Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023 1

Bangladesh
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

POPULATION
Total populationa as of 1 July (million) 129.3 131.1 132.9 134.8 136.7 138.6 140.6 142.6 144.7 146.7 148.6 150.6 152.7 154.7 156.8 158.9 160.8 162.7 164.6 166.5 168.2 171.7 169.8
Population density (persons/km²) 876 881 901 913 926 939 953 966 980 993 1,007 1,021 1,035 1,049 1,063 1,077 1,090 1,103 1,116 1,125 1,140 1,164 1,151
Populationa (% annual change) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2
Urban population (% of total population) 23.1 23.1 23.2 23.2 23.7 24.2 24.6 24.8 25.1 25.5 25.9 25.9 26.8 27.3 33.5 34.3 35.1 35.9 36.6 37.4 38.2 38.9 39.7

LABOR FORCE fiscal year ending 30 June (million) 40.7 ... ... 46.3 ... ... 49.5 ... ... ... 56.7 ... ... 60.7 ... ... 62.1 63.5 ... ... ... ... 73.4
Employed 39.0 ... ... 44.3 ... ... 47.4 ... ... ... 54.1 ... ... 58.1 ... ... 59.5 60.8 ... ... ... ... 70.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 19.8 ... ... 22.9 ... ... 22.8 ... ... ... 25.7 ... ... 26.2 ... ... 25.4 24.7 ... ... ... ... 32.2
Mining and quarrying 0.2 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0.1 ... ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 0.1 0.1 ... ... ... ... 12.1
Manufacturing 3.7 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 5.2 ... ... ... 6.7 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 8.6 8.8 ... ... ... ...
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply; water supply;
sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities 0.1 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0.1 ... ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 0.2 0.1 ... ... ... ...
Construction 1.1 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 1.5 ... ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 3.3 3.4 ... ... ... ...
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 6.1 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 7.8 ... ... ... 8.4 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 8.0 8.7 ... ... ... ... 26.7
Transportation and storage 2.5 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... ... 4.0 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 4.6 5.2 ... ... ... ...
Accommodation and food service activities ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.9 ... ... 1.0 1.2 ... ... ... ...
Information and communication ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0.2 0.2 ... ... ... ...
Financial and insurance activities 0.4 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 0.8 ... ... ... 1.0 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 0.4 0.4 ... ... ... ...
Real estate activities ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.7 ... ... 0.1 0.1 ... ... ... ...
Other services 5.1 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.2 ... ... ... 5.7 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 7.7 7.9 ... ... ... ...
Underemployed ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Unemployed 1.8 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.1 ... ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 2.7 ... ... ... ... 2.6
Unemployment rate (%) 4.4 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 4.2 ... ... ... 4.6 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 4.2 4.2 ... ... ... ... 3.6
Labor force (% annual change) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Labor force participation rate (%) 54.9 ... ... 57.3 ... ... 58.5 ... ... ... 59.3 ... ... 57.1 ... ... 58.5 58.2 ... ... ... ... 61.0
Male 84.0 ... ... 87.4 ... ... 86.8 ... ... ... 82.5 ... ... 81.7 ... ... 81.9 80.5 ... ... ... ... 79.7
Female 23.9 ... ... 26.1 ... ... 29.2 ... ... ... 36.0 ... ... 33.5 ... ... 35.6 36.3 ... ... ... ... 42.7

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS fiscal year ending 30 June (Tk billion)

At Current Pricesb
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 2,370.8 2,535.5 2,732.0 3,005.8 3,329.6 3,707.0 4,823.4 5,498.0 6,286.8 7,050.7 7,975.4 9,158.3 10,552.0 11,989.2 13,436.7 15,158.0 | 20,758.2 23,243.1 26,392.5 29,514.3 31,704.7 35,301.8 39,717.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 583.7 590.4 599.0 630.6 672.0 716.2 869.8 979.0 1,106.2 1,206.0 1,355.9 1,539.5 1,707.1 1,857.5 2,062.8 2,240.8 | 2,795.1 3,011.7 3,293.8 3,534.4 3,804.5 4,106.6 4,455.3
Mining and quarrying 23.1 26.4 30.0 33.1 36.4 40.4 70.1 78.7 91.1 109.6 126.4 142.1 166.5 194.6 210.8 238.8 | 330.5 399.8 442.8 526.1 552.2 591.0 589.2
Manufacturing 348.4 382.3 418.0 458.1 515.3 588.0 738.3 876.1 1,013.7 1,162.0 1,285.7 1,465.0 1,679.3 1,971.3 2,232.2 2,544.8 | 4,223.9 4,666.1 5,490.2 6,259.4 6,530.6 7,496.6 8,644.4
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supplyc 30.7 33.5 36.4 39.9 44.2 49.1 55.5 57.2 64.4 70.1 83.5 109.8 134.9 156.2 175.1 188.5 | 245.5 292.3 326.3 381.4 445.2 449.0 504.1
Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities 6.0 7.0 7.7 8.9 10.2 | 21.0 22.6 24.9 26.7 27.6 29.7 38.1
Construction 176.2 193.3 211.6 230.2 254.0 290.6 298.2 335.1 385.3 441.8 494.7 570.7 683.0 824.3 908.3 1,084.8 | 1,628.4 1,882.2 2,156.9 2,502.6 2,878.8 3,194.9 3,696.3
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcyclesd 292.0 324.8 353.1 391.0 441.0 502.8 623.5 729.7 861.5 960.9 1,066.1 1,213.3 1,374.0 1,545.8 1,725.8 1,925.9 | 2,885.1 3,246.3 3,737.2 4,184.0 4,457.6 4,976.5 5,671.0
Transportation and storagee 197.4 221.3 255.2 311.1 344.4 382.9 465.0 531.3 596.2 671.8 804.5 810.2 968.5 1,068.8 1,151.6 1,297.6 | 1,580.3 1,787.2 1,978.1 2,197.1 2,322.5 2,562.2 2,852.7
Accommodation and food service activitiesf 82.3 97.6 112.6 130.4 149.3 | 238.9 266.7 301.1 335.5 360.2 398.6 444.5
Information and communicationg 135.5 158.5 174.0 191.5 202.7 | 248.3 272.6 294.6 322.0 351.1 384.5 414.2
Financial and insurance activities 36.5 39.1 42.1 47.2 52.0 59.3 142.2 162.7 187.0 200.0 234.5 275.5 363.2 422.4 485.6 557.6 | 650.7 722.5 817.2 933.0 1,032.2 1,152.7 1,295.4
Real estate activitiesh 1,925.1 2,141.5 2,359.9 2,607.2 2,880.0 3,130.3 3,401.8
Professional, scientific, and technical activitiesi 601.2 687.1 788.2 912.3 1,060.6 | 39.1 42.8 47.1 51.8 56.6 62.7 69.4
Administrative and support service activitiesj 142.4 157.2 172.7 200.2 230.0 271.4 311.4
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 62.3 67.0 71.2 77.8 86.2 96.4 140.9 171.3 196.6 224.6 254.3 302.8 335.0 376.8 447.3 506.7 | 667.3 784.6 902.5 990.1 1,069.6 1,170.0 1,273.7
2 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023

Bangladesh
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Education 213.9 250.5 284.3 327.7 376.2 | 544.8 608.6 681.6 769.6 856.4 956.4 1,095.1
Human health and social work activities 177.3 201.3 238.7 269.2 301.4 | 546.0 635.2 733.6 868.1 1,015.2 1,185.0 1,382.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 30.1 33.7 37.7 42.4 47.6 53.4 60.7
Other service activitiesk 537.2 571.9 618.6 679.7 749.0 830.2 1,172.5 1,312.6 1,486.4 1,702.2 1,907.4 1,046.1 1,172.9 1,389.5 1,565.5 1,764.0 | 1,131.8 1,244.3 1,367.8 1,506.9 1,652.5 1,806.8 1,998.9
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and
services-producing activities of households for own use ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Gross value added at basic prices 2,287.5 2,450.0 2,635.2 2,898.7 3,194.5 3,555.9 4,576.1 5,233.6 5,988.5 6,749.2 7,613.0 8,691.3 9,986.4 11,412.6 12,805.0 14,449.9 | 19,874.3 22,217.9 25,166.0 28,238.4 30,570.5 33,978.2 38,198.3
Taxes less subsidies on production and imports 83.3 85.5 96.8 107.1 135.1 151.1 247.2 264.4 298.3 301.5 362.4 466.9 565.6 576.6 631.7 708.1 | 883.9 1,025.1 1,226.4 1,275.9 1,134.2 1,323.7 1,518.9
Net factor income from abroad 87.1 88.4 125.4 165.8 175.5 189.3 272.1 352.8 483.9 559.0 646.0 725.1 893.0 964.3 895.5 984.0 | 972.5 802.5 1,055.4 1,208.9 1,312.3 1,858.1 1,573.5
GNI 2,457.9 2,623.9 2,857.4 3,171.6 3,505.1 3,896.3 5,095.4 5,850.8 6,770.7 7,609.7 8,621.4 9,883.4 11,445.1 12,953.5 14,332.2 16,142.0 | 21,730.8 24,045.6 27,447.9 30,723.2 33,017.0 37,160.0 41,290.6

Structure of Output (% of GDP at current basic prices)

Agriculture 25.5 24.1 22.7 21.8 21.0 20.1 19.0 18.7 18.5 17.9 17.8 17.7 17.1 16.3 16.1 15.5 14.1 13.6 13.1 12.5 12.4 12.1 11.7
Industry 25.3 25.9 26.4 26.3 26.6 27.2 25.4 25.7 26.0 26.4 26.1 26.4 26.7 27.6 27.6 28.2 32.5 32.7 33.5 34.3 34.1 34.6 35.3
Services 49.2 50.0 50.9 52.0 52.4 52.6 55.6 55.6 55.6 55.7 56.0 55.9 56.2 56.1 56.3 56.4 53.5 53.8 53.4 53.2 53.4 53.3 53.1

Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 2,370.9 2,535.5 2,732.0 3,005.8 3,329.7 3,707.1 4,823.4 5,498.0 6,286.8 7,050.7 7,975.4 9,158.3 10,552.0 11,989.3 13,436.7 15,158.0 | 20,758.2 23,243.1 26,392.5 29,514.3 31,704.7 35,301.8 39,717.2
Final consumption expenditure 1,946.9 2,079.2 2,235.9 2,445.7 2,679.3 2,965.1 3,789.4 4,357.3 5,080.4 5,617.1 6,315.7 7,269.7 8,312.5 9,347.3 10,468.6 11,799.2 | 15,097.4 16,952.2 19,411.4 21,579.6 23,119.8 26,355.7 29,698.8
Household final consumption 1,838.5 1,964.9 2,099.3 2,285.0 2,495.2 2,759.8 3,527.0 4,062.6 4,754.9 5,258.0 5,910.9 6,802.8 7,780.7 8,733.9 9,751.4 10,980.1 | 13,879.9 15,552.4 17,838.6 19,738.4 21,226.7 24,279.0 27,435.3
NPISHs final consumption ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
General government final consumption 108.4 114.3 136.6 160.7 184.1 205.3 262.4 294.7 325.5 359.1 404.8 466.8 531.8 613.4 717.2 819.2 | 1,217.5 1,399.8 1,572.8 1,841.2 1,893.2 2,076.7 2,263.5
Gross capital formationl 545.9 585.4 632.4 703.5 799.9 909.2 1,261.0 1,439.3 1,647.3 1,847.7 2,093.3 2,511.3 2,982.3 3,403.7 3,840.0 4,378.7 | 6,277.2 7,193.0 8,398.8 9,507.7 9,926.1 10,950.2 12,728.3
Gross fixed capital formationm 545.9 585.4 632.4 703.5 799.9 909.2 1,261.0 1,439.3 1,647.3 1,847.7 2,093.3 2,511.3 2,982.3 3,403.7 3,840.0 4,378.7 | 6,277.2 7,193.0 8,398.8 9,507.7 9,926.1 10,950.2 12,728.3
Public ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 608.0 796.2 879.9 1,033.9 | 1,356.7 1,693.6 1,815.4 2,055.4 2,312.0 2,583.4 2,991.6
Private ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,374.2 2,607.5 2,960.0 3,344.7 | 4,920.6 5,499.4 6,583.3 7,452.3 7,614.1 8,366.8 9,736.7
Changes in inventoriesn ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports of goods and services 331.4 390.0 390.0 427.2 514.9 614.7 788.8 934.4 1,110.2 1,194.4 1,278.0 1,824.5 2,127.5 2,342.4 2,551.6 2,627.9 | 2,889.8 2,979.7 3,345.2 3,864.8 3,310.9 3,764.2 5,116.5
Exports of goods ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports of services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Less: Imports of goods and services 455.9 545.1 520.4 602.2 693.0 854.3 1,049.5 1,261.6 1,569.3 1,632.4 1,736.9 2,518.4 2,949.2 3,208.1 3,429.7 3,751.5 | 3,614.6 3,993.2 5,236.2 5,455.2 5,018.4 6,022.9 8,300.0
Imports of goods ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Imports of services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Statistical discrepancy 2.5 26.0 –5.9 31.6 28.6 72.4 33.6 28.6 18.3 23.9 25.4 71.2 79.0 104.0 6.3 103.7 | 108.4 111.4 473.4 17.5 366.4 254.7 473.7

Structure of Demand (% of GDP at current market prices)

Household final consumption 77.5 77.5 76.8 76.0 74.9 74.4 73.1 73.9 75.6 74.6 74.1 74.3 73.7 72.8 72.6 72.4 66.9 66.9 67.6 66.9 67.0 68.8 69.1
Government final consumption 4.6 4.5 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.7
Gross capital formationo 23.0 23.1 23.1 23.4 24.0 24.5 26.1 26.2 26.2 26.2 26.2 27.4 28.3 28.4 28.6 28.9 30.2 31.0 31.8 32.2 31.3 30.8 32.0
Changes in inventoriesn
Exports of goods and services 14.0 15.4 14.3 14.2 15.5 16.6 16.4 17.0 17.7 16.9 16.0 19.9 20.2 19.5 19.0 17.3 13.9 12.8 12.7 13.1 10.4 10.7 12.9
Imports of goods and services 19.2 21.5 19.0 20.0 20.8 23.0 21.8 22.9 25.0 23.2 21.8 27.5 28.0 26.8 25.5 24.8 17.4 17.2 19.8 18.5 15.8 17.1 20.9
Statistical discrepancy 0.1 1.0 –0.2 1.1 0.9 2.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.8 0.1 1.2 0.7 1.2
 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023 3

Bangladesh
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

At Constant Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 1995/1996 | 2005/2006 | 2015/2016 market prices 2,049.3 2,157.4 2,252.6 2,371.1 2,519.7 2,669.7 | 4,823.4 5,163.8 5,474.4 5,750.6 6,071.0 6,463.4 6,884.9 7,299.0 7,741.4 8,248.6 | 20,758.2 22,126.2 23,745.7 25,617.4 26,500.6 28,339.4 30,351.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 504.3 520.1 520.1 536.1 558.1 570.4 | 869.8 928.1 969.8 1,003.4 1,065.1 1,112.6 1,146.1 1,174.4 1,225.7 1,266.5 | 2,795.1 2,884.4 2,986.6 3,084.0 3,189.5 3,290.8 3,391.3
Mining and quarrying 20.3 22.3 23.3 24.9 26.8 29.1 | 70.1 74.3 80.0 88.4 95.6 99.1 105.9 115.8 121.3 132.9 | 330.5 387.7 424.7 472.7 487.7 519.3 513.5
Manufacturing 303.7 324.0 341.7 364.8 390.7 422.7 | 738.3 816.1 876.0 934.6 996.7 1,096.5 1,205.7 1,329.9 1,446.5 1,595.7 | 4,223.9 4,523.2 4,996.0 5,612.2 5,706.5 6,367.6 7,094.2
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supplyc 28.3 30.4 32.7 35.3 38.5 41.9 | 55.5 58.3 62.8 67.4 74.1 79.0 87.3 95.4 99.3 105.3 | 245.5 262.9 284.7 308.1 310.2 339.8 360.7
Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities 5.1 5.6 5.9 6.5 7.2 | 21.0 21.8 22.4 23.9 24.4 26.0 28.5
Construction 154.6 168.0 182.4 197.2 213.5 231.2 | 298.2 318.4 337.4 359.6 385.5 412.4 447.1 483.0 522.1 567.0 | 1,628.4 1,787.3 1,967.1 2,173.1 2,371.5 2,563.0 2,786.3
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcyclesd 263.3 280.2 298.7 316.9 337.7 361.6 | 623.5 675.7 724.8 767.3 812.2 866.5 924.6 981.7 1,047.8 1,114.3 | 2,885.1 3,122.2 3,395.0 3,695.6 3,814.4 4,105.9 4,453.2
Transportation and storagee 181.4 195.8 208.6 222.9 236.8 255.5 | 465.0 508.8 550.8 595.1 640.1 554.4 594.3 626.1 657.6 696.6 | 1,580.3 1,677.1 1,790.1 1,915.6 1,948.7 2,027.4 2,144.0
Accommodation and food service activitiesf 46.1 49.0 52.2 55.7 59.5 | 238.9 251.7 265.6 280.6 285.3 298.3 314.3
Information and communicationg 139.6 163.3 179.1 196.2 208.2 | 248.3 269.1 287.3 308.4 328.7 352.1 368.9
Financial and insurance activities 31.0 32.7 34.9 37.2 39.8 43.4 | 142.2 151.4 157.3 157.3 167.1 184.6 211.8 231.1 247.9 267.2 | 650.7 685.2 732.8 793.2 830.7 879.0 930.6
Real estate activitiesh 1,925.1 1,989.2 2,058.4 2,132.7 2,211.1 2,286.7 2,371.3
Professional, scientific, and technical activitiesi 457.9 475.9 495.1 516.1 538.9 | 39.1 40.6 42.3 44.0 45.5 47.8 49.9
Administrative and support service activitiesj 142.4 151.6 163.3 176.6 187.8 199.1 211.1
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 50.3 53.2 56.4 59.3 63.5 68.6 | 140.9 152.9 162.9 174.5 188.8 205.5 221.0 235.4 251.6 276.4 | 667.3 742.2 806.6 858.9 906.0 960.8 1,008.0
Education 136.6 147.1 156.4 167.8 181.3 | 544.8 577.2 611.2 654.3 689.2 729.3 786.7
Human health and social work activities 120.8 125.4 131.4 138.0 145.2 | 546.0 602.4 657.8 738.1 817.0 903.6 992.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 30.1 31.6 33.2 35.0 36.9 39.1 41.4
Other service activitiesk 434.5 451.7 470.1 489.8 512.1 536.6 | 1,172.5 1,220.2 1,269.3 1,316.5 1,369.0 662.6 684.2 706.4 729.6 753.5 | 1,131.8 1,167.3 1,204.9 1,244.3 1,282.4 1,322.0 1,364.1
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and
services-producing activities of households for own use ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Gross value added at basic prices 1,971.7 2,078.4 2,168.9 2,284.4 2,417.5 2,561.0 | 4,576.1 4,904.2 5,191.2 5,464.1 5,794.3 6,179.2 6,594.3 6,999.4 7,429.8 7,915.4 | 19,874.3 21,174.8 22,730.0 24,551.5 25,473.6 27,257.6 29,210.9
Taxes less subsidies on production and imports 77.7 79.1 83.7 86.5 102.2 108.8 | 247.2 259.6 283.2 286.5 276.7 284.2 290.6 299.6 311.6 333.2 | 883.9 951.5 1,015.7 1,065.9 1,027.0 1,081.8 1,140.6
Net factor income from abroad 75.1 75.2 103.4 130.8 132.8 136.3 | 272.1 331.3 421.4 455.9 491.8 511.8 582.7 587.1 515.9 535.5 | 972.5 763.9 949.6 1,049.3 1,096.9 1,491.7 1,202.4
GNI 2,124.4 2,232.6 2,356.0 2,501.8 2,652.5 2,806.1 | 5,095.4 5,495.1 5,895.7 6,206.5 6,562.7 6,975.2 7,467.6 7,886.0 8,257.3 8,784.1 | 21,730.8 22,890.2 24,695.3 26,666.7 27,597.6 29,831.1 31,553.9

