60]
2
(C) The area of the region {(x, y)  [0, 1] × R : f(x)  y  1  x2 is
4
 1
(D) The area of the region {(x, y)  [0, 1] × R : f(x)  y  1  x2 is
4
ekukfd f : [0, )  R ,d ,slk larr Qyu (continuous function) gS fd
x

e
xt
f(x) = 1 – 2x + f(t) dt
0

lHkh x  [0, ) ds fy,] rc fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSulk (ls) dFku lR; gS(gSa) ?
(A) oØ (curve) y = f(x) fcUnq (1, 2) ls xqtjrk gSA
(B) oØ (curve) y = f(x) fcUnq (2, –1) ls xqtjrk gSA
2
(C) {ks=k (region) {(x, y)  [0, 1] × R : f(x)  y  1  x2 dk {ks=kQy (area) gSA
4

 1
(D) {ks=k (region) {(x, y)  [0, 1] × R : f(x)  y  1  x2 dk {ks=kQy (area) gSA
4

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ADVDE - 11
Differential Equation

Ans. (BC)
x x

 e f(t)dt e
xt t
Sol. f(x) = 1 – 2x +  f(x) . e–x = (1 – 2x).e–x + f(t)dt
0 0

 f '(x)e–x – e–x . f(x) = – 2 . e–x – (1 – 2x) . e–x + e–x . f(x)

 f '(x) – 2f(x) = (2x – 3)

I.F. = e–2x

 (2 x 3).e
2x
 y . e–2x = dx
I II

e 2x e2x (2 x  3)e2x e2x

 y . e–2x = (2x – 3) . 2 dx  y . e–2x = –  c
2 2 2 2

(2 x  3)  1
 y.e–2x =  c.e2x  y = (1 – x) + c.e2x
2

 y = (1 – x) + c . e2x

put x = 0 j[kus ij
1=1+c  c=0

 y = 1 – x which passes through point (2, –1)

 y = 1 – x, fcUnq (2, –1) ls xqtjrh gSA

f(x)sin t – f(t)sin x
15*. Let f : (0, )  R be a twice differentiable function such that lim = sin2x for all
tx t–x
 
x  (0, ) . If f   = – , then which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE ?
6 12

  x4
(A) f   = (B) f(x) < – x2 for all x  (0, )
 
4 4 2 6

 
(C) There exists   (0, ) such that f () = 0 (D) f    + f   = 0 [Differential equation]
2 2

[JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-2,(4, –2)/60]

ekuk fd f : (0, )  R ,d ,slk f}vodyuh; (twice differentiable) Qyu (function) gS fd

f(x)sin t – f(t)sin x
lim = sin2x lHkh x  (0, ) ds fy;sA
tx t–x

  
;fn f   = – , rc fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk (ls) dFku lR; gS (gSa) ?
6 12

 
(A) f   =
4 4 2

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ADVDE - 12
Differential Equation

x4
(B) f(x) < – x2 lHkh x  (0, ) ds fy;s
6

(C) ,d ,sls   (0, ) dk vfLrRo (existence) gS ftlds fy;s f () = 0

 
(D) f    + f   = 0
2 2

Ans. (BCD)

f(x)sin t  f(t)sin x
Sol. lim = sin2x
t x tx

f(x)cos x  f (x)sin x
=1
sin2 x

 f(x) 
–d  =1
 sin x 

f(x)   
=–x+c  f   =–  c=0  f(x) = – x sin x
sin x  6 12

(A) f(x) + f(x) = – 2 cos x

  
f   + f   = 0
2  2

    
(B) f   =  
 4  4 2

(C) f(x) is continuous and differentiable and f(0) = f(x) = 0

f(x) lrr~ vkSj vodyuh; gS rFkk f(0) = f(x) = 0

Using by Rolle's theorem f(c) = 0 for some x  (0, )

jksy izes; ls f(c) = 0 fdlh x  (0, ) ds fy,

x4
(D) g(x) = – x sin x + x2 –
6

2x 3
g(x) = f(x) + 2x –
3

g'' (x) = f(x) + 2x –2x2

g''' (x) = 3 sin x + x cos x – 4x = 3 (sin x – x) + x (cosx – 1)

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ADVDE - 13
Differential Equation

 g(x) < 0  g(x) is decreasing g(x) áleku gSA

for x > 0 ds fy, g(x) < g(0)  g(x) < 0

hence g(x) is decreasing vr% g(x) áleku gSA

for x > 0ds fy, g(x) < g(0)  g(x) < 0

hence vr% g(x) < 0

for x > 0 ds fy, g(x) < g(0)  g(x) < 0

x4
Hence vr% f(x) < – x2  x  (0, )
6

y= 1  x2

y=f(x)

Now vc

1 1  1
required area vHkh"V {ks=kQy = .(1)2  .1.1  
4 2 4 2

16. Let f : R  R be a differentiable function with f(0) = 0. If y = f(x) satisfies the differential equation

dy
= (2 + 5y)(5y – 2),
dx

then the value of lim f(x) is _______ . [JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-2,(3, 0)/60]
x– 

[Differential equation]

ekuk fd f : R  R ,d ,slk vodyuh; Qyu (differentiable function) gS ftlds fy;s f(0) = 0A ;fn y = f(x),
vody lehdj.k (differential equation)

dy
= (2 + 5y)(5y – 2),
dx

dks larq"V djrk gS] rc xlim

– 
f(x) dk eku gS _______ A

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ADVDE - 14
Differential Equation

Ans. (0.4)

dy
Sol. = (5y + 2)(5y – 2)
dx

1 dy
25   2  2
 dx 
 y  5  y  5 
  

2
y
1 5 5
. n =x+c
25 4 2
y
5

1 5y  2
n  xc
20 5y  2

at x = 0 ij, y = 0  c = 0

2  5y
Hence vr% = e20x
2  5y

2  5y 2
 e20x , lim e20x  0  lim y   0.4
2  5y x  x  5

17. Let f : R  R be a differentiable function with f(0) = 1 and satisfying the equation

f(x + y) = f(x) f (y) + f (x)f(y) for all x, y  R.

Then, the value of loge(f(4)) is ______ . [JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-2,(3, 0)/60]

[Differential equation]
ekuk fd f : R  R ,d ,slk vodyuh; Qyu (differentiable function) gS ftlds fy;s f(0) = 1 vkSj tks lHkh
x, y R ds fy, lehdj.k f(x + y) = f(x) f (y) + f (x)f(y) dks larq"V djrk gSA rc loge(f(4)) dk eku gS ______ A

Ans. (2)

Sol. f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y) + f(x) . f(y)

substituting x = y = 0 j[kus ij , we get

1
f(0) = 2f(0)  f(0) =
2

Now substituting vc y = 0 j[kus ij

f(x) = f(x) . f(0) + f(x) . f(0)

f(x)
 f(x) =
2

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ADVDE - 15
Differential Equation

 f(x) = ex/2  f(x) = ex/2 (aspawfd f(0) = 1)

x
Now vc ln(f(x)) =  ln (f(4)) = 2
2

18*. Let  denote a curve y = f(x) which is in the first quadrant and let the point (1, 0) lie on it. Let the
tangent to  at a point P intersect the y-axis at YP. If PYp has length 1 for each point P on  . Then
which of the following options is/are correct? [Differential equation] [T] {[DE-VS]-T-305}

[JEE(Advanced) 2019, Paper-1,(4, –1)/62]

ekuk fd  ,d oØ y = f(x) gS tks izFke prqFkkZ'k (first quadrant) esa gS vksj ekuk fd fcUnq (1, 0) ml ij fLFkr gSA
ekuk fd  ds fcUnq P ij [khaph x;h Li'kZ js[kk (tangent) y-v{k dks YP. ij izfrPNsn (intersect) djrh gSA ;fn
 ds izR;sd fcUnq P ds fy, PYp dh yEckbZ 1 gS] rc fuEu esa ls dkSu lk (ls) dFku lgh gS (gS) ?

