Created by T.

Madas

COMPLEX
NUMBERS
(Exam Questions II)

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**)
By finding a suitable Cartesian locus for the complex z plane, shade the region R that
satisfies the inequality

z − 3 ≤ z + 3i .

x+ y ≥0

Question 2 (**)

z 4 = −16 , z ∈  .

a) Determine the solutions of the above equation, giving the answers in the form
a + bi , where a and b are real numbers.

b) Plot the roots of the equation as points in an Argand diagram.

z = 2 ( ±1 ± i )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (**)
A transformation from the z plane to the w plane is defined by the complex function

3− z
w= , z ≠ −1 .
z +1

The locus of the points represented by the complex number z = x + iy is transformed to

the circle with equation w = 1 in the w plane.

Find, in Cartesian form, an equation of the locus of the points represented by the
complex number z .

x =1

Question 4 (**)

z5 = i , z ∈  .

a) Solve the equation, giving the roots in the form r eiθ , r > 0, − π < θ ≤ π .

b) Plot the roots of the equation as points in an Argand diagram.

iπ iπ π
i 910 π
−i 310 π
−i 710
z = e 10 , z =e 2, z=e , z=e , z=e

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (**)

z −1 − i = 4 , z ∈  .

a) Sketch, in a standard Argand diagram, the locus of the points that satisfy the
above equation.

b) Find the minimum and maximum value of z for points that lie on this locus.

FP1-N , zmin = 4 − 2 , zmin = 4 + 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (**)
The complex number z represents the point P ( x, y ) in the Argand diagram.

Given that

z −1 = 2 z + 2 ,

show that the locus of P is given by

( x + 3)2 + y 2 = 4 .

proof

Question 7 (**)
Find an equation of the locus of the points which lie on the half line with equation

π
arg z = , z≠0
4

after it has been transformed by the complex function

1
w= .
z

π
arg w = −
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (**)
The complex number z = x + iy represents the point P in the complex plane.

Given that

1
z= , z≠0
z

determine a Cartesian equation for the locus of P .

x2 + y 2 = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (**)
Sketch, on the same Argand diagram, the locus of the points satisfying each of the
following equations.

a) z − 3 + i = 3.

b) z = z − 2i .

Give in each case a Cartesian equation for the locus.

c) Shade in the sketch the region that is satisfied by both these inequalities

z −3+i ≤ 3
z ≥ z − 2i

( x − 3)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 9 , y =1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (**)
The complex function

1
w= , z ≠ 1, z ∈ , z ≠ 1
z −1

transforms the point represented by z = x + iy in the z plane into the point represented
by w = u + iv in the w plane.

Given that z satisfies the equation z = 1 , find a Cartesian locus for w .

u =−1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (**)

a) Sketch on the same Argand diagram the locus of the points satisfying each of
the following equations.

i. z −i = z −2 .

π
ii. arg ( z − 2 ) = .
2

b) Shade in the sketch the region that is satisfied by both these inequalities

π 2π
z −i ≤ z −2 and ≤ arg ( z − 2 ) ≤ .
2 3

sketch

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (**)
The complex function w = f ( z ) is given by

3− z
w= where z ∈ , z ≠ −1 .
z +1

A point P in the z plane gets mapped onto a point Q in the w plane.

The point Q traces the circle with equation w = 3 .

Show that the locus of P in the z plane is also a circle, stating its centre and its radius.

( )
centre − 3 ,0 , radius = 3
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13 (**)
The general point P ( x, y ) which is represent by the complex number z = x + iy in the
z plane, lies on the locus of

z = 1.

A transformation from the z plane to the w plane is defined by

z +3
w= , z ≠ −1 ,
z +1

and maps the point P ( x, y ) onto the point Q ( u, v ) .

Find, in Cartesian form, the equation of the locus of the point Q in the w plane.

u=2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14 (**)
The point P represented by z = x + iy in the z plane is transformed into the point Q
represented by w = u + iv in the w plane, by the complex transformation

2z
w= , z ≠ 1.
z −1

The point P traces a circle of radius 2 , centred at the origin O .

Find a Cartesian equation of the locus of the point Q .

2
( u−8
3 ) + v 2 = 16
9

Question 15 (**)
The point P represents the complex number z = x + iy in an Argand diagram.

It is further given that z 2 − 1 is purely imaginary for all values of z .