Growth of Outputp (% annual change)

GDP 6.0 5.3 4.4 5.3 6.3 6.0 6.7 | 7.1 6.0 5.0 5.6 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.1 6.6 7.1 | 6.6 7.3 7.9 3.5 6.9 7.1
Agriculture 7.4 3.1 – 3.1 4.1 2.2 5.5 | 6.7 4.5 3.5 6.2 4.5 3.0 2.5 4.4 3.3 2.8 | 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.1
Industry 6.2 7.5 6.5 7.3 7.6 8.3 9.8 | 9.0 7.0 6.9 7.0 9.0 9.4 9.6 8.2 9.7 11.1 | 8.3 10.2 11.6 3.6 10.3 9.9
Services 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.7 6.4 6.6 | 6.5 5.8 5.1 5.5 6.2 6.6 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.3 | 6.4 6.6 6.9 3.9 5.7 6.3

Expenditure on GDP at 1995/1996 | 2005/2006 | 2015/2016 market prices 2,049.3 2,157.4 2,252.6 2,371.1 2,519.7 2,669.7 | 4,823.4 5,163.8 5,474.4 5,750.6 6,071.0 6,463.4 6,884.9 7,299.0 7,741.4 8,248.6 | 20,758.2 22,126.2 23,745.7 25,617.4 26,500.6 28,339.4 30,351.5
Final consumption expenditure 1,584.3 1,659.2 1,753.2 1,825.4 1,892.7 1,971.3 | 3,789.4 4,059.6 4,219.1 4,326.4 4,532.1 4,827.1 5,022.3 5,282.1 5,507.9 5,840.0 | 15,097.4 16,055.2 17,512.6 18,480.3 19,017.8 20,524.1 21,504.4
Household final consumption 1,497.4 1,568.4 1,645.0 1,702.9 1,757.1 1,825.2 | 3,527.0 3,789.2 3,940.0 4,030.3 4,215.9 4,489.6 4,674.3 4,913.9 5,110.8 5,408.1 | 13,879.9 14,750.0 16,138.5 16,922.1 17,429.2 18,826.2 19,700.6
NPISHs final consumption ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
General government final consumption 86.9 90.8 108.2 122.5 135.6 146.1 | 262.4 270.4 279.0 296.1 316.3 337.6 348.0 368.1 397.2 431.9 | 1,217.5 1,305.2 1,374.1 1,558.2 1,588.6 1,697.9 1,803.9
Gross capital formationl 488.0 516.2 558.3 602.2 657.4 727.8 | 1,261.0 1,351.2 1,483.8 1,593.4 1,729.9 1,895.3 2,095.5 2,208.0 2,425.5 2,598.2 | 6,277.2 6,802.0 7,627.3 8,152.0 8,473.7 9,159.3 10,068.9
Gross fixed capital formationm 488.0 516.2 558.3 602.2 657.4 727.8 | 1,261.0 1,351.2 1,483.8 1,593.4 1,729.9 1,895.3 2,095.5 2,208.0 2,425.5 2,598.2 | 6,277.2 6,802.0 7,627.3 8,152.0 8,473.7 9,159.3 10,068.9
Public ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 494.6 552.2 612.1 | 1,356.7 1,599.6 1,668.6 1,679.7 1,985.4 2,165.7 2,368.1
Private ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,713.3 1,873.4 1,986.1 | 4,920.6 5,202.4 5,958.7 6,472.3 6,488.3 6,993.6 7,700.8
Changes in inventoriesn ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports of goods and services 282.1 324.2 316.7 338.5 380.9 440.3 | 788.8 891.1 954.2 954.5 963.5 1,246.2 1,402.3 1,436.7 1,482.7 1,440.8 | 2,889.8 2,836.5 3,009.7 3,354.5 2,767.4 3,021.8 3,909.9
4 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023

Bangladesh
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Exports of goods ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports of services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Less: Imports of goods and services 360.0 400.3 355.4 381.7 422.2 502.7 | 1,049.5 1,217.3 1,194.1 1,163.1 1,171.1 1,512.5 1,671.5 1,691.9 1,711.7 1,766.5 | 3,614.6 3,801.3 4,711.1 4,734.9 4,194.7 4,835.1 6,342.8
Imports of goods ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Imports of services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Statistical discrepancy 54.8 58.1 –20.2 –13.3 10.9 33.0 | 33.6 79.2 11.4 39.4 16.5 7.3 36.3 64.1 36.8 136.1 | 108.4 233.8 307.3 365.4 436.4 469.3 1,211.0

Growth of Demandp (% annual change)

Household final consumption 4.1 4.7 4.9 3.5 3.2 3.9 7.0 | 7.4 4.0 2.3 4.6 6.5 4.1 5.1 4.0 5.8 3.0 | 6.3 9.4 4.9 3.0 8.0 4.6
Government final consumption 0.9 4.5 19.1 13.2 10.7 7.7 8.1 | 3.1 3.2 6.1 6.8 6.7 3.1 5.8 7.9 8.8 8.4 | 7.2 5.3 13.4 2.0 6.9 6.2
Gross capital formationl,m 7.3 5.8 8.2 7.9 9.2 10.7 9.9 | 7.1 9.8 7.4 8.6 9.6 10.6 5.4 9.9 7.1 8.9 | 8.4 12.1 6.9 4.0 8.1 9.9
Exports of goods and services 14.4 14.9 –2.3 6.9 12.5 15.6 25.5 | 13.0 7.1 0.0 0.9 29.3 12.5 2.5 3.2 –2.8 2.2 | –1.8 6.1 11.5 –17.5 9.2 29.4
Imports of goods and services 10.2 11.2 –11.2 7.4 10.6 19.1 18.2 | 16.0 –1.9 –2.6 0.7 29.2 10.5 1.2 1.2 3.2 –7.1 | 5.2 23.9 0.5 –11.4 15.3 31.2

Investment Financing at Current Prices

Gross capital formationj,k 545.9 585.4 632.4 703.5 799.9 909.2 1,261.0 1,439.3 1,647.3 1,847.7 2,093.3 2,511.3 2,982.3 3,403.7 3,840.0 4,378.7 | 6,277.2 7,193.0 8,398.8 9,507.7 9,926.1 10,950.2 12,728.3
Gross national saving 509.3 562.0 636.9 747.5 847.1 958.1 1,342.6 1,533.3 1,747.0 2,016.7 2,348.2 2,644.8 3,150.5 3,660.0 3,927.0 4,398.8 | 6,665.8 7,137.6 8,078.7 9,190.2 9,960.9 10,870.8 11,656.9
Gross domestic saving 423.9 456.3 496.1 560.1 650.4 742.0 1,034.0 1,140.7 1,206.4 1,433.6 1,659.7 1,888.6 2,239.5 2,642.0 2,968.2 3,358.8 | 5,660.8 6,290.9 6,981.1 7,934.7 8,584.9 8,946.1 10,018.4
Net factor income from abroad 87.1 88.4 125.4 165.8 175.5 189.3 272.1 352.8 483.9 559.0 646.0 725.1 893.0 964.3 895.5 984.0 | 972.5 802.5 1,055.4 1,208.9 1,312.3 1,858.1 1,573.5
Net current transfers from abroadq –1.8 17.3 15.4 21.6 21.2 26.8 36.5 39.9 56.7 24.1 42.5 31.0 17.9 53.7 63.3 56.0 | 32.5 44.2 42.1 46.6 63.7 66.5 65.0

Savings and Investment (% of GDP at current market prices)

Gross domestic saving 17.9 18.0 18.2 18.6 19.5 20.0 21.4 20.7 19.2 20.3 20.8 20.6 21.2 22.0 22.1 22.2 27.3 27.1 26.5 26.9 27.1 25.3 25.2
Gross national saving 21.5 22.2 23.3 24.9 25.4 25.8 27.8 27.9 27.8 28.6 29.4 28.9 29.9 30.5 29.2 29.0 32.1 30.7 30.6 31.1 31.4 30.8 29.3
Gross capital formationl,m 23.0 23.1 23.1 23.4 24.0 24.5 26.1 26.2 26.2 26.2 26.2 27.4 28.3 28.4 28.6 28.9 30.2 31.0 31.8 32.2 31.3 31.0 32.0

At Current Market Prices (Tk)

Per capita GDPr 18,507.4 19,518.9 20,759.9 22,532.2 24,627.2 27,058.4 34,501.9 38,772.9 43,719.2 48,358.8 53,960.7 61,198.0 69,614.0 78,009.0 86,266.0 96,004.0 | 129,828.1 143,697.5 161,273.9 178,280.2 189,360.9 208,750.8 231,861.4
Per capita GNIr 19,187.4 20,199.4 21,712.8 23,775.1 25,925.3 28,440.1 36,448.1 41,260.6 47,084.3 52,192.9 58,331.7 66,044.0 75,505.0 84,283.0 92,015.0 102,236.0 | 135,910.6 148,658.9 167,723.3 185,582.8 197,198.9 219,738.4 241,047.0

PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

Agriculture; 2014–2016 = 100 62.6 61.6 63.4 65.0 63.9 71.7 74.1 78.1 84.0 84.6 89.6 93.5 94.3 96.5 98.7 100.6 100.7 108.3 108.3 109.2 112.1 116.8 ...
Mining; 1988/1989 | 2005/2006 | 2015/2016 = 100 213.0 239.0 251.0 269.0 290.0 307.0 336.0 360.0 384.0 418.0 | 134.4 135.2 142.4 153.2 157.2 173.0 185.6 185.6 186.1 182.7 168.6 169.4 | 84.5
Manufacturing; 1988/1989 | 2005/2006 | 2015/2016 = 100 214.0 228.0 239.0 254.0 272.0 295.0 327.0 360.0 386.0 416.0 | 135.0 157.9 174.9 195.2 213.2 236.1 267.9 297.9 342.5 392.8 398.4 447.6 | 185.8