 1 1 x2 
(A) y = –n  + 1 x 2
 x 
 

(B) xy' + 1 x 2 = 0

(C) xy' – 1 x 2 = 0

 1 1 x2 
(D) y = n  – 1 x 2
 x 
 

Ans. (BD)

Sol. (a, f(a))  r

f'(x) be differentiation of f(x) equation of tangent

f'(x), f(x) dk vody gSA Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k]

(y – f(a)) = f'(a)(x – a)

put x = 0 j[kus ij

y – f(a) = –af'(a)

y = f(a) – af'(a)

yp = (0, f(a) – af'(a))

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ADVDE - 16
Differential Equation

pyp = a 2  (af ' (a)) 2  1

a2 + a2 (f'(a))2 = 1

1 a 2
(f'(a))2 =
a2

1 x2
 ( f ' ( x ))    x2

put 1  x 2  t j[kus ij

 1 1 t   2   
 t 2 dt  t  1 n (1  t )  + c = ±  1  x 2  n 1  1  x
2
 +c
 y=±  1 t 2
= ±  t  n
 2 1 t
 + c = ±


 2 1  t 2   x 
 

 Put x = 1 and vkSj y = 0 j[kus ij  c = 0

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u


1. Solution of the differential equation cosx dy = y(sinx – y) dx, 0 < x < is [AIEEE 2010 (4, –1), 144]
2

vody lehdj.k cosx dy = y(sinx – y) dx, 0 < x < dk gy gS&
2
(1) y sec x = tan x + c (2) y tan x = sec x + c (3) tanx = (sec x + c)y (4*) secx = (tanx + c) y
Ans. (4)
Sol. cos x dy – y sin x dx = – y2 dx
cos x dy + y d(cos x) = – y2 dx
d(y cos x) dx
=–
2 2
y cos x cos2 x
1
– = – tan x + c
y cos x
– sec x = y (– tan x + c)
sec x = y(tan x + k)
Hence correct option is (4)
vr% lgh fodYi (4) gSA

2. Let  be the purchase value of an equipment and V(t) be the value after it has been used for t years.
dV(t)
The value V(t) depreciates at a rate given by differential equation = – k(T – t), where k > 0 is a
dt
constant and T is the total life in years of the equipment. Then the scrap value V(T) of the equipment is
:
[AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]

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ADVDE - 17
Differential Equation

;fn fdlh midj.k dk Ø; ewY;  gS rFkk t o"kZ ds mi;ksx ds i'pkr mldk ewY; V(t) gS] rks V(t) ds voewY;u dh
dV(t)
nj vody lehdj.k = – k(T – t) }kjk iznÙk gS] tgk¡ k > 0 ,d vpj gS rFkk midj.k dk dqy thou dky
dt
T o"kZ gSA rks V(T) ds dckM+ (scrap) dk ewY; gS % [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
1 kT 2 k(T  t)2
(1) T2 – (2*)  – (3)  – (4) e–kT
k 2 2
Sol. (2)
dv(t)
= k(T – t)
dt

 dv(t)   (–kT)dt  ktdt

t2
V(t) = – kTt + k +c
2
at t = 0 C = I
kt 2
V(T) = – kTt + +I
2
Now at t =T
T2
V(T) = – k T 2 + k +I
2
1
V(T) = I – kT2 Ans.
2

dy
3. If = y + 3 > 0 and y(0) = 2, then y( n2) is equal to : [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
dx
dy
;fn = y + 3 > 0 rFkk y(0) = 2 gS , rks y(n2) cjkcj gS : [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
dx
(1*) 7 (2) 5 (3) 13 (4) –2
Sol. (1)
dy
=y+3
dx
dy
= dx
y3
n(y+3) = x + c
given at x = 0 , y = 2
x = 0 ij y = 2 fn;k gS
n5 = c
 n(y+3) = x + n5
y3
n  = x
 5 
y + 3 = 5ex
y = 5ex – 3
 y(n2) = 5en2 – 3 = 7 Ans.

4. The curve that passes through the point (2, 3), and has the property that the segment of any tangent to
it lying between the coordinate axes is bisected by the point of contact is given by : [AIEEE 2011,
II, (4, –1), 120]
og oØ] tks fcUnq (2, 3) ls gksdj tkrk gS rFkk ftldk xq.k/keZ gS] ml ij [khaph x;h Li'kZ js[kk dk ;g [kaM tks
funsZ'kkad v{kksa ds chp fLFkr gS] Li'kZ fcUnq ij lef}Hkkftr gksrk gS] dk lehdj.k gS % [AIEEE 2011, II, (4, –1),
120]
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ADVDE - 18
Differential Equation

2 2
6 x y
(1) 2y – 3x = 0 (2*) y = (3) x2 + y2 = 13 (4)   +   =2
x  
2 3
Sol. (2)
dy
Y-y= (X – x)
dx
 y 
X-intercept is v{k ij izfrPNsn fcUnq  x – , 0

dy / dx 

ij izfrPNsn fcUnq  0, y –
xdy 
Y- intercept is v{k
 dx 
According to statment dFkukuqlkj
y xdy
x– = 2x and rFkk y – = 2y
dy / dx dx
–y –xdy
=x =y
dy dx
dx
dx dy
+ =0
x y
ny  – nx  nc
c
y=  c=6
x
6
Hence vr% y =
x
 1
5. Consider the differential equation y2dx +  x   dy = 0 . If y (1) = 1, then x is given by :
 y
[AIEEE 2011, II, (4, –1), 120] (Revision Planner)
 1
vody lehdj.k y2dx +  x   dy = 0 ij fopkj dhft,A ;fn y (1) = 1 gS, rks x dk eku gS %
 y
1 1 1 1

2 ey 1 ey 1 ey 1 ey
(1) 4 – – (2) 3 – + (3*) 1 + – (4) 1– +
y e y e y e y e
Sol. (3)
dx x 1
 
dy y 2 y3
1
 y2 dy
1
–
y
I.F. = e = e
1 1
– 1 –

y
y y
sovr% x. e = 3
e dy

–1
Letekuk =t
y

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ADVDE - 19
Differential Equation

1
 dy = dt
y2
1 1
– 1 –y
 I=–  tet dt = et – tet = e  e c
y
y
1 1 1
– – 1 –y
 xe y
e y
 e c
y
1
 x=1+ + c.e1/y
y

sincepawfd y (1) = 1
1
 c=–
e
1 1 1/y
 x=1+ – .e
y e

6. The population p(t) at time t of a certain mouse species satisfies the differential equation [AIEEE-2012,
(4, –1)/120]
dp(t)
= 0.5 p(t) – 450. If p(0) = 850, then the time at which the population becomes zero is :
dt

dp(t)
pwgksa dh ,d iztkfr dh fdlh le; t ij tula[;k p(t) vody lehdj.k = 0.5 p(t) – 450 dks larq"V djrh
dt
gSA ;fn p(0) = 850 gS] rks og le; tc ;g 'kwU; gks xbZ gS&
1
(1*) 2 n 18 (2) n 9 (3) n 18 (4) n 18
2
Sol. Ans. (1)
dp(t)
2 = – dt
900 – p(t)
– 2n (900 – p(t)) = – t + c
when t = 0, p(0) = 850
 50 
– 2n(50) = c  2n   =–t
 900 – p(t) 
900 – p(t) = 50 et/2
p(t) = 900 – 50 et/2
let p(t1) = 0
t1
0 = 900 – 50 e 2  t1 = 2n 18