Find a Cartesian equation of the locus that P is tracing in the Argand diagram.

x2 − y2 = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16 (**+)
The complex number z represents the point P ( x, y ) in the Argand diagram.

Given that

z −1 = 2 z − i ,

show that the locus of P is a circle, stating its centre and radius.

( x + 1)2 + ( y − 2 )2 = 4 , ( −1, 2 ) , r = 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17 (**+)
The complex numbers z = x + iy and w = u + iv are represented by the points P and
Q , respectively, in separate Argand diagrams.

The two numbers are related by the equation

1
w= , z ≠ −1 .
z +1

If P is moving along the circle with equation

( x + 1)2 + y 2 = 4 ,

find in Cartesian form an equation of the locus of the point Q .

u 2 + v2 = 1
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18 (**+)

z − 2i = 1 , z ∈  .

a) In the Argand diagram, sketch the locus of the points that satisfy the above
equation.

b) Find the minimum value and the maximum value of z , and the minimum
value and the maximum of arg z , for points that lie on this locus.

π 2π
z min = 1 , z max = 3 , arg zmin = , arg zmax =
3 3

Question 19 (**+)
The complex number z represents the point P ( x, y ) in the Argand diagram.

Given that

z + 1 = 2 z − 2i ,

show that the locus of P is a circle and state its radius and the coordinates of its centre.

( 13 , 83 ) , r=2 5
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 20 (**+)
A transformation from the z plane to the w plane is defined by the equation

z + 2i
w= , z ≠ 2.
z−2

Find in the w plane, in Cartesian form, the equation of the image of the circle with
equation z = 1 , z ∈  .

2 2
(u + 13 ) + ( v + 34 ) =8
9

Question 21 (**+)
Find the cube roots of the imaginary unit i , giving the answers in the form a + bi ,
where a and b are real numbers.

z1 = 3 + 1 i, z2 = − 3 + 1 i, z3 = −i
2 2 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 22 (**+)
Find the cube roots of the complex number −8i , giving the answers in the form a + bi ,
where a and b are real numbers.

z1 = 3 − i, z2 = − 3 − i, z3 = 2i

Question 23 (**+)
The complex number z satisfies the relationship

z − 2 − i = z +1 .

a) Find a Cartesian equation for the locus of z .

b) Shade in an Argand diagram the region that satisfy the inequality

z − 2 − i ≤ z +1 .

y = 2 − 3x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 24 (**+)
A transformation from the z plane to the w plane is given by the equation

1+ 2z
w= , z ≠ 3.
3− z

Show that the in the w plane, the image of the circle with equation z = 1 , z ∈  , is
another circle, stating its centre and its radius .

2
(u − 85 ) 64 ( )
+ v 2 = 49 , centre 5 ,0 , r = 7
8 8

Question 25 (**+)
The complex number z satisfies all three relationships

π
z −1 ≤ 1, arg ( z + 1) ≥ and z + z ≥1.
12

Shade in an Argand diagram the region of the locus of z .

sketch

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 26 (**+)
In separate Argand diagrams, the complex numbers z = x + iy and w = u + iv are
represented by the points P and Q , respectively.

The two numbers are related by the equation

1
w= , z ≠0.
z

If P is moving along the circle with equation

x2 + y2 = 2 ,

find in Cartesian form an equation for the locus of the point Q .

u 2 + v2 = 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 27 (**+)
The complex conjugate of z is denoted by z .

The point P represents the complex number z = x + iy in an Argand diagram.

Given further that

zz + 3 ( z + z ) − 16 = 0

describe mathematically the locus of P .

circle, centre at ( −3, 0 ) , radius 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 28 (***)
Two loci are defined in the complex plane by the relationships

π
z − 3 = z − 7 − 2i and arg ( z − 3 − 2i ) = .
4

a) Sketch the two loci in the same Argand diagram.

b) Determine algebraically the complex number which lies on both loci.

4 + 3i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 29 (***)
n
Consider the expression ( )
3 + i , where n is a positive integer.