ENERGY annual values

Crude petroleum (t ’000)
Production 72.0 80.0 93.0 80.0 89.0 ... ... 1,108.0 253.5 278.8 336.0 371.2 378.7 410.4 412.8 482.6 665.3 690.8 687.3 559.7 517.5 ... ...
Exports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Imports 1,268.0 812.0 1,241.0 1,621.0 2,947.0 1,099.0 1,366.0 2,093.0 1,040.1 860.9 1,136.6 1,409.3 1,083.0 1,292.0 1,177.0 1,303.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Consumption 3,525.0 ... ... ... ... 3,768.0 3,782.0 3,574.0 3,626.0 ... 3,737.0 4,868.0 5,213.6 5,086.5 5,485.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Coal (t ’000)
Production – – – – – ... ... ... 677.1 857.6 730.9 666.6 861.1 854.8 942.8 956.8 1,030.7 1,132.3 923.3 805.7 811.1 754.0 488.7
Exports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Imports 53.0 142.0 604.0 199.0 213.0 ... ... ... ... ... 2.2 0.1 ... 82.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Consumption 53.0 142.0 604.0 199.0 213.0 ... ... ... 501.7 790.6 820.4 643.9 859.2 946.9 862.7 836.3 916.4 927.1 ... ... ... ... ...
 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023 5

Bangladesh
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Natural gas (m³ million)

Productions 9,412.0 10,573.0 11,094.0 11,926.0 12,827.0 13,783.0 14,921.0 15,920.0 17,015.0 18,511.0 19,919.0 20,075.0 21,056.0 22,669.0 23,231.9 25,263.4 27,559.0 27,445.0 27,429.0 27,233.0 24,992.9 25,173.6 23,783.1
Exports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Consumption 8,780.0 9,876.0 10,326.0 11,350.0 12,111.0 12,918.0 14,021.0 15,185.0 16,551.0 18,342.0 20,111.0 20,306.0 20,569.0 22,601.0 23,450.4 24,843.3 27,380.6 27,037.0 ... ... ... ... ...

Electricityt (kWh million)

Production 14,739.0 16,254.0 17,445.0 18,458.0 20,062.0 21,162.0 22,742.0 22,783.0 24,305.0 25,504.0 27,470.0 29,348.0 33,365.0 36,482.0 38,031.1 40,357.9 48,370.0 52,620.0 57,895.0 63,747.0 64,745.0 72,320.0 77,895.0
Exports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3,822.0 4,656.0 4,783.0 6,786.0 6,674.0 8,103.0 7,712.0
Consumption 12,461.0 14,003.0 15,238.0 16,132.0 18,024.0 19,196.0 20,962.0 21,181.0 22,622.0 23,937.0 25,744.0 28,627.0 32,443.0 35,465.0 39,256.1 42,616.0 45,354.8 49,979.0 55,238.1 62,097.3 63,398.6 71,488.0 76,695.3

PRICE INDEXES period averages

Consumer (national); 1995/1996 | 2005/2006 = 100 124.3 126.7 130.3 136.0 143.9 153.2 | 100.0 109.4 122.8 132.2 141.2 156.6 170.2 181.7 195.1 207.6 219.9 231.8 245.2 258.7 273.3 288.4 306.2
Food and nonalcoholic beveragesu ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 170.5 183.7 193.2 209.8 223.8 234.8 248.9 266.6 281.3 296.9 313.9 332.9
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Clothing and footwear ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 140.1 160.8 179.7 194.8 208.5 233.4 243.6 255.2 277.6 290.0 298.1 320.1
Housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuelsv ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 132.3 143.4 155.6 163.5 171.8 182.7 194.0 200.3 207.0 220.7 228.3 232.4
Furnishings, household equipment, and routine household maintenancew ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 158.1 175.6 195.3 206.1 214.5 227.4 235.9 249.7 265.3 282.7 298.2 320.3
Healthx ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 144.6 152.6 159.7 164.1 180.8 199.9 206.7 209.3 215.3 230.1 247.9 253.6
Transporty ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 127.4 148.6 159.3 167.2 181.8 201.3 210.8 218.8 235.2 248.5 271.5 313.0
Communication ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Recreation and culturez ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 139.5 144.5 157.2 164.4 168.0 171.0 177.6 183.7 186.7 190.1 193.6 202.6
Education ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Restaurants and hotels ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Miscellaneous goods and services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 148.7 164.6 182.5 193.8 204.2 211.6 217.5 223.8 239.9 259.3 288.5 312.3
Wholesale (national)aa; 1969/1970 = 100 1,753.0 1,726.0 1,730.0 1,822.0 1,889.0 1,954.0 2,128.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Implicit GDP deflator; 1995/1996 | 2005/2006 | 2015/2016 = 100 115.7 117.5 121.3 126.8 132.1 138.8 | 100.0 106.5 114.8 122.6 131.4 141.7 153.3 164.3 173.6 183.8 | 100.0 105.0 111.1 115.2 119.6 124.6 130.9

Price Indexes (% annual change)

Consumer price index (national) 2.8 1.9 2.8 4.4 5.8 6.5 7.2 9.4 12.3 7.6 6.8 10.9 8.7 6.8 7.3 6.4 5.9 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.6 6.2
Food and nonalcoholic beverages price index (national)u ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7.7 5.2 8.6 6.7 4.9 6.0 7.1 5.5 5.5 5.7 6.1
Wholesale price indexaa –0.4 –1.5 0.2 5.3 3.7 3.4 8.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Implicit GDP deflator 1.9 1.6 3.2 4.5 4.2 5.1 5.2 6.5 7.9 6.8 7.1 7.9 8.2 7.2 5.7 5.9 6.7 5.0 5.8 3.7 3.8 4.1 5.0

MONEY AND INTEREST RATES as of end of period (Tk million)

Net foreign assets ... ... 78,198 117,411 136,022 154,524 182,675 284,993 328,970 423,429 614,468 641,193 721,663 1,065,480 1,476,833 1,711,557 2,020,490 2,340,332 2,198,393 2,204,910 2,502,874 3,346,737 3,044,475
Domestic claims ... ... 1,274,449 1,410,334 1,620,493 1,880,733 2,223,460 2,536,436 3,010,846 3,453,858 4,101,616 5,117,716 5,978,272 6,547,429 7,550,462 8,555,687 10,117,232 11,635,749 13,557,804 15,397,798 17,136,276 18,979,483 21,709,623
Net claims on central government ... ... 436,030 469,823 538,877 596,695 685,069 759,031 902,321 1,037,957 1,096,648 1,328,275 1,499,469 1,678,806 1,863,569 2,079,055 2,436,272 2,784,855 3,173,751 3,865,828 4,656,407 5,486,177 6,317,298
Claims on other financial corporations ... ... 25,639 30,914 38,951 36,907 29,931 38,615 34,816 44,223 48,451 68,585 87,627 84,952 108,165 123,976 163,156 218,123 221,888 305,845 325,502 317,615 323,123
Claims on state and local government ... ... 1,091 821 727 509 360 220 185 153 122 93 57 23 – – – – – – – – –
Claims on public nonfinancial corporations ... ... 54,847 54,878 69,206 87,143 127,711 140,597 85,510 89,003 110,919 148,562 128,142 60,345 79,036 116,317 93,657 92,948 107,481 129,622 193,585 193,638 264,475
Claims on private sector ... ... 756,842 853,898 972,732 1,159,479 1,380,389 1,597,973 1,988,014 2,282,522 2,845,476 3,572,201 4,262,977 4,723,303 5,499,692 6,236,339 7,424,147 8,539,823 10,054,684 11,096,503 11,960,782 12,982,053 14,804,727
Broad money liabilitiesab ... ... 1,238,389 1,432,298 1,628,128 1,875,586 2,208,868 2,558,216 2,960,446 3,485,772 4,288,190 5,098,450 5,891,446 6,794,442 7,945,149 9,106,464 10,767,126 12,333,580 13,735,931 15,345,241 17,046,673 19,292,439 20,993,526
Currency outside depository corporations ... ... 122,313 135,827 154,645 181,543 224,635 262,174 322,286 355,690 456,370 541,806 577,160 668,073 761,327 871,428 1,204,945 1,359,873 1,393,830 1,527,544 1,905,705 2,079,492 2,347,830
Transferable deposits ... ... 115,833 127,993 145,594 167,772 196,750 233,620 264,358 301,487 415,253 479,685 509,361 555,426 666,914 732,047 907,651 1,026,326 1,135,894 1,182,821 1,355,862 1,651,715 1,897,350
Other deposits ... ... 752,189 881,869 1,006,761 1,185,541 1,421,974 1,660,702 1,953,308 2,378,628 2,860,435 3,503,070 4,229,050 4,989,539 5,820,445 6,524,824 7,351,656 8,130,936 8,942,922 9,884,459 10,902,870 12,268,208 13,242,297
Securities other than shares ... ... 248,054 286,609 321,128 340,730 365,509 401,720 420,494 449,967 556,132 573,889 575,875 581,404 696,463 978,165 1,302,874 1,816,445 2,263,285 2,750,417 2,882,236 3,293,024 3,506,049
Liabilities excluded from broad money ... ... –114,258 –95,447 –128,387 –159,671 –197,267 –263,213 –379,370 –391,515 –427,894 –660,459 –808,489 –818,467 –1,082,146 –1,160,780 –1,370,596 –1,642,501 –2,020,266 –2,257,467 –2,592,477 –3,033,781 –3,760,572
6 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023

Bangladesh
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Money Supply (M2)ac (% annual change) 18.6 16.6 13.1 15.6 13.8 16.7 19.3 17.1 17.6 19.2 22.4 21.3 17.4 16.7 16.1 12.4 16.4 10.9 9.2 9.9 12.6 13.6 9.5
M2ac (% of GDP at current market prices) 31.5 34.4 36.1 37.9 39.0 40.9 37.5 38.5 39.6 42.1 45.5 48.1 49.0 50.3 52.1 52.0 44.2 43.7 42.1 41.3 43.3 44.3 48.4

Interest rates as of end of period (% per annum)