7. At present, a firm is manufacturing 2000 items. It is estimated that the rate of change of production P
dP
w.r.t. additional number of workers x is given by = 100 – 12 x . If the firm employs 25 more
dx
workers, then the new level of production of items is (Revision Planner) [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –
1),360]
orZeku esa ,d QeZ 2000 ux cuk jgh gSA ;g vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd vfrfjDr dkexkjksa dh la[;k x ds lkis{k
dP
mRiknu P ds ifjorZu dh nj = 100 – 12 x }kjk iznÙk gSA ;fn QeZ 25 dkexkj vf/kd yxkrh gS] rks uxksa ds
dx
mRiknu dk u;k Lrj gS& [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),360]
(1) 2500 (2) 3000 (3*) 3500 (4) 4500
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ADVDE - 20
Differential Equation

Sol. (3)
dP = (100 – 12 x )dx
By integrating

 dP   100 – 12 x  dx
P = 100x – 8x3/2 + C
When x = 0 then P = 2000
 C = 2000
Now when x = 25 then P is
P = 100 × 25 – 8 × (25)3/2 + 2000
= 2500 – 8 × 125 + 2000
= 4500 – 1000
 P = 3500
Hindi. (3)
dP = (100 – 12 x )dx
lekdyu djus ij
 dP   100 – 12 x  dx
P = 100x – 8x3/2 + C
tc x = 0 rc P = 2000
 C = 2000
vc tc x = 25 rc P gS
P = 100 × 25 – 8 × (25)3/2 + 2000
= 2500 – 8 × 125 + 2000
= 4500 – 1000
 P = 3500
dp(t) 1
8. Let the population of rabbits surviving at a time t be governed by the differential equation =
dt 2
p(t) – 200 . If p(0) = 100, then p(t) equals : [Differential Equation] [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1),
120]
dp(t) 1
ekuk fdlh le; t ij thfor [kjxks'kksa dh tula[;k vody lehdj.k = p(t) – 200 }kjk fu;af=kr gSA
dt 2
;fn p(0) = 100 gS] rks p(t) cjkcj gS : [Differential Equation] [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 600 – 500 et/2 (2) 400 – 300 e–t/2 (3*) 400 – 300 et/2 (4) 300 – 200 e– t/2

Sol. Ans. (3)

1
p(t) = p(t) – 200
2
1
p(t) – p(t) = –200
2
1
 t
I. F = e 2
Hence solutions is vr% gy gS
1 1
 t  t
p(t) e 2 =  200e t / 2 dt = 400 e 2 +C
or ;k p(t) = 400 + Cet/2
pw¡fd Since p(0) = 100
 100 = 400 + C  C = – 300
Thus vr% p(t) = 400 – 300 et/2.

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ADVDE - 21
Differential Equation

dy
9. Let y(x) be the solution of the differential equal (x log x) + y = 2x log x, (x  1). Then y(e) is equal
dx
to
[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) e (2) 0 (3) 2 (4) 2e
[Differential equation]
dy
ekuk vody lehdj.k (x log x) + y = 2x log x, (x  1) dk gy y(x) gS] rks y(e) cjkcj gS&
dx
[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) e (2) 0 (3) 2 (4) 2e
Ans. (3)
dy y
Sol.  =2 at x = 1 ; y = 0
dx xlog x
1
I.F. =  x log xdx = elog(logx) = logx
e
y(logx) =  2(log x)dx
y(logx) = 2[xlogx – x] + c
at x = 1, c = 2
x=e
y = 2(e – e) + 2
y=2
 y 
 y y2  2 1
 2  x  1
log  1   2  x  2 3 tan  k
 x x
   3 

 
 2y  x 
log x2  xy  y2  2 3 tan1  k
 3x 
;k
oØksa ds fudk; dk lehdj.k gS (x –h) + (y–k) = r 2 2 2

h vkSj k izkpy gSA

x ds lkis{k vodyu ij
dy
2(x–h) + 2(y–k) 0
dx
dy
(x – h) + (y – k) =0 ........(1)
dx
iqu% vodyu djus ij
2
d2 y  dy 
1 + (y – k) 2
+  =0 .......(2)
dx  dx 
  dy  
2
 1  
  dx  
y–k = –  .......(3)
d2 y
 
 dx 2 
 
(y – k) dk eku j[kus ij
  dy 2   dy 
1     
  dx    dx 
(x – h) =
d2 y
dx 2

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ADVDE - 22
Differential Equation

(y – k) vkSj (x – h) dk eku j[kus ij

2
  dy 2   dy 2  2 
2
1        dy 
  dx    dx   1   dx  
  +    
 r
2

 
2 2
2 2 d y
d y / dx  
 dx 2 
 
3
2
  dy 2   2 
2 d y
1    r 
  dx    dx 2 
   
vHkh"V vody lehdj.k gSA

10. If a curve y = f(x) passes through the point (1, –1) and satisfies the differential equation,
 1
y(1 + xy) dx = xdy, then f–  is equal to [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]
 2

;fn ,d oØ y = f(x) fcUnq (1, –1) ls gksdj tkrk gS rFkk vody lehdj.k y(1 + xy) dx = xdy dks larq”V djrk gS]
 1
rks f  –  cjkcj gS&
 2
4 2 4 2
(1) – (2) (3) (4) –
5 5 5 5
Ans. (3)
Sol. y(1 + xy) dx = xdy
ydx – xdy + xy2dx = 0
x
y2d  y  + xy2dx = 0
 
x x2
 C
y 2 …(i)
(1, –1) satisfies ¼larq”V djrk gS½
–1 + 1
= CC= 
1
2 2
Put in (i) x =
1
(i) esa j[kus ij x = 
2
1 1

1 1 1
y
2 4
2
= 
1
 2y
 
2 8
2
1 5

2y 8

y=4
5
dy 
11. If (2 + sin x) + (y + 1) cos x = 0 and y(0) = 1, then y  2  is equal to :
dx  

[JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]

dy 
;fn (2 + sin x) dx
+ (y + 1) cos x = 0 rFkk y(0) = 1 gS, rks y  
2
cjkcj gS :
[JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]
1 2 1 4
(1) (2) – (3) – (4)
3 3 3 3
Ans. (1)
dy (y  1)cos x
Sol. 
dx 2  sin x
dy cos x
 y  1   2  sin x dx
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ADVDE - 23
Differential Equation

n(y + 1) = –n(2 + sinx) + c

(y + 1)(2 + sinx) = A ; for x = 0, ds fy, y = 1  A = 4
 (y + 1)(2 + sinx) = 4

for x= ds fy,  y = 31
2

12. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation

dy  
sinx + y cosx = 4x, x  (0,). If y   = 0, then y   is equal to [JEE(Main) 2018, (4, – 1),
dx  
2 6
120] Deff. Equa
dy 
ekuk vody lehdj.k sinx + y cosx = 4x, x  (0,) dk y = y(x) ,d gy gSA ;fn y   = 0 gS] rks
dx 2

y   cjkcj gS %
6

8 4 2 4 –8
(1*) – 2 (2) –  (3) 2 (4) 2
9 9 9 3 9 3
Sol. (1)

dy
+ cotx y = 4x cosecx
dx

I.F. = e  cot xdx = sinx

y (sinx) =  4x cosecx.sin xdx  C

y sinx = 2x2 + C


y  =0
2

2
C=
2

2
y sinx = 2x2 –
2

  2 2  2  2 
1 1 8 2
so ¼blfy,½ y   = 2  –  = 2 –
 18 2  = –
6  36 2    9

13. Let f : [0, 1]  R be such that f(xy) = f(x).f(y), for all x, y  [0, 1], and f(0)  0. if y = y(x) satisfies the
dy  1 3
differential equation, = f(x) with y(0) = 1, then y    y  is equal to :
dx 4 4

