th

Class 10
Social Science
Geography
Agriculture
 Agriculture

Assertion (A): The Bhoodan-Gramdan movement initiated by Vinoba Bhave is also known as the Bloodless
Revolution.
Reason (R): Due to this revolution, drastic land reforms occurred where lands were donated to the poor
landless farmers without any violence.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

C. (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.

D. (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.

 Agriculture

Types of farming

Primitive Subsistence Intensive Subsistence Commercial Farming

- Practised on small land. - Farmers produce maximum output - Use of higher doses of
- Uses primitive tools from limited land. modern inputs in order to
-hoe, dao, digging sticks. - Right of inheritance and its obtain higher productivity.
- Depends on monsoon & association with intensive - Interface of agriculture
natural fertility of soil. subsistence forming and industry where a
- Called different names in - Labour intensive compared to single crop is grown on a
different parts of country. farming. large area for profit
(Slash and burn) - High doses of biochemicals & earning.
irrigation required for higher - Plantation is also a type
production. of commercial farming.
 Agriculture

Raghu was an Indian farmer during the 1950s. Which of the following institutional reforms would he have
witnessed in the 1950s?

A. Package technology being used in agriculture.

B. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) being launched.

C. Establishment of the Grameen banks.

D. Abolition of the zamindari system.

 Agriculture

Most Probable questions from this topic

Explain any four characteristics of commercial farming in India.

● Major characteristics of commercial farming in India are given below

● Commercial farming is crop selective and aims to provide raw materials for industries.
● It is done for selling the agricultural products in the market or for exports.
● It requires intensive use of modern inputs like High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, chemical
fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides etc to increase productivity.
● Commercial farming induces development activities in transport, connectivity and
processing industries.
 Agriculture

Most Probable questions from this topic

Write three points of difference between primitive subsistence farming and intensive
subsistence farming.

Three points of difference between primitive subsistence farming and intensive subsistence farming are as follows
Primitive Subsistence Farming
● This type of farming is done on very small patches of land.
● In this type of farming primitive tools like hoe, digging sticks are used for cultivation.
● This agriculture is dependent on rainfall and natural fertility of the soil.
Intensive Subsistence Farming
● In this type of farming, the land holdings are comparatively bigger.
● In this type of farming modern agricultural inputs like chemical fertilizers, HYV seeds, machines are used
wherever suitable.
● In this type of farming means of irrigation like tubewells, canals are used. Soil fertility is also increased by the use
of fertilisers
 Agriculture

Cropping pattern

Ninja Technique Kharif Rabi Zaid

Sowing period Onset of monsoon In winter March - April

[June - July] [October - November]

Harvesting period In September - October Summer [March - April] May - June

Crops Paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, Wheat, barley, peas gram and Watermelon, muskmelon,
tur, moong, urad, cotton, mustards. cucumber, vegetable and
jute, groundnut and soybean. fodder crops.

Irrigation Rainfall Western temperate cyclone and Private source of irrigation

canals Ex. Tubewell, lakes & well
 Agriculture

Most Probable questions from this topic

How many cropping seasons are found in India? Name them and write a short note on each.

There are three cropping seasons found in India. These can be explained as follows:
Rabi Season:
● Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
● Some Rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard
● Availability of precipitation due to western temperate cyclones helps these crops to grow.
Kharif Season:
● Kharif Crops are sown with the onset of monsoon and harvested in September- October.
● Some examples are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soya bean.
● They are grown in Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
and Maharashtra, particularly the (Konkan coast), Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
Zaid Season:
● There is a short growing season during the summer months known as the Zaid season.
● This season is between the Rabi and Kharif season.
● Some Zaid crops are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops.
 Cultivation Annual rainfall
Crops - GrainsState
Crops Temperature Key Point
season required

Odisha and India is the second-largest producer

Rice Kharif Above 25o C Above 100 cm
coastal state of rice.

Second most important crop in the

10o - 15o C during and Punjab, Haryana,
Wheat Rabi 50 - 75 cm country, main food crop in north &
25o - 28o C at ripening and U.P
north-west.

Coarse grains & have very high

o o
Jowar Kharif Average 26 - 33 C 45 - 100 cm Maharashtra nutritional value. Third most
important crop.

Coarse grains & have very high

Bajra Kharif 20o - 28o C 40 - 75 cm Rajasthan
nutritional value.

Ragi Kharif 18o - 28o C 60 - 80 cm Karnataka “ “

Maize Kharif 21o - 27o C 50 - 75 cm Karnataka Used as both food and fodder.

Leguminous crops, plays role in

o o
Pulses Both 20 - 30 C 50 - 75 cm MP nitrogen fixation. India is the largest
producer as well as consumer.
 Agriculture

Most Probable questions from this topic

Name the two most important staple food crops of India. Name the states where they are
produced. Write the geographical conditions required for their growth.

Geographical Conditions Rice Wheat

Soil Clay or clay loam (good water retention Well-drained fertile soil, heavy textured soil
capacity) with lime, clayey loamy soil or black soil
Above 25°C 10°-15°C during growth and 25°-28°C at the
Temperature time of ripening.
Rainfall 50-75
Above 100 cm
Cropping season Rabi season
Kharif season
Ganga-Satluj plains , of Uttar Pradesh,
West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Uttar Pradesh,
States where crops grown Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Deccan
Punjab and Odisha
region of Madhya Pradesh
 Agriculture
Crops - Other than Grains

Annual rainfall
Crops Cultivation season Temperature State Key Point
required

21o - 27o C (Hot & Main source of sugar, gur,

Sugarcane Annual 75 - 100 cm UP
humid) Khandsari etc.