On deposits
Savingsad 5.8 5.2 4.6 4.1 4.2 4.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.2 4.9 4.5 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.2 2.3
Time: 6 months 8.7 8.7 8.4 8.3 7.5 8.1 9.8 10.3 10.3 10.2 8.4 11.2 11.8 12.0 10.3 8.8 6.4 6.1 7.5 8.4 6.0 5.3 6.2
12 months 9.0 8.9 8.5 8.8 8.2 8.3 10.3 10.7 10.9 10.9 9.0 10.3 11.7 12.1 11.3 9.0 7.3 6.4 7.4 8.2 6.5 5.7 6.2

GOVERNMENT FINANCE fiscal year ending 30 June (Tk billion)

Central Government
Revenue 281.1 315.2 355.7 365.5 419.2 460.1 522.0 653.1 728.1 836.4 1,016.7 1,249.9 1,423.2 1,538.2 1,538.4 1,815.3 2,015.2 2,354.9 2,110.5 2,633.4 2,766.6 3,396.5 ...
Taxes 190.4 209.4 241.5 269.5 304.0 338.8 379.1 479.7 527.4 623.0 793.5 949.9 1,072.0 1,156.7 1,285.3 1,518.6 1,734.8 2,035.8 1,881.6 2,254.5 2,219.8 2,697.9 ...
Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains 30.9 35.2 38.6 43.8 51.1 64.0 86.2 116.7 134.3 162.4 219.6 281.6 344.0 378.3 407.2 450.8 520.3 599.3 527.6 669.4 754.2 873.4 ...
Payable by individuals 13.2 16.7 22.7 25.0 28.7 31.9 51.8 73.9 64.0 86.6 93.9 94.9 103.9 108.4 130.2 147.6 191.9 209.6 196.2 238.5 224.4 288.0 ...
Payable by corporations and other enterprises 17.7 18.5 15.9 18.8 22.4 32.2 34.5 42.8 70.4 75.7 125.7 186.7 240.2 269.9 277.0 303.2 328.4 389.7 331.4 430.9 529.8 585.4 ...
Other taxes on income, profits, and capital gains – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ...
Taxes on payroll and workforce – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ...
Taxes on property 2.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.8 4.1 5.6 8.5 13.8 5.8 6.7 6.7 9.2 ...
Taxes on goods and services 102.8 113.9 130.5 147.0 166.5 189.0 203.8 259.1 289.8 352.5 442.1 520.6 571.1 614.2 694.3 849.9 972.3 1,149.3 1,086.5 1,285.0 1,184.6 1,465.3 ...
Taxes on international trade and transaction 47.8 51.6 64.7 69.7 75.9 75.3 76.2 87.9 84.9 89.3 107.9 120.8 126.6 131.6 149.2 178.5 194.6 230.6 218.1 244.0 238.0 315.9 ...
Other taxes 6.6 7.0 6.1 7.4 8.8 8.8 11.0 13.9 16.1 16.4 21.2 24.0 27.2 28.8 30.4 33.8 39.0 42.8 43.6 49.5 36.4 34.2 ...
Social contributions – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ...
Grants 18.6 19.7 32.9 15.4 17.2 14.2 10.9 25.0 21.3 32.3 24.5 35.9 68.8 58.7 24.8 21.7 13.0 14.3 3.0 17.1 25.2 23.5 ...
Other revenue 72.1 86.1 81.3 80.5 98.0 107.1 132.0 148.4 179.5 181.1 198.7 264.2 282.5 322.7 228.3 275.1 267.4 304.8 226.0 361.8 521.6 675.1 ...
Expense 236.7 249.4 290.0 292.3 342.2 388.7 461.8 558.9 669.7 723.0 845.1 982.7 1,087.2 1,246.7 1,320.2 1,586.8 1,774.4 1,950.8 1,860.1 2,441.5 2,583.3 2,942.9 ...
Compensation of employees 67.8 70.7 74.7 79.9 87.0 103.0 126.8 132.2 142.9 165.7 206.9 217.4 225.5 274.4 300.7 418.3 514.7 490.0 518.6 562.0 579.6 597.0 ...
Use of goods and services 40.9 44.5 62.4 55.6 60.1 65.7 69.3 82.7 94.2 106.6 124.6 158.5 163.0 191.0 200.1 225.1 245.7 285.3 244.3 415.0 398.4 435.3 ...
Consumption of fixed capital – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ...
Interest 41.9 49.6 56.8 57.8 68.5 85.2 105.1 137.4 153.6 148.7 156.4 203.5 241.6 280.0 309.7 331.2 353.4 430.9 385.2 500.9 583.1 706.2 ...
Subsidies 5.2 6.8 13.5 11.9 19.7 17.2 31.6 59.4 73.9 75.1 92.7 115.1 155.9 137.7 125.8 119.0 58.6 109.8 172.7 264.1 292.3 278.5 ...
Grants 41.2 42.0 40.1 48.9 62.0 62.9 64.8 76.0 98.8 124.7 145.6 164.8 167.2 186.2 203.4 263.2 311.3 289.6 287.0 313.3 306.7 364.6 ...
Social benefits 23.4 22.2 25.2 27.0 31.4 40.3 44.8 56.8 79.0 75.1 85.2 99.2 102.0 104.8 121.0 173.2 222.2 275.8 207.3 306.1 331.1 362.9 ...
Other expense 16.3 13.7 17.4 11.2 13.4 14.4 19.5 14.3 27.4 27.0 33.7 24.2 32.0 72.5 59.4 56.9 68.5 69.5 45.1 80.2 92.2 198.4 ...
Net operating balanceae 44.4 65.7 65.7 73.2 77.1 71.3 60.2 94.2 58.4 113.4 171.6 267.2 336.0 291.5 218.2 228.5 240.8 404.1 250.4 191.9 183.3 453.7 ...
Gross operating balanceaf 44.4 65.7 65.7 73.2 77.1 71.3 60.2 94.2 58.4 113.4 171.6 267.2 336.0 291.5 218.2 228.5 240.8 404.1 250.4 191.9 183.3 453.7 ...
Transactions in Nonfinancial Assets
Net/gross investment in nonfinancial assets 135.7 128.4 128.0 142.9 188.9 183.6 168.5 186.9 223.6 242.5 305.8 351.2 390.7 443.6 520.7 598.6 780.7 1,067.6 720.2 1,351.4 1,417.4 1,457.6 ...
Fixed assets 121.7 110.7 114.3 126.1 166.6 161.7 143.4 140.2 154.2 205.1 219.3 268.8 326.5 362.4 447.5 503.7 682.0 920.3 606.8 1,183.8 1,261.5 1,288.4 ...
Inventories 13.2 16.9 13.2 15.9 21.3 20.4 23.9 43.8 57.8 31.0 79.5 74.3 54.1 63.1 60.2 48.5 54.3 103.7 79.4 101.8 87.4 107.4 ...
Valuables – 0.0 – – – 0.0 – – – – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 – – 0.0 0.0 ...
Nonproduced assets 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.2 2.9 11.6 6.5 7.1 8.2 10.1 18.0 12.9 46.3 44.4 43.6 34.0 65.8 68.5 61.7 ...
Expenditure 372.4 377.8 418.0 435.2 531.1 572.3 630.2 745.8 893.3 965.5 1,150.9 1,333.9 1,477.9 1,690.3 1,840.9 2,185.4 2,555.1 3,018.4 2,580.4 3,792.9 4,000.7 4,400.4 ...
Net lending/Net borrowing –91.2 –62.6 –62.3 –69.7 –111.9 –112.3 –108.3 –92.7 –165.2 –129.1 –134.2 –84.0 –54.7 –152.1 –302.5 –370.1 –539.9 –663.5 –469.8 –1,159.6 –1,234.1 –1,003.9 ...
Primary balance –49.3 –13.0 –5.5 –11.9 –43.3 –27.0 –3.2 44.7 –11.6 19.6 22.2 119.5 187.0 127.9 7.3 –39.0 –186.5 –232.7 –84.6 –658.7 –650.9 –297.7 ...
Transactions in Financial Assets and Liabilities (Financing)
Net acquisition of financial assets 4,601.0 7,264.8 13,601.7 17,788.2 21,805.4 23,964.6 38,093.5 42,984.7 46,330.7 44,105.6 53,470.4 4,928.3 6,197.2 6,753.4 6,547.1 7,608.1 8,008.5 9,600.5 8,855.0 11,710.9 16,833.1 13,815.9 ...
 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023 7

Bangladesh
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Domestic 4,601.0 7,264.8 13,601.7 17,788.2 21,805.4 23,964.6 38,093.4 42,984.7 46,330.7 44,105.6 53,470.4 4,928.3 6,197.2 6,753.4 6,547.1 7,608.1 8,008.5 9,600.5 8,855.0 11,710.9 16,833.1 13,815.9 ...
External – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ...
Net incurrence of liabilities 2,967.2 3,408.0 3,544.6 3,623.7 5,040.8 5,262.8 4,659.3 5,137.7 5,464.8 5,986.1 6,378.7 5,218.6 6,280.2 6,691.5 6,705.0 7,982.4 8,416.8 10,355.5 13,861.5 18,448.1 23,238.5 20,789.8 ...
Domestic 2,888.2 3,324.0 3,456.7 3,541.0 4,943.2 5,146.8 4,553.2 4,980.2 5,345.4 5,821.1 6,243.9 5,064.5 6,072.3 6,483.5 6,476.3 7,608.9 8,136.9 10,081.6 13,660.0 17,919.0 22,592.8 20,092.4 ...
External 79.0 84.0 87.9 82.8 97.6 116.0 106.1 157.5 119.3 165.0 134.9 154.0 207.9 208.0 228.7 373.5 279.9 273.9 201.5 529.1 645.7 697.4 ...