[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]

ekuk f : [0, 1]  R bl izdkj gS fd lHkh x, y  [0, 1] ds fy, f(xy) = f(x).f(y) gS rFkk f(0)  0 gSA ;fn y = y(x)
dy  1 3
vody lehdj.k = f(x) dks larq"V djrk gS vkSj y(0) = 1 gS] rks y    y  cjkcj gS&
dx  
4 4
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ADVDE - 24
Differential Equation

(1) 5 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

Differential equation XII M

Ans. (3)

Sol. f(xy) = f(x).f(y)  x, y  [0, 1] put x = y = 0  f(0) = 1 Now put y = 0  f(x) = f(0) = 1 x [0, 1]

dy
Now = 1  y = x + c as y(0) = 1  c = 1 so y = x + 1
dx

 3  1  3   1 
Hence y   y     1    1  3
4 4 4  4 

Hindi. f(xy) = f(x).f(y)  x, y  [0, 1] x = y = 0 j[kus ij

 f(0) = 1 vc y = 0 j[kus ij  f(x) = f(0) = 1 x [0, 1]

dy
vc = 1  y = x + c as y(0) = 1  c = 1 blfy, y = x + 1
dx

 3  1  3   1 
vc y   y     1    1  3
4 4 4  4 

14. The curve amongst the family of curves represented by the differential equation, (x 2 – y2)dx + 2xy dy= 0
which passes through (1, 1), is :

(1) a circle with centre on the x-axis.

(2) a hyperbola with transverse axis along the x-axis

(3) an ellipse with major axis along the y-axis.

(4) a circle with centre on the y-axis

vody lehdj.k (x2 – y2)dx + 2xy dy= 0 }kjk fu:fir oØksa ds dqy (family) dk og oØ tks (1, 1) ls gksdj tkrk
gS] gS:

(1) ,d o`Ùk ftldk dsanz x-v{k ij gSA

(2) ,d vfrijoy; ftldk vuqizLFk x-v{k dh fn'kk esa gSA

(3) ,d nh?kZo`Ùk ftldk nh?kZ v{k y- v{k dh fn'kk esa gSA

(4) ,d o`Ùk ftldk dsanz y-v{k ij gSA

[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]

Ans. (1)

Sol. x2dx – y2dx + 2xy dy = 0

x2 dx = y2dx – 2x ydy

 y2 
 – dx = d  
 x 

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ADVDE - 25
Differential Equation

y2
–x= +C
x

 x2 + y2 + Cx = 0

 It passes through (1,1) hence C = – 2

 ;g fcUnq (1,1) ls xqtjrk gS rc C = – 2, gksxk

x2 + y2 – 2x = 0

dy  2x  1  1
15. If y(x) is the solution of the differential equation +   y = e–2x, x > 0, where y(1) = e–2, then
dx  x  2

loge 2
(1) y(loge 2) = loge4 (2) y(loge 2) =
4

1 
(3) y(x) is decreasing in  ,1 (4) y(x) is decreasing in (0, 1)
2 

dy  2x  1  1 –2
;fn vody lehdj.k +   y = e–2x, x > 0 dk gy y(x) gS] tgk¡ y(1) = e , rks :
dx  x  2

loge 2
(1) y(loge 2) = loge4 (2) y(loge 2) =
4

1 
(3)  ,1 esa y(x) ákleku gSA (4) (0, 1) esa y(x) ákleku gSA
2 

[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (11-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]

Ans. (3 )

dy  1
Sol. +  2   y = e–2x
dx  x

 1
  2 dx
I.F. = e  x
= e2x  n(x) = xe2x

x2 1 1 1
solution is gy y(xe2x) =  C , y(1) = 2
, 2
 1e2 =  C  C = 0
2 2e 2e 2

xe –2x
hence vr% y =
2

dy e –2x x 2e –2x (–2) 1  1

= + = e–2x  2 – x < 0  x > 2
dx 2 2  

1 
hence y(x) is deceasing is  ,1
2 

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ADVDE - 26
Differential Equation

vr% y(x) ákleku Qyu  ,1

1
2 

 1
16. Consider the differential equation, y2dx +  x –  dy = 0. If value of y is 1 when x = 1 , then the value of
 y
x for which y = 2, is :

 1
vody lehdj.k y2dx +  x –  dy = 0 ij fopkj dhft,A ;fn x = 1 ij y dk eku 1 gS] rks x dk eku] ftlds
 y
fy, y = 2 gS] gS&

3 1 1 1 3 5 1
(1) – (2)  (3)  e (4) 
2 e 2 e 2 2 e

Ans. (1) [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (12-04-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120] [Differential Equation]

 1 dx x 1
Sol. y2 dx +  x   dy = 0   
 y dy y 2 y3

1

y
Integrating factor (I.F.) = e
1 1
  1 1
Now x. e y
= e y
dy Put – =t
y3 y

x.et =  et (  t)dt

 1
1 1 1
  1
 x. et = –(t.et – et) + c  x. e  1   + c  x = 1 + + c. e
y y y
= e
 y  y

it passes through point (1,1)

1
c= 
e

Equation of curve is
1
1 1
x=1+ – ey
y

it passes through (k, 2)

1
1  3 1
 k = 1 e 2  
2 2 e

dy   
17. If cosx – ysinx = 6x, (0 < x < ) and y    0 , then y  is equal to :
dx 2 3 6

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ADVDE - 27
Differential Equation

dy   
;fn cosx – ysinx = 6x, (0 < x < ) rFkk y    0 gS] rks y  cjkcj gS&
dx 2 3 6

2 2 2 2
(1) (2) – (3)  (4) 
2 3 2 4 3 2 3

Ans. (4) [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-04-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120] [Differential Equation]

dy
Sol. – y tanx = 6xsecx,
dx

Linear Diffraction equation in 'y'

I.F. = e
tan xdx
 e– n(sec x)
 cos x

y (I.F.) =  Q.(I.F.)dx
y (cosx) =  6x dx

y.cosx = 3x2 + c y  = 0
3

 2  2
0=3 
 9   c c=
  3

2
y cosx = 3x2 – 
3


when x =
6

3 2 2
y = 3. 
2 36 3

3 2
y 
2 4

2
y=
2 3

18. The general solution of the differential equation (y2 –x3) dx – xydy = 0 (x 0) is :

(where c is a constant of integration)

vody lehdj.k (y2 –x3) dx – xydy = 0 (x 0) dk O;kid gy gS %

(tgk¡ c ,d lekdyu vpj gS)
(1) y2 + 2x2 + cx3 = 0 (2) y2 – 2x2 + cx3 = 0

(3) y2 – 2x3 + cx2 =0 (4) y2 + 2x3 + cx2 = 0

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ADVDE - 28
Differential Equation

Ans. (4) [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (12-04-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120] [Differential Equation]
y  ydx – xdy 
Sol. (y2 – x3)dx – xydy = 0  y(ydx – xdy) = x3dx    = dx
x  x2 

