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Web Application Servers

The document discusses web application servers and their role in connecting web browsers to backend applications and data repositories. Web application servers support technologies like static HTML, CGI, EJBs, and servlets to dynamically generate content. Servlets in particular are Java programs that run on a Java enabled web server to provide dynamic HTML pages in response to client requests, connecting the client to the servlet runtime environment.

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48 views2 pages

Web Application Servers

The document discusses web application servers and their role in connecting web browsers to backend applications and data repositories. Web application servers support technologies like static HTML, CGI, EJBs, and servlets to dynamically generate content. Servlets in particular are Java programs that run on a Java enabled web server to provide dynamic HTML pages in response to client requests, connecting the client to the servlet runtime environment.

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15 Web Application Servers

In recent years, the World Wide Web has evolved from a netwark of
static information to a dynamic application deployment and man-
agement system.

15.1
Architecture and Components
Today's e-business solutions are usually designed in a multi-tier
architecture. In this design paradigm, the Web Application Server is
the key component that connects a Web browser front-end with
back -end applications (Figure 15.1). Web applications connect to
databases, Enterprise Resource Planning Systems, or other external
data repositaries to get access to the requested content.

ellent Web Server Bacl<end Figure 15,1 :


Multi-tier
Architecture
of e-business
Solutions

The success of this architecture is based on the fact that the Web
browser is a low-cost, universal, and easy-to-configure frontend
client
Today, several technologies are used to develop applications far
Web servers:

• Static HTML Requests: The basic procedure of serving HTML


requests is the most common and the simplest task a Web
Server can perform. The Client sends an HTTP request to the

15.1 Architecture and Components • 327


•
•
U. Hansmann et al., Pervasive Computing Handbook
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001
Web Server, the Web Server retrieves the data from the server's
file system and sends it to the dient.
• Common Gateway Interface (CGI): CGI was an early solution
for the problem of creating interactive web-based applications.
These applications can call CGI programs through the Web
Server. They assemble HTML web pages dynamically, which
are returned to the dient.
• Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs) : A very powerful part of a Web
Application Server is EJB support. EJBs provide an infrastruc-
ture of services and functionality to access databases and other
back-end data repositories. They help the programmer to focus
on the application without having to cancern about the server
specific infrastructure.
• Servlets: Similar to CGI programs servlets are Java programs
which dynamically produce HTML pages for given dient re-
quests.

More details on EJBs and Servlets can be found in the following


sections.

15.1.1
Java Servlets
Servlets can be defined as server side Java dasses which are platform-
and protocol-independent and run in a Java enabled Web server to
provide dynamic HTML content to dients. Initially, servlets were
supported in the Java Web Server from JavaSoft.
Java Enabled Web Server
Figure 15.2:
The Basic
SeNlet Process Servlet Runtime
Flow
ellent

~}J:":;"~.Ji' ... ,~"f--::'t"'c'"


i <t'.I.'. .,.. .,Servlet n
~~-f"
, •
",

The basic process flow in a Servlet takes the following steps:

1. The requests are sent by the dient to the server.

328 • 15 Web Application Servers


•
•

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