Kharif
(groundnut), Rabi Used as cooking medium and
Depends on the Depends on the Groundnut
Oil seeds (linseed and raw material in the production of
crop crop (Gujarat)
mustard) and both soap, cosmetics, and ointments.
(castor)

Frequent evenly distributed

Tea Plantation 10o - 30o C Above 200 cm Assam
rainfall

Arabica variety is produced in

Coffee Plantation 23o - 28o C 150 - 200 cm Karnataka
the country.

Horticulture
Zaid / Any - - - Fruits and vegetable.
crops
 Agriculture

Most Probable questions from this topic

Name the two major beverage crops grown A in India. Highlight the conditions required for their
growth.

Tea and coffee are the two major beverage crops grown in India. Tea and coffee are grown in:
Coffee:
● Coffee grows in areas having with temperature between 15°C and 28°C and rainfall of
about 150 cm to 200 cm.
● The area should have rich, well drained and loamy soil
● In India, it grows in hills around Nilgiris, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Tea:
● Tea grows in areas with temperature between 20°C to 30°C and rainfall of about 150 cm to
200 cm.
● It grows in well-drained soil. In India, it grows in Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and
Kerala.
 Agriculture

Match the items of Column A with those of Column B.

Column A (Fruits) Column B (Significant Areas of Growth)

(A) Guava (I) Jammu and Kashmir
(B) Orange (II) Kerala
(C) Apple (III) Uttar Pradesh
(D) Banana (IV) Maharashtra (Nagpur)

A. (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

B. (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

C. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

D. (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)

 Agriculture

Non - Food Crops

Cultivation Annual rainfall Key Point

Crops Temperature State
season required

Plantation Important industrial raw

Rubber Above 25o C Above 200 cm Kerala
crop material.

210 frost free days and Maharashtra and India is believed to be the
Cotton Kharif 85 - 110 cm
sunshine Gujarat original home.

Jute Kharif High temperature Above 200 cm West Bengal Golden fiber.
 Agriculture

Technological and Institutional reforms Need?

Phase – I (after Independence) Phase – II (1960’s & 1970s) Phase – III (1980’s & 1990s)

- Collectivisation, consolidation - Green revolution the white - Comprehensive land development

of land holdings & cooperation. revolution programme.
- Abolition of the zamandari - Concentration of development - Crop insurance.
system. in few selected areas. - Establish Grameen banks &
- Land reforms. cooperative societies for providing
loans to farmers at low rates of
interests.
- Kissan Credit Card (KCC) & Personal
Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS).
- Special weather bulletins for farmers.

Bhoodan - Gramdan Vinoba Bhave → Pochampalli, AP → Shri Ram Chandra Reddy → Bloodless Revolution
 Agriculture

Most Probable questions from this topic

What are the technological and institutional reforms taken by the government to ensure the
increase in agricultural production.

Government has initiated many institutional and technological reforms for increasing production
and productivity in agriculture sector.
Among technological reforms, major initiatives are
● Promotion of Green Revolution, White Revolution, etc.
● Promotion of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers pesticides, etc.
● Promotion of drip irrigation or other irrigation techniques for better production.
● Power supply for irrigation, etc.
Among institutional reforms, major initiatives are
● Land reform including collectivisation, consolidation of land holding etc.
● Financial assistance to farmers like subsidies, insurance against crop failure and personal
harm, Kisan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) and so on.
 Agriculture

The 'slash and burn' agriculture is known as 'Roca' in which one of the following countries?

A. Mexico

B. Indonesia

C. Brazil

D. Venezuela
 Agriculture
Key Words

Slash and burn Agriculture : Slash and Burn Green Revolution : Green Revolution A significant increase in
Agriculture: It is a widely used method of growing agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of High
food in which wild or forested land is clear-cut and Yielding Variety (HYV) of seeds, me use of chemical fertilisers and
any remaining vegetation burned. The resulting pesticides and improved management techniques.
layer of ash provides the newly-cleared land with a
nutrient-rich layer to help fertilize crops.
Equatorial Crop : Equatorial crop The crops grown in the
equatorial region which remains hot and humid throughout the
Plantation Farming : In this type of farming, a single year such as rubber, tea, coffee etc.
crop is grown on a large area. The plantation has an
interface of agriculture and industry. Plantations
cover large Tracts of land, using capital intensive
Seri culture : The cultivation of silkworms to produce silk.
inputs, with the help of migrant labourers.

Beverage Crops : Beverage crop Crop which is Minimum Support Price : Minimum Support Price Price at which
processed and used to make a liquid that is fit for government purchases crops from the farmers.
human consumption.
 Agriculture
Key Words

White Revolution : Also called Operation Flood", Bhoodan - Crramdan : Bhoodan movement was initiated by
this revolution aimed at increasing the production Vinoba Bhave. To solve the problem of landless labourers, he
of milk by setting up milk processing centres, milk undertook a padyatra (Journey on Foot). As a result, rich
cooperatives, good transport system. India is the landlords offered their lands and villages to landless agricultural
largest producer of milk. laboures. This movement is also known as blood less revolution

Land Reform : Also called agrarian reforms, these

Golden Fiber : Jute is called the golden fibre because of its colour
were initiated by the Government of India for
and high cash value in the market Jute grows well in well-drained
redistribution of agricultural land to improve and
fertile soils in the flood plains where soils are renewed every
the efficiency of agriculture and bring social justice
year.
to the rural people.