Find the smallest positive value for n so that the expression is real.

n=6

Question 30 (***)
The complex number z satisfies the relationship

z −5 = 2 z −2 .

a) Sketch in an Argand diagram the locus of z .

b) State the minimum value of z and maximum value of z , for points which lie
on this locus.

z min = 1 , z max = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 31 (***)
If z = cosθ + isin θ , show clearly that …

1
a) … z n + ≡ 2 cos nθ .
zn

b) … 16 cos5 θ ≡ cos 5θ + 5cos3θ + 10cos θ .

proof

Question 32 (***)
The complex number z = x + iy satisfies the relationship

2 ≤ z − 2 − 3i < 3 .

a) Shade accurately in an Argand diagram the region represented by the above

relationship.

b) Determine algebraically whether the point that represents the number 4 + i lies
inside or outside this region.

inside the region

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 33 (***)
The complex number is defined as z = cosθ + isin θ , −π < θ ≤ π .

a) Show clearly that …

1
i. … z n + = 2 cos θ .
zn

1
ii. … z n − = 2isin θ .
zn

iii. … 8sin 4 θ = cos 4θ − 4cos 2θ + 3 .

b) Hence solve the equation

8sin 4 θ + 5cos 2θ = 3 , −π < θ ≤ π .

5π π π
θ =± ,± ,±
6 2 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 34 (***)
It is given that for z ∈  the loci L1 and L2 have respective equations,

2 π
z + 1 = 10 and arg ( z − 1) = .
4

a) Sketch L1 and L2 in the same Argand diagram.

b) Find the complex number that lies on both L1 and L2 .

2+i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 35 (***)

z = 4 + 4i .

a) Find the fifth roots of z .

Give the answers in the form r eiθ , r > 0, − π < θ ≤ π .

b) Plot the roots as points in an Argand diagram.

π
i 20 π
i 920 i17π π
−i 720 −i 34π
2e , 2e , 2e 20 , 2e , 2e

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 36 (***)
A straight line L and a circle C are to be drawn on a standard Argand diagram.

π
The equation of L is arg z = .
3

The centre of C lies on L and its radius is 3 units. The line with equation Im z = 0 is
a tangent to C .

a) Sketch L and C on the same Argand diagram.

b) Determine an equation for C , giving the answer in the form z − α = k , where

α and k are constants.

The point that represents the complex number z0 lies on C .

c) Determine the maximum value of arg z0 , fully justifying the answer.

2π
z − 3 − 3i = 3 , arg z0 =
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 37 (***)
The complex numbers z = x + iy and w = u + iv are represented by the points P and
Q on separate Argand diagrams.

In the z plane, the point P is tracing the line with equation y = x .

The complex numbers z and w are related by

w = z − z2 .

a) Find, in Cartesian form, the equation of the locus of Q in the w plane.

b) Sketch the locus traced by Q .

v = u − 2u 2 or y = x − 2 x 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 38 (***)

z = 4 − 4 3i .

a) Find the cube roots of z .

Give the answers in polar form r ( cosθ + i sin θ ) , r > 0, − π < θ ≤ π .

b) Plot the roots as points in an Argand diagram.

( ) ( ) (
z = 2 cos π − i sin π , z = 2 cos 5π + isin 5π , z = 2 cos 7π − i sin 7π
9 9 9 9 9 9 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 39 (***)
The following complex number relationships are given

w = −2 + 2 3i , z4 = w .

a) Express w in the form r ( cos θ + isin θ ) , where r > 0 and −π < θ ≤ π .

b) Find the possible values of z , giving the answers in the form x + iy , where x
and y are real numbers.

  2π   2π 
w = 2 cos   + i sin   ,
  3   3 

z=1
2 ( ) ( )
6 +i 2 , z = 1 − 2 +i 6 , z = 1
2 2 ( ) (
2 −i 6 , z = 1 − 6 −i 2
2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 40 (***)
Two sets of loci in the Argand diagram are given by the following equations

z = z+2 and z = 2, z ∈ .

a) Sketch both these loci in the same Argand diagram.

The points P and Q in the Argand diagram satisfy both loci equations.

b) Write the complex numbers represented by P and Q , in the form a + ib ,

where a and b are real numbers.

c) Find a quadratic equation with real coefficients, whose solutions are the
complex numbers represented by the points P and Q .

z = −1 ± 3 , z 2 + 2 z + 4 = 0

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 41 (***)
The complex numbers z = x + iy and w = u + iv are represented by the points P and
Q on separate Argand diagrams.

In the z plane, the point P is tracing the line with equation y = 2 x .

Given that he complex numbers z and w are related by

w = z2 + 1

find, in Cartesian form, the locus of Q in the w plane.