2
y y 1 y
– d   = dx  –   = x + k  – y2 = 2x3 + 2x2k  y2 + 2x3 + cx2 = 0
x x 2 x

 dy 
19. Let y = f(x) is the solution of the differential equation e y   1  e x such that y(0) = 0, then y(1) is
 dx 
equal to: [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (07-01-20),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]

 dy 
;fn vodyu lehdj.k] e y   1  e x tcfd y(0) = 0, dk gy y = f(x) gS] rks y(1) cjkcj gS :
 dx 

(1) 2e (2) 1 + loge 2 (3) loge 2 (4) 2 + loge 2

Ans. (2)

Sol. ey = t

dy dt
ey =
dx dx

dt
– t = ex
dx

IF = e 
1.dx
= e–x

 e .e
x x
t(e–x) = dx

ey–x = x + c

Put x = 0, y = 0 j[kus ij then c = 1

ey–x = x + 1

y = x + n(x + 1)

at x = 1 j[kus ij, y = 1 + n(2)

20. The differential equation of the family of curves , x2 = 4b(y + b) , b  R , is

oØksa x2 = 4b(y + b) , b  R ds dqy dk vody lehdj.k gS &

(1) x(y')2 = x – 2yy' (2) xy'' = y' (3) x(y')2 = x + 2yy' (4) x(y')2 = 2yy' – x

Ans. (3) [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (08-01-20),P-2 (4, –1), 120]

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ADVDE - 29
Differential Equation

x
Sol. 2x = 4by'  b
2y '

2
2x x
So. differential equation is x  ' . y   ' 
2
y y 

2 2
x
   x   2y
2x dy dy
vr% vody lehdj.k x 2  . y   ' 
x
y '
y   
dx dx

21. If for x  0, y = y(x) is the solution of the differential equation,

(x + 1)dy = {(x + 1)2 + y – 3}dx, y(2) = 0, then y(3) is equal to :

;fn x  0 ds fy, y = y(x), vody lehdj.k

(x + 1)dy = {(x + 1)2 + y – 3}dx, y(2) = 0, dk gy gS] rks y(3) dk eku gS

Ans. (3) [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (09-01-20),P-1 (4, 0), 120]

 y 3
 1  x   
dy
Sol. 
dx  1 x 

y  1  x  
dy 1 3

dx 1  x  1  x 
1

 dx d  y 
I.F. = e 1 x 
1 3
     1
1  x  dx  1  x  1  x 2

 x  31  x  + c
y 1
1 x

 3 
y = (1+x)  x   c
 1  x  
 at x = 2, y = 0 0 = 3 (2+1+c) c = –3 at x = 3 , y=3

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ADVDE - 30
Differential Equation

dy cos x
1. Solve the differential equation = (sinx – siny)
dx cos y
dy cos x
vody lehdj.k = (sinx – siny) dks gy dhft,A
dx cos y

Ans. siny = sinx – 1 + c e–sinx

dy
Sol. cosy = sinx cosx – siny cosx
dx
dy
cosy + cosx.siny = sinxcosx
dx
dy dt
let ekuk siny = t  cosy = =
dx dx
dt
+ t cosx = sinxcosx
dx

I.F. = e
cos xdx
= esinx
 solution is gy gS t.esinx =  sin x cos xe sin x  dx
siny.esinx = sinx.esinx – esinx + c
siny = sinx – 1 + ce –sinx

dy
2. Solve : (1 + xy) y + (1 – xy) x =0
dx
dy
(1 + xy) y + (1 – xy) x = 0 dks gy dhft,A
dx

x 1
Ans. n – =c
y xy
 ydx  xdy 
Sol. ydx + xdy + xy3   =0
 y2 
d  xy  y x
2 2
+ d  = 0
x y x y
1 x
– + n   = c
xy y

dy
3. Use the substitution y2 = a – x to reduce the equation y3  x  y2  0 to homogeneous form and
dx
hence solve it. (where ‘a’ is variable)
dy
izfrLFkkiu y2 = a – x dk mi;ksx djds lehdj.k y3  x  y2  0 dks le?kkr :i cukdj bls gy dhft,A
dx
(tgk¡ a pj gS )
1 a
Ans. n | x 2  a2 |  tan1    c where tgk¡ , a = x + y2
2 x
Sol. y =a–x
2

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ADVDE - 1
Differential Equation

dy da
2y = = –1
dx dx
(a – x)  da 
Now (vc)  – 1  a  0
2  dx 
da
 (a – x) – a  x  2a  0
dx
 ada – xda + xdx + adx = 0
(ada  xdx) (adx – xda)
  0
a2  x 2 a2  x 2
 xda – adx 
1 d(a2  x 2 )  x2

 0
 –
2 a2  x 2 a2
1 2
x
On integrating (lekdyu djus ij)
1 a
 n | x 2  a2 |  tan1    c , where (tgk¡) a = x + y2
2 x

dy
4. Solve :  y n2  2 sin x
(cos x  1) n2 , y being bounded when x   .
dx
dy
 y n2  2 sin x (cos x  1) n2 , tc x   , y ifjc) gS] dks gy dhft,A
dx
Ans. y = 2sinx
dy
Sol. – y n2 = 2sinx (cosx – 1) n2
dx

R= e 
 n2 dx
 R = e x n2  R = 2–x

2
x
y 2–x = 2sin x (cosx – 1) n2 dx
put sin x – x = t j[kus ij  (cos x – 1) dx = dt

and then solve integration rFkk lekdyu gy djus ij

dy  2x  1
5. Solve :  y  given that y = 0, when x = 1.
dx  1  x2
 
2
 1  x2
dy  2x  1
 y  fn;k x;k gS fd tc x = 1 rc y = 0 dks gy dhft,A
dx  1  x2
 
2
 1  x2

Ans. y(1 + x2) = tan–1x –
4
Sol. Linear Diff. equation jSf[kd vody lehdj.k
2x
 2 dx  R = 1 + x2
R = e 1 x
1
 y(1 + x2)  1 x 2
= dx

 y(1 + x2) = tan–1x + c

6. Solve the differential equation, (x2 + 4y2 + 4xy) dy = (2x + 4y + 1) dx.

vody lehdj.k (x2 + 4y2 + 4xy) dy = (2x + 4y + 1) dx dks gy dhft,A
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ADVDE - 2
Differential Equation


Ans. y  n  x  2y   4  x  2y   2 
2
 3  x  2y  2  2 
n c
2 2  x  2y  2  2 
dy
Sol. (x + 2y)2 = (2 (x + 2y) + 1) dx
dx
dy dt
put x + 2y = t j[kus ij  1 + 2 =
dx dx
 dt 
t2   1 = 2 (2t + 1)
 dx 
dt
t2 = t2 + 4t + 2
dx
t 2 dt
= dx (variable separable pj i`Fkd~dj.k)
t 2  4t  2