Government Finance (% of GDP at current market prices)

Revenue 9.7 10.0 11.8 11.1 11.3 11.0 11.2 12.3 11.9 12.2 13.0 13.9 13.7 12.9 11.5 10.6 10.2 10.5 8.3 10.4 9.6 10.7 ...
Taxes 6.5 6.7 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.2 9.1 8.6 9.1 10.2 10.6 10.3 9.7 9.6 8.9 8.8 9.1 7.4 8.9 7.7 8.5 ...
Taxes payable by individuals 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 ...
Taxes payable by corporations and other enterprises 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.9 ...
Expenditure 12.8 12.0 13.9 13.2 14.4 13.7 13.5 14.1 14.6 14.1 14.8 14.8 14.2 14.2 13.7 12.7 12.9 13.4 10.2 15.0 13.9 13.9 ...
Net lending/Net borrowing –3.1 –2.0 –2.1 –2.1 –3.0 –2.7 –2.3 –1.8 –2.7 –1.9 –1.7 –0.9 –0.5 –1.3 –2.3 –2.2 –2.7 –3.0 –1.9 –4.6 –4.3 –3.2 ...
Primary balance –1.7 –0.4 –0.2 –0.4 –1.2 –0.7 –0.1 0.8 –0.2 0.3 0.3 1.3 1.8 1.1 0.1 –0.2 –0.9 –1.0 –0.3 –2.6 –2.3 –0.9 ...

Expenditure by Function, Central Government

Total expenditure 245.5 309.2 318.0 362.9 367.1 421.1 447.3 501.6 629.1 893.2 1,015.2 1,282.8 1,524.5 1,756.4 1,891.0 2,088.7 2,400.5 2,693.8 3,593.3 4,196.1 4,494.5 4,817.2 ...
General public services 35.2 45.1 45.3 42.8 50.2 50.5 51.6 43.4 52.0 68.8 82.5 80.8 110.7 79.5 144.3 123.4 151.3 292.5 816.0 938.0 1,188.4 1,395.1 ...
Defense 31.1 33.9 37.3 39.3 37.8 40.8 42.5 65.5 70.1 71.6 87.6 111.3 122.3 134.1 152.5 175.9 204.4 233.4 269.9 325.5 347.8 355.7 ...
Economic affairs 43.2 64.6 72.3 88.7 45.8 56.8 56.8 64.8 100.2 173.8 221.2 281.8 336.8 450.3 441.8 473.0 603.3 566.1 852.4 988.8 1,053.5 951.4 ...
Agriculture 12.4 13.4 12.5 13.1 14.1 23.2 20.6 30.3 43.5 95.6 111.5 129.6 146.7 196.7 172.8 159.7 178.6 168.9 125.8 151.6 145.6 170.4 ...
Industry 12.4 20.9 16.9 18.8 9.1 7.1 7.9 13.3 16.1 15.0 17.7 17.9 24.2 30.0 33.1 32.4 36.6 40.4 48.3 40.2 38.4 50.2 ...
Electricity, gas, and water 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 25.5 34.7 72.3 79.7 102.8 102.3 93.6 169.8 146.2 282.0 345.3 331.3 228.4 ...
Transport and communications 16.7 28.4 41.1 36.0 28.9 30.3 33.3 27.9 45.2 43.8 66.2 70.5 94.6 124.8 142.4 194.1 235.2 229.0 413.8 451.8 538.2 502.4 ...
Other economic services 1.7 1.8 1.8 20.7 2.8 3.3 2.8 6.4 11.3 12.1 14.0 16.0 18.0 17.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 20.0 19.0 18.0 20.5 21.2 ...
Environmental protection ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 67.1 87.6 74.3 87.2 ...
Housing and community amenities 6.7 17.6 9.9 10.4 9.6 10.0 13.2 10.0 16.6 13.7 12.5 13.3 13.4 13.7 17.0 19.6 38.6 50.1 34.7 59.6 55.0 63.3 ...
Health 23.2 22.8 23.9 24.8 28.9 31.3 34.6 39.5 41.8 51.0 62.7 72.9 76.7 85.5 93.9 104.2 126.1 66.2 178.0 185.4 176.5 216.5 ...
Education 48.4 57.4 56.4 61.8 65.5 70.8 83.1 96.9 104.1 121.0 159.0 188.0 191.1 212.8 267.0 303.1 399.2 490.0 512.5 632.6 659.7 719.3 ...
Social protection 3.3 4.2 4.2 5.8 7.6 12.0 14.1 15.7 18.5 78.9 69.6 77.3 89.9 100.5 112.3 111.5 153.2 162.1 293.9 350.9 343.1 389.8 ...
Othersag 54.3 63.6 68.6 89.4 121.7 149.0 151.5 165.8 225.8 314.4 320.1 457.6 583.8 680.1 662.3 778.0 724.4 833.5 568.8 627.6 596.2 639.2 ...

Expenditure by Function (% of GDP at current market prices)

Education 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 ...
Health 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 ...
Social protection 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 ...

EXTERNAL TRADE fiscal year ending 30 June (Tk billion)

Exports, fob 249.2 324.2 309.3 375.9 441.6 531.3 707.5 841.0 968.0 1,071.9 1,121.3 1,635.9 1,924.4 2,157.1 2,314.3 2,384.2 2,617.1 2,691.6 2,979.0 3,327.8 2,723.3 3,129.6 4,249.9*
Imports, fob 380.7 454.9 442.1 504.1 579.9 728.7 892.2 1,070.8 1,336.4 1,396.0 1,479.7 2,315.0 2,634.6 2,683.8 2,842.3 2,925.2 3,122.7 3,441.0 4,471.4 4,658.3 4,297.6 5,146.1 7,119.4*
Trade balance –131.4 –130.7 –132.7 –128.2 –138.3 –197.4 –184.7 –229.8 –368.4 –324.1 –358.4 –679.1 –710.2 –526.7 –528.0 –541.0 –505.6 –749.4 –1,492.4 –1,330.6 –1,574.3 –2,016.5 –2,869.5*

External Trade (% annual change)

Exports 19.5 30.1 –4.6 21.5 17.5 20.3 33.2 18.9 15.1 10.7 4.6 45.9 17.6 12.1 7.3 3.0 9.8 2.8 10.7 11.7 –18.2 14.9 35.8*
Imports 9.7 19.5 –2.8 14.0 15.0 25.7 22.4 20.0 24.8 4.5 6.0 56.4 13.8 1.9 5.9 2.9 6.7 10.2 29.9 4.2 –7.7 19.7 38.3*
8 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023

Bangladesh
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Direction of Trade calendar year ($ million)

Exports, total 5,589.6 5,735.6 5,443.3 6,229.4 7,585.6 8,494.4 10,852.6 12,243.3 13,627.6 14,377.5 16,496.6 23,099.9 22,250.7 25,912.8 28,433.7 29,924.4 30,195.1 31,392.8 33,775.4 35,919.4 29,924.2 37,848.9 46,851.1
1. United States 1,779.5 1,696.6 1,504.4 1,488.6 1,697.5 2,003.5 2,552.3 2,766.8 2,822.6 2,910.4 3,247.5 3,824.2 3,702.4 3,948.0 4,052.6 4,164.9 3,962.3 3,839.8 4,178.8 4,607.4 4,571.7 7,394.9 9,494.3
2. Germany 607.8 588.2 566.2 849.6 1,101.5 1,143.7 1,605.3 1,757.8 1,803.5 1,832.6 2,074.9 3,251.3 2,970.6 3,440.7 3,878.0 3,857.4 3,837.9 4,042.5 4,428.7 4,557.1 4,151.0 4,866.6 6,215.9
3. United Kingdom 439.5 486.5 531.7 604.1 849.2 794.8 891.8 971.6 1,169.4 1,241.6 1,243.9 1,982.0 1,908.1 2,193.3 2,238.8 2,656.7 2,588.7 2,731.0 2,854.3 3,050.0 2,798.7 3,660.9 4,440.3
4. Spain 71.8 88.4 103.5 158.9 239.8 298.8 380.5 419.3 488.6 494.5 507.4 836.4 845.7 1,010.3 1,229.9 1,412.3 1,495.5 1,670.4 1,915.8 2,085.4 1,911.8 2,380.5 3,128.0
5. France 288.6 308.4 311.5 367.5 526.4 544.5 630.9 705.4 864.4 931.2 997.7 1,450.9 1,164.5 1,354.3 1,466.4 1,504.0 1,549.9 1,588.6 1,687.6 1,881.3 1,555.5 1,897.4 2,765.9
6. Italy 227.9 263.0 216.0 240.8 305.1 326.2 428.1 477.1 528.1 530.6 561.2 869.7 758.6 920.3 1,161.7 1,170.9 1,159.3 1,280.8 1,373.2 1,391.7 1,151.3 1,271.6 1,763.6
7. Poland 8.2 6.6 5.9 6.1 10.2 14.6 26.0 36.3 46.3 56.9 52.9 208.7 287.5 364.8 459.4 511.3 594.0 766.5 943.5 1,083.6 1,061.5 1,432.6 1,732.6
8. India 50.1 60.8 39.3 55.3 66.1 118.9 152.3 215.1 318.8 268.2 320.9 523.0 520.0 473.0 432.0 546.8 642.8 559.7 877.3 980.3 879.5 1,454.6 1,707.4
9. Netherlands 234.1 251.5 207.9 227.4 254.0 241.4 318.3 411.7 647.0 847.6 890.2 831.9 536.8 612.8 654.0 620.1 608.1 833.5 836.5 904.7 882.5 1,330.2 1,713.9
10. Canada 96.6 95.6 82.6 165.5 247.4 275.4 361.4 365.3 435.0 502.3 552.8 783.3 778.2 853.3 778.3 780.1 770.0 789.1 832.2 970.1 805.4 1,155.9 1,543.4

