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Conditional Sentences

The document describes four types of conditional sentences in English: zero conditional sentences which describe general facts, first conditional sentences which predict likely future events, second conditional sentences which refer to unlikely or imaginary situations, and third conditional sentences which express regret about hypothetical past situations. It provides examples of sentence structures and uses for each type of conditional sentence.

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Irene Wong
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199 views9 pages

Conditional Sentences

The document describes four types of conditional sentences in English: zero conditional sentences which describe general facts, first conditional sentences which predict likely future events, second conditional sentences which refer to unlikely or imaginary situations, and third conditional sentences which express regret about hypothetical past situations. It provides examples of sentence structures and uses for each type of conditional sentence.

Uploaded by

Irene Wong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A.

Zero Conditional Sentences – facts / generally true (100%)


 If you put butter under the sun, the butter melts. (present simple +
present simple)
 Butter melts if you put it under the sun.

B. First Conditional Sentences – predict future results of very likely action /


possibility (95%)
 If you study hard, you will pass.
 IF SHE STUDIES, SHE WILL PASS. (present simple + WILL)
 You will pass if you study hard.

C. Second Conditional Sentences – imaginary situations or events and their


results (0%)
 If I had a lot of money, I would buy a whole building. (past simple +
WOULD)
 I would buy you a car if I had a lot of money.
 If you were a world leader, what would you do to help make the world
a better place to live in?

D. Third Conditional Sentences – imaginary situations in the past and


how things could have been different / to express regret or criticism
 If I had studied harder, I would have passed my exam. (past perfect +
would have+past participle)
 If I hadn’t eaten too much, I wouldn’t have felt so ill.
 If you had listened, you wouldn’t have cried so much.

If you put butter under the hot sun, it melts. (present simple + present simple)

A. First Conditional Sentences (SB page 32) – to make prediction & its result
If I study hard, I will pass my exams. (present simple + will )

B. Second Conditional Sentences (SB page 46) – imaginary situation & its
result
If I won lottery, I would fly to Paris with all of you. (past simple + would)

C. Third Conditional Sentences (SB page 98) – to express regret or criticism


If I had studied harder, I would have passed my exam. (past perfect + would
have+past participle)
If I hadn’t eaten too much, I wouldn’t have felt so ill.
If you had listened, you wouldn’t have cried so much.

Past perfect in IF Would have + past participle


clause

If I had seen her, I would have offered her a lift.


Had phoned Would have come
Hadn’t gone Wouldn’t have arrived
Had left Wouldn’t have been
Had driven Would have arrived
Had got Would have seen
Had listened Would have known
Hadn’t been Wouldn’t have cut
Had had Would have called
Hadn’t been Wouldn’t have got
Had worked Would have passed
Had been Would have bought
Hadn’t been Would have booked
Had stopped Wouldn’t have run out
Had looked Would have known
Had lost Would you have done
Hadn’t been Wouldn’t have gone
Had found Would you have taken
Could have parked Wouldn’t have used
Had needed Would have waited

2. We wouldn't have got lost if you hadn't forgotten the satnav.


If you hadn't forgotten the satnav, we wouldn't have got lost.

3. I would have got on the plane if I had had my passport with me.
4. The train wouldn't have been late if there hadn't been snow on the line.
If there hadn't been snow on the line, the train wouldn't have been late.
5. If the driver had seen the red light, the car wouldn't have crashed.
6. We would have taken the cable car if we hadn't wanted to walk up the
mountain.

1. …on holiday last summer if you had had a choice?


2. what would you have done if you had felt ill this morning?
3. what would you have bought last weekend if you had had lots of money
4. what would you have done if today had been a public holiday?
5. What film would you have seen if you had gone to the cinema last night?
6. What would you have eaten yesterday evening if you had had the choice?
7.

2. If Emma hadn’t caught the bus, she would have had to walk to school.
3. If the tickets hadn’t been expensive, I would have travelled by plane.
4. If I hadn’t eaten too much, I wouldn’t have felt ill.
5. If I hadn’t spent all my money, I wouldn’t have been broke.
6. If I hadn’t taken a painkiller, my headache wouldn’t have gone away.
7. If we had saved a lot of money, we would have been able to buy a new car.

Upper Int SB page 88:


1 We got a taxi so we weren't late.
If we hadn't got a taxi, we would have been late.
2 I bought some new glasses because I broke my old ones.

If I hadn't broken my old glasses, I wouldn't have bought some new ones. /
I wouldn't have bought some new glasses if I hadn't broken my old ones.

3 Jane's exhausted so she won't go to the party.

3 If Jane wasn't/weren't exhausted, she would go to the party./


Jane would go to the party if she wasn't/weren't exhausted.

4 The dog got out because Harry had left the door open.

4 If Harry hadn't left the door open, the dog wouldn't have got out./
The dog wouldn't have got out if Harry hadn't left the door open.

5 I can't find his number so I can't call him.

5 If I could find his number, I could call him./


I could call him if I could find his number.

6 They fell off their bikes because the road was icy.

6 If the road hadn't been icy, they wouldn't have fallen off their bikes. / They
wouldn't have fallen off their bikes if the road hadn't been icy.

7 We didn't realise you were coming so we didn't wait.

7 If we had realised you were coming, we would have waited. /


We would have waited if we had realised you were coming.
8 You feel tired because you don't get enough sleep.

8 If you got enough sleep, you wouldn't feel tired. /


You wouldn't feel tired if you got enough sleep.

Answers:
2 If I hadn't broken my old glasses, I wouldn't have bought some new ones. /
I wouldn't have bought some new glasses if I hadn't broken my old ones.

3 If Jane wasn't/weren't exhausted, she would go to the party./


Jane would go to the party if she wasn't/weren't exhausted.

4 If Harry hadn't left the door open, the dog wouldn't have got out./
The dog wouldn't have got out if Harry hadn't left the door open.

5 If I could find his number, I could call him./


I could call him if I could find his number.
6 If the road hadn't been icy, they wouldn't have fallen off their bikes. / They
wouldn't have fallen off their bikes if the road hadn't been icy.

7 If we had realised you were coming, we would have waited. /


We would have waited if we had realised you were coming.

8 If you got enough sleep, you wouldn't feel tired. /


You wouldn't feel tired if you got enough sleep.

Grammar Builder 8.1 page 139 (write second conditional sentences)


Example: I can’t play football today because I am busy.
If I weren’t busy, I could play football today.

1 She's from Brazil, so she speaks Portuguese.

2. Max doesn't drive because he's too young.

3 It's winter, so the weather is cold.

4 I don't remember his address, so I can't visit him.

5 They're making toast because they're hungry.

6 She can't swim, so she won't come to the beach.

7 I don't trust him, so I won't be his friend.


2 If she weren't from Brazil, she wouldn't speak Portuguese. / She wouldn't
speak Portuguese if she weren't from Brazil.
3 If Max wasn't/weren't too young, he would drive. / Max would drive if he
wasn't/ weren't too young.
4 If it wasn't/weren't winter, the weather wouldn't be cold. / The weather
wouldn't be cold if it wasn't/weren't winter.
5 If I remembered his address, I could visit him./I could visit him if I
remembered his address.
6 If they weren't hungry, they wouldn't be making toast. /They wouldn't be
making toast if they weren't hungry.
7 If she could swim, she would come to the beach. / She would come to the
beach if she could swim.
8 If I trusted him, I would be his friend. / I would be his friend if I trusted him.

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