7. Solve the following differential equations.

fuEufyf[kr vody lehdj.kks a dks gy dhft, &
dy 2y x3 dy
(i) 3 + = 2 (ii) x2 y  x3 = y 4 cos x
dx x 1 y dx

x6 2 5 1 4
Ans. (i) y 3 (x + 1) 2 = + x + x + c
6 5 4

(ii) x 3 y  3 = 3sin x + c
3dy 2y x3
Sol. (i) + = 2
dx x 1 y
3y 2 dy 2y 3
 + = x3
dx x 1
let y3 = t ekuk y3 = t
3y 2 dy dt
 =
dx dx
dt 2t
 + = x3
dx x 1
2 2
 dx  dx
I.F. = e x 1 dx = e2n(1 + x) = (1 + x)2 lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e x 1 dx = e2n(1 + x) = (1 + x)2
d
 ((x + 1)2 t) = x3 (x + 1)2
dx
x6 x4 2x 5
 t(x + 1)2 =  x (x  1) dx =  x  x3  2x 4 dx =
3 2 5
+ + +c
6 4 5
x 2 dy
(ii) x2y – = y 4 cosx
dx
–1 dy x2 cos x 1 dy x2 – cos x
 4 dx
 3 3  3  4 dx
– 3 3 
y x y x y x y x3
–1 1 dy 1 dt –1 1 dy 1 dt
put 3
= t   = t j[kus ij 
y y 4 dx 3 dx y 3
y 4 dx 3 dx
1 dt t – cos x dt 3t – 3 cos x
    + =
3 dx x x3 dx x x3

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ADVDE - 3
 Differential Equation

3 3
 dx
nx3  dx
nx3
I.F. = e x = e = x3 lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e x = e = x3

d –3cos x

dx
(t x 3 ) =
x3
× x3  
tx 3 = – 3 cos x dx

 tx 3 = – 3 sinx + c

dy
8. Find the integral curve of the differential equation x(1 – xny) + y = 0 which passes through (1,
dx
1/e).
dy
vody lehdj.k x(1 – xny) + y = 0 dk lekdy oØ Kkr dhft, tks (1, 1/e) ls xqtjrk gSA
dx
Ans. x(ey + ny + 1) = 1
dy
Sol. x(1 – x ny) +y=0
dx
dy y 1 dy 1
=  =
dx (x n y – 1) x y dx (x ny – 1) x
1 dy dt
Let ekuk ny = t  =
y dx dx
dt 1 dx
=  = x2t – x 
dx (xt – 1) x dt
1 dx 1
   =t
x 2 dt x
–1 1 dx dp dp
=P  =  –P=t
x x 2 dt dt dt
on solving gy djus ij x(ey + ny + 1) = 1

9. Solve the following differential equations.

fuEufyf[kr vody lehdj.kks a dks gy dhft, &
dy
(i) (x² + y² + a²) y + x (x² + y²  a²) = 0
dx
(ii) (1 + tany) (dx  dy) + 2x dy = 0
Ans. (i) (x² + y²)² + 2a² (y²  x²) = c
(ii) x e y (cosy + siny) = e y siny + C
dy
Sol. (i) (x² + y² + a²) y + x (x² + y²  a²) = 0
dx
(x 2 + y 2 + a 2 ) y dy + x(x 2 + y 2 – a 2 ) dx = 0
x 2 ydy + x y 2 dx + y 3 dy + a 2 ydy + x 3 dx – a 2 x dx = 0
 x2 y2 
d + y 3 dy + a 2 ydy + x 3 dx – a 2 xdx = 0
 2 
 
x2 y2 y 4 a2 y2 x 4 a2 x2
   – +c=0
2 4 2 4 2
(ii) (1 + tan y) (dx – dy) + 2x dy = 0
dx
 (1 + tan y) – (1 + tany) + 2x = 0
dy
dx 2x
 + –1=0
dy 1  tan y

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ADVDE - 4
Differential Equation

2 2cos y (cos x  sin y)(cos y sin y)

 1 tan y dy  sin y cos y dy  sin y cos y
dy
I.F. = e = e =e
2 2 cos y (cos x sin y) (cos y sin y)
 1 tan y
dy  sin y cos y dy  sin y cos y
dy
lekdy xq.kkad (.F.) = e =e = e
cos y sin y
 1
cos y  sin y
dy
= e = ey en(cos y + sin y)
= e (cos y + sin y)
y

dx y 2x cos y
Now vc e (cosy + sin y) + .ey(cos y + sin y) – ey(cos y + sin y) = 0
dy cos y  sin y
  d(xe (cos y  sin y) –  e (cos y  sin y)dy = 0
y y

 xe (cos y + sin y) – e sin y   e sin y dy   e sin y dy  = 0

y y y y
 
 xey (cos y + sin y) = ey sin y + c

dy
10. If y 1 & y 2 be solutions of the differential equation + Py = Q, where P & Q are
dx
  yQ1 dx
functions of x alone, and y 2 = y 1 z, then prove that z = 1 + ae ,'a' being an
arbitrary constant.
dy
;fn vody lehdj.k + Py = Q, tgk¡ P ,ao Q dsoy x ds Qyu gS] ds nks gy y 1 ,oa y 2 gS rFkk y 2 = y 1 z
dx
  yQ1 dx
gks] rks fl) dhft, fd z = 1 + ae , tgk¡ a LosPN vpj gSA
dy dy
Sol. + Py = Q and y2 = y1z + Py = Q vkSj y2 = y1z
dx dx
dy 2
+ Py2 = Q ...(1)
dx
d(y1z) d y1 dz
 + Py1z = Q  z + y1 + Py1z = Q
dx dx dx
 dy  dz dz
z  1  Py1  + y1 =Q  y1(x) = Q(1 – z)
 dx  dx dx
dz Q(1  z)
=
dx y1(x)
1 Q(x) Q
  1  z dz =  y (x) dx 1
 n(1 – z) = –  y dx +c

Q Q
  y dx   y dx
1–z= e +c  1 – z = ke
Q
  dx
 z = 1 – ke y
Let (a = –k) ekuk a = –k
Q
 
dx
 z = 1 + ae y

11. Let y 1 and y 2 are two different solutions of the equation y  + P(x) . y = Q(x).
Prove that y = y 1 + C(y 2 – y 1 ) is the general solution of the same equation (C is a
constant)
ekuk y 1 rFkk y 2 lehdj.k y + P(x) . y = Q(x) ds nks fHkUu&fHkUu gy gS ] rc fl) dhft, fd
y = y 1 + C(y 2 – y 1 ) nh xbZ lehdj.k dk O;kid gy gS A ¼tgk¡ c ,d vpj gS A ½
Sol. y + P(x).y = Q(x)
y1 & y2 are two solution of above equation so

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ADVDE - 5
Differential Equation

y1 + P(x) y1 = Q(x) ...(1)

y2 + P(x) y2 = Q(x) ...(2)
Now if y = y1 + C(y2 – y1) is a solution of diff. equation then
d
(y + c(y2 – y1)) + P(x) (y1 + c(y2 – y1)) = Q(x)
dx 1
 y1 + c(y2 – y1 ) + P(x) (y1 + c(y2 – y1)) = Q(x) ...(3)
from equation (1) & (2)
(y2 – y1 ) = P(x) (y1 – y2)
Now from equation (3)
 y1 + P(x) c(y1 – y2) + P(x)y1 + P(x) C(y2 – y1) = Q(x)
 y1 + P(x)y1 = Q(x) which is true by equation (1)
so y = y1 + c(y2 – y1) is a general solution of given diff. equation
Hindi. y + P(x).y = Q(x)
mijks D r lehdj.k ds nks gy y1 ,oa y2 gS vr%
y1 + P(x) y1 = Q(x) ...(1)
y2 + P(x) y2 = Q(x) ...(2)
vc ;fn vody lehdj.k dk gy y = y1 + C(y2 – y1) gks ] rks
d
(y + c(y2 – y1)) + P(x) (y1 + c(y2 – y1)) = Q(x)
dx 1
 y1 + c(y2 – y1 ) + P(x) (y1 + c(y2 – y1)) = Q(x) ...(3)
lehdj.k (1) ,oa (2) ls
(y2 – y1 ) = P(x) (y1 – y2)
vc lehdj.k (3) ls
 y1 + P(x) c(y1 – y2) + P(x)y1 + P(x) C(y2 – y1) = Q(x)
 y1 + P(x)y1 = Q(x) tks fd lehdj.k (1) ls lR; gS A
vr% nh xbZ vody lehdj.k dk O;kid gy y = y1 + c(y2 – y1) gS A