4u + 3v = 4 or 4 x + 3 y = 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 42 (***)

z 4 = −8 − 8 3 i , z ∈  .

Solve the above equation, giving the answers in the form a + bi , where a and b are
real numbers.

z = 3 − i , z = 1 + 3 i , z = − 3 + i , z = −1 − 3 i

Question 43 (***)

a) Sketch in the same Argand diagram the locus of the points satisfying each of
the following equations

i. z − 3 − 2i = 2 .

ii. z − 3 − 2i = z + 1 + 2i .

b) Show by a geometric calculation that no points lie on both loci.

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 44 (***)
A circle C1 in the z plane is mapped onto another circle C2 in the w plane.

The mapping is defined by the relationship

w = 2iz + 1 + i .

Given C2 has its centre at the origin and its radius is 4 , find the coordinates of the
centre of C1 and the size of its radius.

( − 12 , 12 ) , r=2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 45 (***)
Sketch on a single Argand diagram the locus of the points z which satisfy

z −5−i = 2 5 and arg ( z + 1 − i ) = 1 π ,

4

and hence find the complex numbers which lie on both of these loci.

No credit will be given to solutions based on a scale drawing.

FP1-J , z1 = 1 + 3i , z2 = 3 + 5i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 46 (***)
The point P represents the complex number z = x + iy in an Argand diagram and
satisfies the relationship

 i
Re  z +  = Re ( z + 1) , z ≠ 0 .
 z

Describe mathematically the locus that P is tracing in the Argand diagram.

( )
circle, centre at 0, 1 , radius 1 , except the origin
2 2

Question 47 (***)
The complex conjugate of z is denoted by z .

The point P represents the complex number z = x + iy in an Argand diagram.

Given that ( z − 1)( z − i ) is always real, sketch the locus of P .

y = x −1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 48 (***)
The complex number z satisfies the equation

kz − 1 = z − k ,

where k is a real constant such that k ≠ ±1 .

Show that for all the allowable values of the constant k , the point represented by z in
an Argand diagram traces the circle with Cartesian equation

x2 + y 2 = 1 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 49 (***+)
It is given that

sin 5θ ≡ 16sin 5 θ − 20sin 3 θ + 5sin θ .

a) Use de Moivre’s theorem to prove the validity of the above trigonometric

identity.

It is further given that

sin 3θ ≡ 3sin θ − 4sin 3 θ .

b) Solve the equation

sin 5θ = 5sin 3θ for 0 ≤ θ < π ,

giving the solutions correct to 3 decimal places.

θ = 0, 1.095c , 2.046c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 50 (***)
Sketch on a single Argand diagram the locus of the points z and w which satisfy

z − 7 − 9i = 6 and w − 7 − 9i = w + 5 + 7i ,

and hence find minimum value for z − w .

No credit will be given to solutions based on a scale drawing.

SYNF-D , z − w min = 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 51 (***+)
The complex number z is defined as

z = eiθ , −π < θ ≤ π .

a) Show clearly that …

1
i. … z n + = 2 cos θ .
zn

ii. … 32cos 6 θ = cos 6θ + 6cos 4θ + 15cos 2θ + 10 .

b) Hence find an exact value for the integral


3
cos 6 x dx .
0

(
1 10π + 9 3
96 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 52 (***+)

π π
z1 = 2 cos + isin .
4 4

a) Verify that z1 is a solution of the equation

z 4 + 16 = 0 ,

and plot the four roots of the equation in an Argand diagram.

b) Find the values of the real constants a and b so that

( z − z1 )( z − z1 ) ≡ z 2 + az + b ,

where z1 denotes the complex conjugate of z1 .

c) Hence show that

( )(
z 4 + 16 ≡ z 2 + az + b z 2 + cz + d , )
for some real constants c and d .

a = −2 2 , b = 4 , c = 2 2 , d = 4 ,

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 53 (***+)
A transformation T maps points of the form z = x + iy from the z plane onto points of
the form v = u + iv in the w plane, and is defined as

zw = 6 , z ≠ 0 .

The line with equation x = k , k ∈  , is mapped by T onto a circle C in the w plane.

Determine a Cartesian equation for C and sketch its graph in an Argand diagram.

2
(u − k3 ) + v 2 = 92
k

Question 54 (***+)
Find a solution for the following equation

sinh ( ix ) = eix , x ∈  .

