Name Class Time

Math 2250 Maple Project 1

Spring 2009

Due date: See the internet due dates. Maple lab 1 has four problems L1.1, L1.2, L1.3, L1.4.
Submitted work. Please submit one stapled package, the top sheet handwritten. The final pages are appendices made
by printing one or more maple work sheets. Hand work should do the steps shown in examples below. Maple code is
expected to parallel the code given in the examples below.
Tutorials. Students without maple exposure should attend one of the maple tutorials held for 2250 in the second week
of the semester. The brave may start their own tutorial by attempting this lab unaided or by starting with the maple
online tutorial; see Example 3 below.
References: Code in maple appears in 2250mapleL1-S2009.txt at URL http://www.math.utah.edu/~gustafso/s2009/.
This document: 2250mapleL1-S2009.pdf.

Problem L1.1. (Quadratic equation)

Solve the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 and display its factorization:
(A) a = 8, b = 22, c = 15;
(B) a = 1, b = 2, c = 6;
(C) a = 2, b = 16, c = 32.
In your solution, show the solution steps by hand and also the maple code which checks the answer. Details should
parallel those of Example 1, below.

Problem L1.2. (Functions and plotting)

Define the following functions and plot domains, then plot them.
(A) sin(10πx), 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.
(B) |5 ln(4 + x) − 1|,−1 ≤ x ≤ 3.
(C) Let a = 7, b = 6, c = π/12, t0 = 15. Plot a + b cos(c(t − t0 )), 0 ≤ t ≤ 48.
(D) sinh(2 sin(θ) + 3 cos(θ)), −π ≤ θ ≤ π.
In the four solutions, show only the maple code and the graphics. Please shrink the graphics to about 1/4 page, before
printing. See Example 2 and Hint L1.2 below.

Problem L1.3. (Derivatives)

Compute the indicated derivative(s) by hand and then check your answer in maple.

dy (x − 1)2
(A) ,y= 3 + xe−2x + cos(ln(x2 + 1))
dx x +1
(B) ∂x z, ∂y z, z = cosh x sinh 2y + ey tan 3x
(C) ∂c1 u, ∂c2 u, ∂c3 u, u = c1 x2 + c2 + c3 xe2x
(D) ∂x ∂y w, w = esin(xy) tan(ln(x2 y 2 + 1))

Problem L1.4. (Jacobian)

Compute the Jacobian matrix and determinant at x = y = 0 by hand and then check your answer in maple.

(A) z = sinh(x + 2y) + ln(exy + 1) + tan(x) tan(y)

(B) z = sec(ln(x2 y 2 + 1))

Start the hand solution on this page. Staple this page on top of the maple work sheets.
Examples on the next page . . .
Hint on L1.2: Investigate the help panels for cos , abs , exp , sinh and sin . See Example 3 for details on how
to do this. The constant π is coded in maple as Pi , the upper and lowercase letters being significant. A common
error is to code c=Pi; instead of the correct c:=Pi; . The error message empty plot can mean that a variable name
is undefined. For example, plot(x+PI,x=0..1); will not plot. To see why, use p:=plot(x+PI,x=0..1); to display
the plot data. The offending undefined variable name is PI, which is different than Pi or pi.

Example 1. Solve 2x2 + 8x + 12 = 0 by hand and check using maple.

√ √
Solution: Divide by 2. Then square-completion (x + 2)2 + 2 = 0 gives conjugate roots x = −2 + 2i, x = −2 − 2i.
√ the quadratic equation has factors (x − root 1) and (x − root 2). Then
By the root-factor theorem of√college algebra,
the factorization is 2(x + 2 − 2i)(x + 2 + 2i) = 0, because FOIL expansion gives leading term 2x2 .
The roots may also be found from the quadratic formula, in which case the root and factor theorems of algebra apply
to translate each root x = r into a factor x − r of the quadratic equation.
The maple check reproduces the original quadratic equation from its factors and leading coefficient. The maple code is

eq:=2*x^2+8*x+12:
ans:=[solve(eq=0,x)];
eq1:=2*(x-ans[1])*(x-ans[2])=0;
expand(eq1);

Notation: Square brackets delimit an array, e.g., F:=[-1,3,5]; defines array F with three elements −1, 3, 5. Symbol
F[1] extracts the first element from array F, while F[2] extracts the second element.

Example 2. Define a function y = x2 + 5x + 6 on −4 ≤ x ≤ −1 using maple and plot it.