12. Find the equation of the curve which passes through the origin and the tangent to which at every point
x 4  2xy  1
(x, y) has slope equal to .
1  x2
x 4  2xy  1
oØ tks ewy fcUnq ls xqtjrk gS ,oa ftlds izR;sd fcUnq (x, y) ij Li'kZ js[kk dh izo.krk gks] dk
1  x2
lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. y = (x – 2tan–1 x) (1 + x2)
dy  2x 
Sol. – y = x2 – 1
dx  1  x 2 
1
R=
1  x2
y x2  1
1  x2
= x 2
1
dx

y  2 
1 x
= 1 
2 
 1  x2 
 dx

y
= x – 2 tan–1x + c
1  x2
casses through (ewyfcUnq ls tkrk gS) (0, 0) c = 0
y = 1 + x2 (x – 2 tan–1x)

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ADVDE - 6
Differential Equation

13. A curve y = f(x) passes through the point p (1, 1). The normal to the curve at P is; a (y – 1) + (x – 1) = 0.
If the slope of the tangent at any point on the curve is proportional to the ordinate of the point,
determine the equation of the curve. Also obtain the area bounded by the y-axis, the curve & the
normal to the curve at P.
,d oØ y = f(x) fcUnq p (1, 1) ls xqtjrk gSA oØ ds fcUnq P ij vfHkyEc a (y – 1) + (x – 1) = 0 gSS A oØ ds
fdlh fcUnq ij Li'kZ js[kk dh izo.krk fcUnq dh dksfV ds lekuqikrh gks] rks oØ dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A y-v{k] oØ
,oa oØ ds fcUnq P ij vfHkyEc ls ifjc) {ks=kQy Kkr dhft,A
1 1 
Ans. ea(x – 1),  a   ea  sq. unit oxZ bdkbZ
a 2 
dy dy
Sol. = Ky  = Kdx  ny = Kx + c
dx y
It passes throught (1, 1), so c = – k
ny = Kx – K
 y = eK(x – 1)
1
Equation of normal (y – 1) = – (x – 1)
K
K(y – 1) + (x – 1) = 0
So K = a
So curve is y = ea(x – 1)
dy dy
Hindi. = Ky  Kdx  ny = Kx + c
dx y
;g (1, 1) ls xqtjrk gS vr% c = – k
ny = Kx – K
 y = eK(x – 1)
1
vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k (y – 1) = – (x – 1)
K
K(y – 1) + (x – 1) = 0  K=a
vr% oØ y = ea(x – 1)

14. Consider a curved mirror y = f(x) passing through (8, 6) having the property that all rays emerging from
origin after getting reflected from the mirror becomes parallel to x - axis. Find the equation of curve (s)
ekuk fd ,d oØ niZ.k y = f(x) fcUnq (8, 6) ls xqtjrk gS ftldk xq.k/keZ gS fd ewy fcUnq ls vkifrr lHkh fdj.ksa
niZ.k ls ijkorZu ds ckn x - v{k ds lekUrj gks tkrh gSA oØ ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. y2 = 4(1 + x) or (;k) y2 = 36(9 – x)
Sol. PN is normal
Reflected ray is parallel to x-axis, therefore PNO =  or OP = ON
dx
Equation of normal  Y – y = – (X – x)
dy
P(x,y)
)
) >

y = f(x)
>

O
(x + y dy ,0)
dx
2
 dy 
x2 + y2 =  x  y
 dx 
2
 dy  dy
x2 + y2 = x2 + y2   +2xy dx
 dx 
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ADVDE - 7
Differential Equation

2
 dy  dy
y  +2x dx – y = 0
 dx 
dy 2x  4x 2  4y 2
= (Homogeneous D.E.)
dx 2y

hINDI. PN vfHkyEc gSA

ijkofrZr fdj.k x-v{k ds lekUrj gSA vr% PNO =  ;k OP = ON
dx
vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k  Y – y = – (X – x)
dy
P(x,y)
)
) >

y = f(x)
>

O
(x + y dy ,0)
dx
2
 dy 
x2 + y2 =  x  y
 dx 
2
 dy  dy
x2 + y2 = x2 + y2   +2xy dx
 dx 
2
 dy  dy
y  +2x –y=0
 dx  dx

dy 2x  4x 2  4y 2
= le?kkr vody lehdj.k
dx 2y

15. Find the curve for which sum of the lengths of the tangent and subtangent at any of its point is
proportional to the product of the co-ordinates of the point of tangency, the proportionality factor is
equal to k.

og oØ Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, oØ ds fdlh fcUnq ij Li'kZ js[kk ,oa v/kks% Li'kZ js[kk dh yEckb;ksa dk ;ksx Li'kZ
fcUnq ds funsZ'kkadksa ds xq.kuQy ds lekuqikrh gksrh gS] lekuqikrh xq.kkad k gSA
1
Ans. y=± n | c(k2x2 – 1) |
k
y
Sol. LST =
m
y y 1  m2
sin  =  LT =
LT m
LT + LST = kxy
y y
|   1  m2 +   | = kxy
 
m m

y y
 1  m2 = ± kxy –
m m

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ADVDE - 8
Differential Equation

(1  m2 ) y2 kxy 2
 y2 = k2 x2 y2 + ±2
m2 m2 m
kxy 2 2kxy 2 2kx
 y2 = k2x2y2 ± 2 ± = (k2 x2 – 1)y2  y = 0 or ;k m = ±
m m k x 1
2 2

2kx 1
  dy = ±  k x 2 2
1
dx  y = ± n(k2x2 – 1) + c
k
1
y=± n[(k2x2 – 1] + c
k

16. Find the curve y = f(x) where f(x)  0, f(0) = 0, bounding a curvilinear trapezoid with the base [0, x]
whose area is proportional to (n + 1)th power of f(x). It is known that f(1) = 1
oØ y = f(x) Kkr dhft,] tgk¡ f(x)  0, f(0) = 0 vkSj tks [0, x] vk/kkj okys ,d oØh; js[kkvksa ls cus prq"Qyd
ftldk {ks=kQy f(x) dh (n + 1) oha ?kkr ds lekuqikrh gS] dks ifjc) djrk gSA fn;k x;k gSa fd f(1) = 1.
Ans. y = x1/n
Sol. y = f(x) f(x)  0 f(0) = 0
x
 0
f(x)dx = K f(x)n + 1

f(x) = (n + 1) K f(x)n f(x)

dy
y1 – n = (n + 1) K
dx
yn
 
dx  (n  1) K yn–1 dy  x + c = (n + 1)k
n


x=0;y=0   c=0
n
x = 1, y = 1   k=
n 1
x = yn   y = (x)1/n

17. Find the nature of the curve for which the length of the normal at the point P is equal to the radius
vector of the point P.
oØ dh izd`fr Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, fcUnq P ij vfHkyEc dh yEckbZ] fcUnq P ij f=kT; lfn'k ds cjkcj gSA
Ans. Rectangular hyperbola or circle. vk;rh; vfrijoy; ;k o`Ùk
y
Sol. LN = = y 1  m2
1
1  m2
y 1  m2 = x2  y2
x2 x
m2 = 2
m=±
y y
2
y x2
(+) = + c  hyberbola vfrijoy;
2 2
y2 x2
(–) + = c  circle o`Ùk
2 2