Imports, total 8,861.1 8,997.3 7,839.9 9,816.5 11,572.5 13,836.4 16,080.3 18,466.4 23,832.9 21,819.3 27,771.2 36,148.1 34,159.4 37,477.4 41,635.1 39,413.0 41,248.2 47,751.5 55,318.9 55,095.3 45,858.0 67,282.6 80,161.6
1. China, People’s Republic of 667.5 772.4 910.3 1,090.8 1,445.7 1,870.3 2,332.2 2,771.6 3,511.4 3,524.2 4,681.4 6,575.2 6,092.1 6,972.5 7,846.1 8,848.8 10,028.8 10,433.7 13,144.0 13,265.8 10,862.6 16,913.1 19,599.2
2. India 945.4 1,195.5 1,145.8 1,494.2 1,745.1 1,951.2 2,061.7 2,646.6 3,498.2 2,748.6 3,859.8 4,870.3 4,704.2 5,246.1 6,174.4 5,575.2 5,530.2 7,281.7 8,641.6 6,936.5 6,289.5 11,024.0 12,808.1
3. Singapore 760.9 827.1 905.6 1,040.7 873.1 852.3 965.2 1,137.5 1,682.0 1,646.4 1,492.8 1,431.4 1,560.1 1,970.1 2,408.4 2,038.0 2,101.5 2,739.9 2,879.7 2,592.8 1,675.9 3,842.9 3,536.2
4. Indonesia 193.2 179.5 171.5 209.2 261.1 269.5 312.8 378.7 495.7 584.0 753.2 1,051.3 1,124.8 1,079.7 1,281.3 1,295.8 1,088.9 1,357.8 1,963.2 1,846.7 1,707.1 2,607.0 3,494.5
5. United States 213.9 264.9 234.2 231.1 268.2 326.5 376.7 470.4 428.6 468.1 534.1 787.7 573.1 650.6 876.5 940.2 861.3 1,435.3 1,727.5 1,946.8 2,071.1 2,513.7 2,781.9
6. Malaysia 128.4 146.5 147.8 215.2 274.8 299.7 347.8 327.1 621.2 973.4 1,316.0 1,766.3 1,711.4 1,975.5 1,762.7 1,000.7 957.2 1,195.9 1,507.7 1,649.9 1,230.5 2,347.1 4,107.4
7. Japan 849.7 720.7 594.9 566.7 614.0 571.0 749.8 653.8 974.7 1,009.8 1,162.7 1,430.7 1,346.0 1,183.4 1,431.3 1,533.5 1,835.9 1,671.9 1,886.1 1,827.7 1,785.8 2,421.4 2,420.7
8. Brazil 31.3 36.9 24.4 43.3 120.4 94.1 106.0 211.7 150.0 393.0 419.0 883.8 1,098.7 939.3 984.5 909.2 1,081.0 1,506.6 1,194.2 1,405.0 1,560.0 2,049.1 2,593.4
9. Qatar 2.0 4.2 1.7 5.6 10.7 15.1 22.2 51.8 95.7 68.2 135.8 166.0 130.9 158.6 264.9 209.1 119.3 181.8 494.8 1,413.0 1,054.2 1,268.1 2,877.1
10. Korea, Republic of 347.8 403.7 340.8 367.0 418.6 446.2 514.6 550.6 796.3 804.7 965.5 1,333.7 1,487.8 1,237.7 1,237.3 1,134.7 1,206.0 1,232.2 1,285.5 1,203.9 977.1 1,424.9 1,776.4

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS fiscal year ending 30 June ($ million)

Current account balance –418 –1,098 157 176 176 –557 824 936 702 2,416 3,724 –1,686 –447 2,388 1,409 3,492 4,262 –1,331 –9,567 –4,490 –5,435 –4,575 –18,639*
Balance on goods –1,865 –2,011 –1,768 –2,215 –2,319 –3,297 –2,889 –3,458 –5,330 –4,710 –5,155 –9,935 –9,320 –7,009 –6,794 –6,965 –6,460 –9,472 –18,178 –15,835 –18,569 –23,778 –33,250*
Exports 5,701 6,419 5,929 6,492 7,521 8,573 10,412 12,053 14,151 15,581 16,233 22,592 23,989 26,567 29,777 30,697 33,441 34,019 36,285 39,604 32,121 36,903 49,245*
Imports 7,566 8,430 7,697 8,707 9,840 11,870 13,301 15,511 19,481 20,291 21,388 32,527 33,309 33,576 36,571 37,662 39,901 43,491 54,463 55,439 50,690 60,681 82,495*
Balance on services –645 –914 –499 –691 –874 –870 –1,023 –1,255 –1,525 –1,616 –1,233 –2,612 –3,001 –3,162 –4,096 –3,186 –2,708 –3,288 –4,201 –3,176 –2,578 –3,020 –3,955*
Credit 849 759 865 887 924 1,177 1,340 1,484 1,891 1,832 2,478 2,573 2,694 2,830 3,115 3,084 3,523 3,621 4,540 7,154 6,716 7,439 9,925*
Debit 1,494 1,673 1,364 1,578 1,798 2,047 2,363 2,739 3,416 3,448 3,711 5,185 5,695 5,992 7,211 6,270 6,231 6,909 8,741 10,330 9,294 10,459 13,880*
Balance on primary income –302 –344 –402 –358 –374 –680 –702 –905 –994 –1,484 –1,484 –1,454 –1,549 –2,369 –2,635 –2,252 –1,915 –1,870 –2,641 –2,382 –3,070 –3,172 –3,152*
Credit 97 97 50 64 63 116 136 244 217 95 52 124 193 120 131 76 74 82 146 177 174 217 345*
Debit 399 441 452 422 437 796 838 1,149 1,211 1,579 1,536 1,578 1,742 2,489 2,766 2,328 1,989 1,952 2,787 2,559 3,244 3,389 3,497*
Balance on secondary income 2,394 2,171 2,826 3,440 3,743 4,290 5,438 6,554 8,551 10,226 11,596 12,315 13,423 14,928 14,934 15,895 15,345 13,299 15,453 16,903 18,782 25,395 21,718*
Credit ... ... 2,757 3,358 3,682 4,253 5,313 6,457 8,402 10,154 11,469 12,212 13,317 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Debit ... ... 69 82 61 37 125 97 149 72 127 103 106 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Capital account 561 432 410 428 196 163 375 490 576 451 512 642 482 629 598 496 464 400 331 239 256 458 181*
Credit 561 432 410 428 196 163 375 490 576 451 512 642 482 629 598 496 464 400 331 239 256 458 181*
Debit ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Financial account –116 682 391 413 –31 784 –141 762 –457 –825 –651 651 1,436 2,770 2,855 1,267 944 4,247 9,011 5,130 8,654 14,067 13,775*
Direct investment 383 550 391 376 276 800 743 793 748 961 913 775 1,191 1,726 1,474 1,172 1,285 1,653 1,778 2,628 1,271 1,355 1,827*
Portfolio investment ... ... –6 2 6 ... 32 106 47 –159 –117 109 240 368 937 379 139 457 349 171 44 –269 –158*
Financial derivatives ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Other investment –499 132 6 35 –313 –16 –916 –137 –1,252 –1,627 –1,447 –233 5 676 444 –284 –480 2,137 6,884 2,331 7,339 12,981 12,106*
Net errors and omissions 152 –297 –550 –202 –170 –323 –720 –695 –490 16 –720 –263 –977 –659 621 –882 –634 –147 –632 –700 –306 –676 –697*
Overall balance 179 –281 408 815 171 67 338 1,493 331 2,058 2,865 –656 494 5,128 5,483 4,373 5,036 3,169 –857 179 3,169 9,274 –5,380*
 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023 9

Bangladesh
Item 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Reserves and related items –179 281 –408 –815 –171 –67 –338 –1,493 –331 –2,058 –2,865 656 –494 –5,128 –5,483 –4,373 –5,036 –3,169 857 –179 –3,169 –9,274 5,380*
International investment position ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Balance of Payments (% of GDP at current market prices)

Exports 12.1 13.7 12.5 12.5 13.3 14.2 14.5 15.1 15.4 15.2 14.1 17.6 18.0 17.7 17.2 15.7 12.6 11.6 11.3 11.3 8.6 8.9 10.7*
Imports 16.6 18.6 16.3 16.8 17.6 20.6 18.5 19.5 21.3 19.8 18.6 25.3 25.0 22.4 21.2 19.3 15.0 14.8 16.9 15.8 13.6 14.6 17.9*
Balance on goods –4.0 –4.3 –3.7 –4.3 –4.1 –5.5 –4.0 –4.3 –5.8 –4.6 –4.5 –7.7 –7.0 –4.7 –3.9 –3.6 –2.4 –3.2 –5.7 –4.5 –5.0 –5.7 –7.2*
Balance on services –1.4 –2.0 –1.1 –1.3 –1.6 –1.5 –1.5 –1.6 –1.7 –1.6 –1.1 –2.1 –2.3 –2.1 –2.4 –1.6 –1.0 –1.1 –1.3 –0.9 –0.7 –0.7 –0.9*
Current account balance –0.9 –2.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 –1.0 1.1 1.2 0.8 2.4 3.2 –1.3 –0.3 1.6 0.8 1.8 1.6 –0.5 –3.0 –1.3 –1.5 –1.1 –4.1*
Overall balance 0.4 –0.6 0.9 1.6 0.3 0.1 0.5 1.9 0.4 2.0 2.5 –0.5 0.4 3.4 3.2 2.2 1.9 1.1 –0.3 0.1 0.8 2.2 –1.2*

INTERNATIONAL RESERVES as of end of period ($ million)

Total 1,515.6 1,305.4 1,722.1 2,624.2 3,222.4 2,825.3 3,877.0 5,278.0 5,788.6 10,343.3 11,177.5 9,192.1 12,751.1 18,092.0 22,310.7 27,493.1 32,278.8 33,423.8 32,019.2 32,691.8 43,164.2 46,153.9 33,747.8
Gold, national valuation 29.6 30.4 38.9 46.3 49.9 58.1 71.4 94.6 99.3 124.4 613.2 682.5 719.9 527.7 525.3 469.7 502.8 574.6 566.5 678.9 841.8 805.9 818.3
Foreign exchange 1,485.3 1,273.6 1,680.7 2,574.4 3,170.9 2,766.0 3,803.9 5,182.2 5,686.7 9,499.9 9,904.1 7,775.1 11,393.3 16,579.6 20,796.4 25,801.3 30,294.5 31,289.1 29,973.4 30,648.5 41,035.8 42,851.2 30,049.9
Reserve position in the IMF 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 180.1 190.9 186.5 185.4 193.1 187.7 178.4
SDRs 0.4 1.2 2.2 3.2 1.2 0.9 1.3 0.8 2.1 718.5 659.6 733.8 637.2 984.0 988.1 1,221.2 1,301.4 1,369.2 1,292.9 1,179.0 1,093.4 2,309.2 2,701.2

EXCHANGE RATES (Tk–$)