Solution: The maple code which applies is

f:=unapply(x^2+5*x+6,x): a:=-4: b:=-1:

plot(f(x),x=a..b);

The construct f:=unapply(xˆ2+5*x+6,x) is an inline function definition. Subsequent use of the symbol f requires
two parentheses and a function argument, e.g., f(x), f(-1.1) are valid.
The inline function definition f:=x->xˆ2+5*x+6 uses a minus sign − and a greater than sign > to separate the
variable name x from the function definition xˆ2+5*x+6 . This alternative construction may appear in later maple
code. In this elementary example, there is no difference between the two constructs. The maple function unapply is
more robust and produces fewer surprises for novice maple users.

3x4
Example 3. Compute the derivative of y = + sin 2x + ex cos 3x and check the answer in maple.
(x + 1)2
Solution: The hand solution uses the quotient rule, chain rule and product rule. Let y = y1 + y2 + y3 , where
3x4
y1 = , y2 = sin 2x and y3 = ex cos 3x. Then
(x + 1)2
(top)0 (bot) − (top)(bot)0
y10 =
(bot)2
12x (x + 1)2 − 6x2 (x + 1)
2
=
(x + 1)4
y20 = 2 cos 2x by the chain rule
y30 = (first)0 (second) + (first)(second)0
= ex cos 3x − 3ex sin 3x.
The code for maple:

y1:=3*x^4/(x+1)^2: y2:=sin(2*x): y3:=exp(x)*\cos(3*x):

y1prime:=diff(y1,x);
y2prime:=diff(y2,x);
y3prime:=diff(y3,x);
yprime:=y1prime+y2prime+y3prime;

2
The displayed answer for y 0 :
x3 x4
12 2 −6 3 + 2 cos (2 x) + ex cos (3 x) − 3 ex sin (3 x)
(x + 1) (x + 1)

∂z ∂z
Example 4. Given z = 2y + xy + (3x + 4y)2 , compute and and check the answer.
∂x ∂y
∂z ∂z
Solution: By hand, using the chain rule, = 0 + y + 6(3x + 4y) and = 2 + x + 8(3x + 4y). The maple answer
∂x ∂y
check:

z:=2*y+x*y+(3*x+4*y)^2:
dzdx:=diff(z,x);dzdy:=diff(z,y);
!
∂x z1 ∂y z1 ∂x z1 ∂y z1
Example 5. Compute the Jacobian matrix and its determinant at x = y = 0:
∂x z2 ∂y z2 ∂x z2 ∂y z2

z1 = (3x + y + 1)2 , z2 = xy + 2x + 3y

Solution: The hand solution:

a = ∂x z1 (0, 0) = 6(3x + y + 1)|x=y=0 = 6,
b = ∂y z1 (0, 0) = 2(3x + y + 1)|x=y=0 = 2,
c = ∂x z2 (0, 0) = (y + 2 + 0)|x=y=0 = 2,
d = ∂y z2 (0, 0) = (x + 0 + 3)|x=y=0 = 3.
Then    
a b 6 2
Jacobian(0, 0) = = ,
c d 2 3
a b
det(Jacobian)(0, 0)) = = ad − bc = 18 − 4 = 14.
c d
The code for maple:

z1:=(3*x+y+1)^2: z2:=x*y+2*x+3*y:
J:=VectorCalculus[Jacobian]([z1,z2],[x,y]);
DJ:=LinearAlgebra[Determinant](J);
subs(x=0,y=0,J);
subs(x=0,y=0,DJ);

The answers from maple:

a = 18x + 6y + 6, b = 6x + 2y + 2, c = y + 2, d = x + 3,
 
6 2 6 2
J= , DJ = 18x2 + 48x + 12y + 14 − 2y 2 , det(J) = = 14.
2 3 2 3

Example 6. Get maple help.

Solution: Get help on maple’s unapply function by entering ?unapply into a maple worksheet. The question mark
precedes the maple keyword. All maple help has examples, normally at the end of the help sheet. Here are some
keywords to try:

unapply, plot, expand, factor, ifactor, solve, fsolve, array, set, for, do, parse, plot3d,
dsolve, int, diff, newuser, exp, sin, cos, tan, sinh, cosh, ln, log

Example 7. Run the maple tutorial in maple versions 6 to 12.

Solution: In a maple worksheet, enter ?newuser and choose the New User’s Tour. In the tour, you will learn some
basics of maple.

End of Maple Lab 1.