π
x=
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 55 (***+)
Sketch on a standard Argand diagram the locus of the points z which satisfy

z − 4 − 4i = 2 2 ,

and use it to prove that

1 π ≤ arg z ≤ 5 π .
12 12

No credit will be given to solutions based on a scale drawings.

FP1-K , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 56 (***+)
It is given that

cos 5θ = 16cos5 θ − 20cos 2 θ + 5cos θ .

a) Use de Moivre’s theorem to prove the above trigonometric identity.

b) By considering the solution of the equation cos 5θ = 0 , show that

5− 5
( )
cos 2 3π =
10 8
.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 57 (***+)

3
( )
z2 = 1+ i 3 , z ∈  .

Solve the above equation, giving the answers in the form a + bi , where a and b are
real numbers.

z = ± i2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 58 (***+)
A transformation of the z plane to the w plane is given by

1 + 3z
w= , z ∈  , z ≠ 1,
1− z

where z = x + iy and w = u + iv .

The set of points that lie on the y axis of the z plane, are mapped in the w plane onto
a curve C .

Show that a Cartesian equation of C is

( u + 1)2 + v 2 = 4 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 59 (***+)
The point A represents the complex number on the z plane such that

z − 6i = 2 z − 3 ,

and the point B represents the complex number on the z plane such that

3π
arg ( z − 6 ) = − .
4

a) Show that the locus of A as z varies is a circle, stating its radius and the
coordinates of its centre.

b) Sketch, on the same z plane, the locus of A and B as z varies.

c) Find the complex number z , so that the point A coincides with the point B .

( ) (
C ( 4, −2 ) , r = 20 , z = 4 − 10 + i −2 − 10 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 60 (***+)
The complex number z is given by

z = eiθ , −π < θ ≤ π .

a) Show clearly that

1
zn + ≡ 2 cos nθ .
zn

b) Hence show further that

1 1 3
cos 4 θ ≡ cos 4θ + cos 2θ + .
8 2 8

c) Solve the equation

2 cos 4θ + 8cos 2θ + 5 = 0 , 0 ≤ θ < 2π .

π 2π 4π 5π
θ= , , ,
3 3 3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 61 (***+)
The complex number z = −9i is given.

a) Determine the fourth roots of z , giving the answers in the form r eiθ , where
r > 0 and 0 ≤ θ < 2π .

b) Plot the points represented by these roots in Argand diagram, and join them in
order of increasing argument, labelled as A , B , C and D .

The midpoints of the sides of the quadrilateral ABCD represent the 4th roots of
another complex number w .

c) Find w , giving the answer in the form x + iy , where x ∈  , y ∈  .

z = 3 eiθ ,θ = 3π , 7π , 11π , 15π , w = 9 i

8 8 8 8 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 62 (***+)
The complex numbers z and w , satisfy the relationship

w = z2 .

Given that in an Argand diagram, z is tracing the curve with equation

x2 − y 2 = 8 ,

determine a Cartesian equation of the locus that w is tracing.

u = 8 or x = 8

Question 63 (***+)
The complex numbers z and w , satisfy the relationship

w = 2 z + 4 , z ≠ −2 .

Given that z is tracing a circle with centre at (1,1) and radius 2 in an Argand
diagram, determine a Cartesian equation of the locus that w is tracing.

( u − 6 )2 + ( v − 2 )2 = 8 2 2
or ( x − 6 ) + ( y − 2 ) = 8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 64 (***+)
The complex number is defined as z = eiθ , −π < θ ≤ π .

a) Show that …

1
i. … z n − = 2isin θ .
zn

ii. … 16sin 5 θ = sin 5θ − 5sin 3θ + 10sin θ .

b) Hence solve the equation

5sin 3θ = sin 5θ + 6sin θ , −π < θ ≤ π .

π 3π
θ = 0, ± , ± , π
4 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 65 (***+)

z 3 = 32 + 32 3 i , z ∈  .

a) Solve the above equation.

Give the answers in exponential form z = r eiθ , r > 0, − π < θ ≤ π .

b) Show that these roots satisfy the equation

w9 + 218 = 0 .

iπ i 7π −i 5π
z = 4 e 9 , 4e 9 , 4e 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 66 (***+)
The complex function w = f ( z ) is given by

1
w = , z ∈ , z ≠ 0 .
z

This function maps a general point P ( x, y ) in the z plane onto the point Q ( u, v ) in
the w plane.