End of period 54.0 57.0 57.9 58.8 60.7 66.2 69.1 68.6 68.9 69.3 70.7 81.9 79.8 77.8 77.9 78.5 78.7 82.7 83.9 84.9 84.8 85.8 99.0
Average of period 52.1 55.8 57.9 58.2 59.5 64.3 68.9 68.9 68.6 69.0 69.6 74.2 81.9 78.1 77.6 77.9 78.5 80.4 83.5 84.5 84.9 85.1 91.7

EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS as of end of year ($ million)

Total debt outstanding and disbursed 15,600.6 14,978.8 16,687.6 18,440.4 19,714.1 18,503.1 20,160.9 21,523.5 23,346.9 25,377.8 26,571.8 27,046.1 29,156.0 32,453.6 35,268.1 38,695.2 41,553.6 51,041.4 57,089.0 62,427.4 73,507.2 91,429.3 ...
Long-term debt 14,989.5 14,410.2 15,980.8 17,679.8 18,698.3 17,438.9 18,435.6 19,578.9 20,695.2 21,969.8 22,221.5 23,671.9 25,985.9 27,224.4 29,647.1 30,451.6 32,172.5 38,651.2 46,523.3 51,276.3 60,411.8 70,040.1 ...
Public and publicly guaranteed 14,989.5 14,410.2 15,980.8 17,679.8 18,698.3 17,438.9 18,435.6 19,433.5 20,273.6 21,184.7 21,145.5 22,217.9 24,196.8 25,033.6 26,538.4 27,094.0 29,079.6 35,255.8 41,285.4 46,375.6 54,786.7 62,425.2 ...
Private nonguaranteed ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 145.4 421.7 785.2 1,076.0 1,454.0 1,789.2 2,190.8 3,108.7 3,357.6 3,092.9 3,395.4 5,237.9 4,900.7 5,625.1 7,614.9 ...
Short-term debt 334.0 360.7 572.1 617.0 712.0 688.4 1,178.0 1,369.7 1,893.5 1,933.3 2,947.3 2,103.3 1,957.2 3,732.8 4,151.0 6,630.8 7,834.6 10,764.9 9,029.4 9,737.3 10,986.5 18,088.2 ...
Use of IMF credit 277.1 207.8 134.7 143.6 303.8 375.8 547.4 575.0 758.2 1,474.7 1,402.9 1,270.8 1,212.9 1,496.4 1,470.0 1,612.8 1,546.5 1,625.3 1,536.3 1,413.8 2,108.9 3,301.0 ...

External debt (% of GNI) 28.3 26.9 29.3 29.5 29.0 25.5 26.6 25.4 23.7 22.9 21.3 19.5 20.2 20.0 19.1 18.6 15.0 16.8 17.1 17.1 18.9 20.9 ...
Total long-term debt (% of total debt) 96.1 96.2 95.8 95.9 94.8 94.2 91.4 91.0 88.6 86.6 83.6 87.5 89.1 83.9 84.1 78.7 77.4 75.7 81.5 82.1 82.2 76.6 ...
Short-term debt (% of total debt) 2.1 2.4 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.7 5.8 6.4 8.1 7.6 11.1 7.8 6.7 11.5 11.8 17.1 18.9 21.1 15.8 15.6 14.9 19.8 ...
Debt service (% of exports of goods and services) 10.6 9.6 10.2 8.3 7.1 7.6 5.5 7.0 5.3 6.0 5.1 5.6 6.0 6.1 6.1 5.0 4.9 5.8 6.8 13.1 10.5 11.4 ...

Debt service transactions during the year ($ million)

Principal repayments on long-term debt 488.7 424.8 447.3 412.2 451.8 574.8 481.7 744.0 669.3 770.3 820.7 1,081.4 1,142.6 1,438.0 1,547.2 1,290.1 1,325.4 1,468.1 2,033.2 4,680.7 2,871.4 4,206.9 3,936.0
Interest on long-term debt 165.4 158.2 157.3 159.1 175.4 198.9 167.5 187.3 216.9 207.6 203.3 262.5 304.8 315.3 360.4 330.9 376.6 553.1 640.9 808.5 862.6 1,087.7 1,167.8
Interest on short-term debt 22.2 16.0 12.0 13.0 23.7 35.1 58.8 72.0 39.0 23.9 31.8 49.5 28.0 47.2 51.2 87.3 136.7 243.6 298.6 323.9 181.2 209.8 ...

Average terms of new commitments

Interest rate (% per annum) 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.1 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.0 1.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 2.1 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.1 ...
Maturity (years) 26.4 33.1 34.0 31.8 36.6 35.1 33.6 32.3 37.5 25.5 31.6 33.3 28.1 34.7 33.2 32.2 29.4 24.3 27.5 25.8 25.6 25.8 ...
Grace period (years) 7.3 8.5 8.6 8.2 9.4 9.2 8.7 8.2 9.5 7.4 8.5 4.7 7.4 8.6 8.2 7.0 9.1 6.0 6.3 6.9 6.8 6.1 ...
Grant element (%) 30.4 43.8 45.7 45.2 51.9 44.8 39.1 37.3 50.3 30.4 47.8 45.5 36.4 54.4 50.9 48.1 33.4 37.4 36.5 37.4 40.0 39.5 ...

... = data not available; | = marks break in series; – = magnitude equals zero; 0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed; * = provisional, preliminary, estimate, budget figure; $ = United States dollars; fob = free on board; GDP = gross domestic product; GNI = gross national income; IMF = International Monetary Fund;
km² = square kilometer; kWh = kilowatt-hour; m³ = cubic meter; NPISHs = nonprofit institutions serving households; SDRs = special drawing rights; t = metric ton; Tk = taka.

Note: A base year represented as, e.g., 2000/2001, corresponds to the fiscal year (e.g., beginning 1 July 2000 and ending 30 June 2001) and related data are presented in the column for the single year during which most of the fiscal year occurred (e.g., 2001).
10 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023

Bangladesh

a Data are based on the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics Sample Vital Registration System. For 2000–2010, population growth rates are based on annual growth. For 2011–2022, population growth rates are based on intercensal growth between the population censuses of 2001 and 2011.
b Prior to 2016, estimates of GDP at current prices used the 2005/2006 base year. For 2016–2022, estimates of GDP at current prices were rebased using the 2015/2016 base year, reflecting more comprehensive coverage of economic activities and methodological changes.
c For 2000–2010, data include electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply; water supply; and sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities.
d For 2000–2010, data include wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; and accommodation and food service activities.
e For 2000–2010, data include transportation and storage; and information and communication.
f For 2000–2010, accommodation and food service activities are included in wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.
g For 2000–2010, data for information and communication are included in transportation and storage.
h For 2000–2010, real estate activities are included in other service activities.
i For 2011–2015, data include real estate activities; professional, scientific, and technical activities; and administrative and support service activities.
j For 2000–2010, administrative and support service activities are included in other service activities.
k For 2000–2010, data include real estate, renting and business activities; education, health, and social work; and community, social, and personal services. For 2011 onward, data include community, social, and personal services.
l Refers to gross fixed capital formation.
m Gross fixed capital formation includes data on changes in inventories.
n Changes in inventories are included in the gross fixed capital formation data.
o Data includes changes in inventories.
p For 2000–2006, data refer to previous growth rates calculated using the base year 1995/1996; for 2007–2016, using the base year 2005/2006; and for 2017–2022, using the base year 2015/2016.
q For 2000–2002, net current transfers are the sum of net transfers from abroad and net borrowings from abroad.
r In estimating the GDP and GNI per capita, the population as of January is used.
s For 2014, data are from 1 January to 28 February.
t For 2014, data are from July 2013 to April 2014.
u Refers to food, beverages, and tobacco.
v Refers to gross rent, fuel, and lighting.
w Refers to furniture, furnishing, household equipment, and operation.
x Refers to medical care and health expenses.
y Refers to transport and communication.
z Refers to recreation, entertainment, education, and cultural services.
aa For agricultural and industrial products.
ab Refers to broad money liabilities from the Depository Corporations Survey, which included the central bank, deposit money banks, nonbank depository corporations, and post offices.
ac Broad money aggregate M2 includes monetary authority accounts and deposit money bank accounts only.
ad Refers to savings bank accounts with checking facilities.
ae Derived as revenue less expense.
af Derived as revenue less expense, plus the consumption of fixed capital.
ag For 2009 onward, “Others” includes expenditure from other ministries.

Sources:

Population Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Official communication, 10 May 2023; past communication; and http://www.bbs.gov.bd.

Urban population (% of total population) For 2000–2013: BBS. Official communication, 11 June 2014; past communication.
For 2014–2022: United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects 2018. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Country-Profiles/ (accessed 27 April 2023).

Labor Force BBS. Official communication, 10 May 2023; past communication; and http://www.bbs.gov.bd.

National Accounts BBS. Official communication, 10 May 2023; past communication; and http://www.bbs.gov.bd.

Production Indexes

Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT Database. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data (accessed 30 June 2023).

Mining; BBS. Official communication, 10 May 2023; past communication; and http://www.bbs.gov.bd.
Manufacturing;

 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2023 11

Bangladesh
Energy BBS. Official communication, 10 May 2023; past communication; and http://www.bbs.gov.bd.

Crude petroleum For 2000–2004: Government of Bangladesh, Ministry of Finance. Bangladesh Economic Review 2006–2007; past issues.
For 2005–2020: BBS. Official communication, 10 May 2023; past communication; and http://www.bbs.gov.bd.

Price Indexes BBS. Official communication, 10 May 2023; past communication; and http://www.bbs.gov.bd.

Money and Interest Rates Bangladesh Bank. Official communication, 15 February 2023; past communication.

Government Finance Government of Bangladesh, Ministry of Finance. Official communication, 8 May 2022.

External Trade Bangladesh Bank. Official communication, 15 February 2023; past communication.

Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics. https://data.imf.org/ (accessed 30 June 2023).

Balance of Payments Bangladesh Bank. Official communication, 15 February 2023; past communication.

International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics. https://data.imf.org/ (accessed 30 June 2023).

Exchange Rates IMF. International Financial Statistics. https://data.imf.org/ (accessed 30 June 2023).

External Indebtedness World Bank. International Debt Statistics. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/international-debt-statistics# (accessed 30 June 2023).