18. A country has a food deficit of 10 %. Its population grows continuously at a rate of 3 %
per year. Its annual food production every year is 4 % more than that of the last year.
Assuming that the average food requirement per person remains constant, prove that the
country will become self sufficient in food after ' n ' years , where ' n ' is the smallest
n 10  n 9
integer bigger than or equal to, .
n (1.04)  0.03

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ADVDE - 9
Differential Equation

,d ns'k esa [kk|kUu dh 10% deh gSA bldh tula[;k izfr o"kZ 3% dh nj ls c<+rh gSA bldk okf"kZd [kk|kUu
mRiknu foxr o"kZ dh rqyuk esa izfro"kZ 4% T;knk gksrk gSA ;g ekurs gq, fd izfr O;fDr [kk|kUu dh vko';drk
fu;r gS] fl) dhft, fd n o"kksZa ds ckn ns'k [kk|kUu mRiknu esa vkRefuHkZj gks tk;sxk] tgk¡ n U;wure iw.kk±d gS tks
n 10  n 9
ls cM+k ;k cjkcj gSA
n (1.04)  0.03
Ans. 19
Sol. Food sufficienc y is said to be achieved after n years if food available for (n + 1) t h year is
equal to food requirement for (n + 1) t h year.
Let f n is food available for n t h year, then f n + 1 = f 1 (1.04) n
Let P 0 is the initial population.
dp
Let p be the population at any time t, the n = 0.03.p
dt
 p = p0 e0.03t
Let r n be the food requirement for the n t h year & k be the food requirement for one
person in one year
n 1
rn+1 = 
n
k . p0 e0.03t dt

e0.03(n1)  e0.03n
r n + 1 = kp 0
0.03
e0.03  1
 r 1 = kp 0 .
.03
f 1 = 0.9r 1
if food sufficienc y is achieved after n years then f n + 1  r n + 1
kp0 (e0.03(n1)  e.03n
f 1 . (1.04) n 
0.03
(e.03  1) kp0 (e.03(n1)  e.03n )
0.9.kp 0 . (1.04) n 
0.03 0.03
(.9) (e . 0 3 – 1) (1.04) n  e ( . 0 3 n ) (e 0 . 0 3 – 1)
n 0.9 + n n (1.04)  n (0.03)
n 10  n 9
 n 
n (1.04)  0.03
Thus, the least integral values of the year n, when the country becomes self -sufficient, is
n10  n9
the smallest integer greater than or equal to .
n(1.04)  0.03
Hindi n o"kks± ds ckn [kk| dh i;kZIrrk dgh tk,xh ;fn (n + 1) osa o"kZ ds fy, [kk| lkexzh (n + 1) osa o"kZ dh vko';drk
ds cjkcj gSA
ekuk n osa o"kZ ds fy, f n [kk| lkexzh miyC/k gS rc f n + 1 = f 1 (1.04) n
ekuk izkjfEHkd tula[;k P 0 gSA
dp
ekuk fdlh le; t ij tula[;k P gS rc = 0.03.p  p = p0 e0.03t
dt
ekuk n osa o"kZ ds fy, [kk| lkexzh dh vko';drk r n gS rFkk ,d o"kZ esa ,d O;fDr ds fy, [kk| lkexzh dh ek=kk k
gSA
n 1
rn+1 = 
n
k . p0 e0.03t dt

e0 . 0 3 ( n 1) e 0.03
e0. 03  1
r n + 1 = kp 0 .  r 1 = kp 0 .
0.03 .03
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ADVDE - 10
 Differential Equation

f 1 = 0.9r 1
;fn n o"kks± ds ckn [kk| i;kZIrrk gks] rks f n + 1  r n + 1
kp0 (e0.03(n1)  e.03n
f 1 . (1.04) n 
0.03
(e.03  1) kp0 (e.03(n1)  e.03n )
0.9.kp 0 . (1.04) n 
0.03 0.03
(.9) (e – 1) (1.04)  e
.03 n (.03n)
(e 0.03
– 1)
n 0.9 + n n (1.04)  n (0.03)
n 10  n 9
 n 
n (1.04)  0.03

 y2 1  1 x 2 
 
19. Solution of Differential equation    dx +    dy = 0 is
  x  y 
2 x y  x  y 2 
  
 y2 1  1 x 2 
vody lehdj.k  
  dx +    dy = 0 dk gy gS&
  x  y  y  x  y 2 
2 x
 
 

y xy
Ans. n   + = C
 
x y x

dx dy

y dx  x dy
2 2
1 1 x2 y2 1 1
Sol. – dx + dy = 0 ; – dx + dy = 0
x  y 2 x y 2 x y
 1 1
  
y x
 1 1
d  
 y x  – 1 dx + 1 dy = 0 ; –
1
– nx + ny = C
2 x y 1 1
 1 1 
   y x
y x
xy y
+ n   = C
yx x

20. Solution of the differential equation (xdy – ydx) (x+y)2= 4xy(x2+y2) (xdx –ydy) is
vody lehdj.k (xdy – ydx) (x+y)2= 4xy(x2+y2) (xdx –ydy) dk gy gS &
y 1 x 2
Ans. tan–1    n    x – y2 + c
x 2 y
x 2  y 2  2xy xdy  ydx ydx  xdy
Sol. (xdy –ydx) = 2xdx –2ydy   + 2xdx – 2ydy
2xy(x 2  y 2 ) x 2
y 2
 2xy

xdy  ydx 1  y   ydx  xdy  1 y 1 1 x

    + d(x –y )
2 2
d   .d    d(x2 –y2)
 y   2 2  x  y x 2x y
2 2 2
 y 
1     x 1    
 x 
  x y

y 1 x 2
  tan–1    n    x – y2 + c
x 2 y

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ADVDE - 11
Differential Equation

x(y  x)
21. Solve . x2 dy  y2 e y
 2y(x  y)
dx
x(y  x)
dy dk gy gS&
x2  y2 e  2y(x  y)
y
dx
Ans. x(x  y)  y ln(cex  1)
x( y – x) x2 x2
dy
Sol. x 2
+ y2 e y
= 2y(x – y)  x e dy + y e dx = (2yx – 2y ) e
2 y 2 x 2 y
dx
dx

x2 x2 x2 x2
(x 2 dy – ydx 2 )
x e dy – 2yx. e dx + 2y e dx + y e dx = 0 
2 y y
 + 2 e y dx + exdx = 0
2 y 2 x
y2

 x2   x2    x2  
x2 d  x2 x2 d  x2  x2 x2 d   
 –e y  y   + 2e y = – ex  e y  y  + (–2) e y = ex  Put e y  t  e y  y   dt 
dx dx  dx dx 
 
 

x2

+ (–2).t = ex t e
dt –2dx
  e .e dx  t. e–2x =  e– x dx  e y . e–2x = – e–x + C
x –2x
=
dx

x2
–x x2
 e y
= – 1 + C.ex  – x = n (cex–1)  x(x – y) = yn (cex–1)
y


y  y 
22. Solution of differential equation xe x dy   ye x  x3  dx = 0 is
 
 

y  
y 
vody lehdj.k xe x dy   ye x  x3  dx = 0 dk gy gS&
 
 
y

Ans. 2e x  x2 = C
y y
 
Sol. xe x dy – ye x dx – x 3 dx = 0
y

e x [xdy – ydx] – x 3 dx = 0
y
 y
e x d   – xdx = 0
x
y y
 x2 
e x – + C = 0  2e x  x2 = C
2

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ADVDE - 12