Given that P lies on the line with Cartesian equation y = 1 , show that the locus of Q
is given by

1 1
w+ i = .
2 2

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 67 (***+)

z − 2 +i = 5.

3π
arg ( z − 2 ) = − .
4

a) Sketch the above complex loci in the same Argand diagram.

b) Determine, in the form x + iy , the complex number z0 represented by the

intersection of the two loci of part (a).

z0 = −2 − 4i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 68 (***+)
The complex number z is given in polar form as

( ) ( )
cos 25 π + isin 52 π .

a) Write z 2 , z 3 and z 4 in polar form, each with argument θ , so that 0 ≤ θ < 2π .

In an Argand diagram the points A , B , C , D and E represent, in respective order,

the complex numbers

1, 1+ z , 1 + z + z2 , 1 + z + z 2 + z3 , 1 + z + z 2 + z3 + z 4 .

b) Sketch these points, in the sequential order given, in a standard Argand diagram.

c) State the exact argument of

1 + z + z2 .

FP2-A , z 2 = cos 4π + isin 4π , z 3 = cos 6π + isin 6π , z 4 = cos 8π + isin 8π ,

5 5 5 5 5 5

( )
arg 1 + z + z 2 = 2π
5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 69 (***+)
The complex number z satisfies the following equation.

z + 8 − 16i = z .

In a standard Argand diagram, the complex numbers represented by the points A and
B lie on the real and imaginary axes, respectively.

Given further that A and B satisfy the above equation, determine an equation for the
circle which passes though the points A , B and O , where O is the origin of the
Argand diagram.

Give the answer in the form z − z0 = r , where z0 ∈  and r ∈  .

SYNF-B , z + 10 − 5i = 5 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 70 (***+)
The following convergent series C and S are given by

1 1 1
C = 1 + cos θ + cos 2θ + cos3θ ...
2 4 8
1 1 1
S= sin θ + sin 2θ + sin 3θ ...
2 4 8

a) Show clearly that

2
C + iS = .
2 − e iθ

b) Hence show further that

4 − 2cos θ
C= ,
5 − 4cos θ

and find a similar expression for S .

2sin θ
S=
5 − 4cos θ

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 71 (***+)
The complex number z is given by

z = eiθ , −π < θ ≤ π .

a) Show clearly that

1
zn + ≡ 2 cos nθ .
zn

b) Hence show further that

16 cos5 θ ≡ cos 5θ + 5cos3θ + 10cos θ .

c) Use the results of parts (a) and (b) to solve the equation

cos 5θ + 5cos 3θ + 6cos θ = 0 , 0 ≤ θ < π .

π π 3π
θ= , ,
4 2 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 72 (***+)
The complex number z lies on the curve with equation

z + 5 − 12i = 6 , z ∈  .

a) Sketch this curve in a standard Argand diagram.

b) Show that a ≤ z ≤ b , where a and b are integers.

The complex number z0 lies on this curve so that its argument is the largest for all
complex numbers which lie on this curve.

c) Determine the value of z0 and the value of arg z0

z0 = 133 , arg z0 ≈ 2.445c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 73 (***+)
The complex number z satisfies

z − 4 = z + 6i .

Determine, as an exact simplified surd, the minimum value of z .

5
SYNF-C , z min =
13

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 74 (****)
A transformation of the z plane onto the w plane is given by

az + b
w= , z ∈  , z ≠ −c
z+c

where a , b and c are real constants.

Under this transformation the point represented by the number 1 + 2i gets mapped to
its complex conjugate and the origin remains invariant.

a) Find the value of a , the value of b and the value of c .

b) Find the number, other than the number represented by the origin, which
remains invariant under this transformation.

a = 52 , b = 0 , c = − 52 , z = 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 75 (****)

z7 −1 = 0 , z ∈  .

π
One of the roots of the above equation is denoted by ω , where 0 < arg ω < .
3

π
a) Find ω in the form ω = r eiθ , r > 0, 0 < θ ≤ .
3

b) Show clearly that

1+ ω + ω 2 + ω3 + ω 4 + ω5 + ω6 = 0 .

c) Show further that

( )
ω 2 + ω 5 = 2cos 47π .

d) Hence, using the results from the previous parts, deduce that

1
( )7 ( )
7 7 ( )
cos 2π + cos 4π + cos 6π = − .
2

i 2π
ω =e 7

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 76 (****)

8
(
z3 = 1 + i 3 ) (1 − i )5 , z ∈  .
Determine the three roots of the above equation.

Give the answers in the form k 2 eiθ , where −π < θ ≤ π , k ∈  .

FP2-N , z = 8 2 eiθ , θ = − 31π , − 7π , 17π

36 36 36

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 77 (****)
The complex number is defined as

3 π π
z = (1 + i tan θ ) , − <θ < .
2 2

By considering the real part of z , or otherwise, prove the validity of the following
trigonometric identity

cos3θ
1 − 3tan 2 θ ≡ .
cos3 θ

FP2-O , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 78 (****)
Consider the following expression

n
 π π
 cos + isin 
 9 9
=i
m
 π π
 cos − isin 
 4 4

The values of n and m are such so that

{m ∈  :1 ≤ m ≤ 9} and {m ∈  :1 ≤ m ≤ 9} .

Determine, by a full mathematical method, the value of n and the value of m .

m=6 , n=9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 79 (****)
A transformation T maps points of the form z = x + iy from the z plane onto points of
the form v = u + iv in the w plane, and is defined as

2
w= , z ∈  , z ≠ 1,
z −1

where z is the complex conjugate of z .

The line with equation Re z = 2 is mapped by T onto a circle C in the w plane.

a) Determine the coordinates of the centre of C and the length of its radius.

b) Find an equation of the image in the w plane of the half line with equation

π
arg( z − 1) = .
3

π
(1,0 ) , r = 1 , arg w =
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 80 (****)
A complex function w = f ( z ) is defined as

az + b
w= , z ∈  , z ≠ −c .
z+c

The constants a , b and c are complex.

Under the function f the points 1 + i and −1 + i are invariant, while the origin is
mapped onto i .

Determine the values of the constants a , b and c .

a = 0 , b = 2 , c = −2i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 81 (****)
De Moivre’s theorem asserts that

( cosθ + i sin θ )n ≡ cos nθ + isin nθ , θ ∈  , n∈ .

a) Use the theorem to prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity.

cos 6θ ≡ 32cos6 θ − 48cos 4 θ + 18cos 2 θ − 1 .

b) Use the result of part (a) to find, in exact form, the largest positive root of the
equation

64 x 6 − 96 x 4 + 36 x 2 − 1 = 0 .

π 
x = cos  
9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 82 (****)
A transformation of the z plane to the w plane is given by

1
w= , z ∈ , z ≠ 2
z−2

where z = x + iy and w = u + iv .

The line with equation

2x + y = 3

is mapped in the w plane onto a curve C .

a) Show that C represents a circle and determine the coordinates of its centre and
the size of its radius.

The points of a region R in the z plane are mapped onto the points which lie inside C
in the w plane.

b) Sketch and shade R in a suitable labelled Argand diagram, fully justifying the
choice of region.

( )
centre at −1, 1 , radius = 5
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 83 (****)
The locus of the point z in the Argand diagram, satisfy the equation

z −2+i = 3 .

a) Sketch the locus represented by the above equation.

The half line L with equation

y = mx − 1, x ≥ 0, m > 0 ,

touches the locus described in part (a) at the point P .

b) Find the value of m .

c) Write the equation of L , in the form

arg ( z − z0 ) = θ , z0 ∈  , −π < θ ≤ π .

d) Find the complex number w , represented by the point P .

π 1  3 
m = 3 , arg ( z + i ) = , w= + i − 1
3 2  2 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 84 (****)
1
If z = eiθ , − π < θ ≤ π , and w = show clearly that
z −1

1
w = − 1 + icot θ  .
( )
2 2 

proof

Question 85 (****)

(
a) Simplify fully z n − eiθ )( z n − e−iθ ) .
b) Hence factorize z 4 − z 2 + 1 into 4 linear complex factors.

z 2 n − z n ( 2cos θ ) + 1 , ( z + 23 + 12 i)( z + 23 − 12 i )( z − 23 + 12 i )( z − 23 − 12 i)

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 86 (****)
Let z = cosθ + i sin θ = C + iS , −π < θ ≤ π .

a) Use De Moivre’s theorem to show that

cos 5θ ≡ 16cos5 θ − 20cos3 θ + 5cos θ .

b) Hence or otherwise find, in exact form where appropriate, 3 distinct solutions

of the quintic equation

16 x5 − 20 x3 + 5 x + 1 = 0 .

π 3π
x = −1, cos , cos
5 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 87 (****)
Euler’s identity states

eiθ ≡ cosθ + isin θ , θ ∈  .

a) Use the identity to show that

einθ + e −inθ ≡ 2cos nθ .

b) Hence show further that

32cos 6 θ ≡ cos 6θ + 6cos 4θ + 15cos 2θ + 10 .

π 
c) Use the fact that cos  − θ  ≡ sin θ to find a similar expression for 32sin 6 θ .
2 

d) Determine the exact value of


4
sin 6 θ + cos 6 θ dθ .
0

5π
32sin 6 θ = − cos 6θ + 6cos 4θ − 15cos 2θ + 10 ,
32

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 88 (****)
A transformation of the z plane to the w plane is given by

w = z2 , z ∈  ,

where z = x + iy and w = u + iv .

The straight line with equation y = 1 is mapped in the w plane onto a curve C .

Sketch the graph of C , marking clearly the coordinates of all points where the graph of
C meets the coordinate axes.

sketch

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 89 (****)
De Moivre’s theorem asserts that

( cosθ + i sin θ )n ≡ cos nθ + isin nθ , θ ∈  , n∈ .

a) Use the theorem to prove validity of the following trigonometric identity

(
sin 5θ = sin θ 16cos 4 θ − 12cos 2 θ + 1 . )
b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

sin 5θ = 10cos θ sin 2θ − 11sin θ , 0 < θ < π .

π 3π
θ= ,
4 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 90 (****)
A transformation of points from the z plane onto points in the w plane is given by the
complex relationship

w = z2 , z ∈  ,

where z = x + iy and w = u + iv .

Show that if the point P in the z plane lies on the line with equation

y = x −1,

the locus of this point in the w plane satisfies the equation

1 2
v=
2
(u −1 . )
proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 91 (****)
It is given that

( )
sin 5θ ≡ sin θ 16cos 4 θ − 12cos 2 θ + 1 .

a) Use de Moivre’s theorem to prove the validity of the above trigonometric

identity.

Consider the general solution of the trigonometric equation

sin 5θ = 0 .

b) Find exact simplified expressions for

π   2π 
cos 2   and cos 2  ,
5  5 

fully justifying each step in the workings.

 π  3+ 5  2π  3 − 5
cos 2   = , cos 2  =
5 8  5  8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 92 (****)
The complex number z is given by

z = cosθ + isin θ , −π < θ ≤ π .

a) Show clearly that

1
zn + ≡ 2 cos nθ .
zn

b) Hence show further that if z = cosθ + isin θ , the equation

3z 4 − 5 z 3 + 8 z 2 − 5 z + 3 = 0

transforms into the equation

6cos 2 θ − 5cos θ + 1 = 0 .

c) Hence find in exact surd form the four roots of the equation

3z 4 − 5 z 3 + 8 z 2 − 5 z + 3 = 0 .

z = 1 ± 3 i, z = 1 ± 2 2i,
2 2 3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 93 (****)
A complex transformation from the z plane to the w plane is defined by

z +i
w= , z ∈  , z ≠ 3i .
3 + iz

The point P ( x, y ) is mapped by this transformation into the point Q ( u, v ) .

It is further given that Q lies on the real axis for all the possible positions of P .

Show that the P traces the curve with equation

z −i = 2.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 94 (****)
The complex number z is given by z = eiθ , −π < θ ≤ π

a) Show clearly that

1
zn + = 2 cos nθ .
zn

b) Hence solve the equation

z 4 − 2 z 3 + 3z 2 − 2 z + 1 = 0 .

z = 1 ± 3i
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 95 (****)
A transformation of the z plane to the w plane is given by

2z +1
w= , z ∈ , z ≠ 0
z

where z = x + iy and w = u + iv .

( )
The circle C1 with centre at 1, − 1 and radius 5 in the z plane is mapped in the w
2 2
plane onto another curve C2 .

a) Show that C2 is also a circle and determine the coordinates of its centre and the
size of its radius.

The points inside C1 in the z plane are mapped onto points of a region R in the w
plane.

b) Sketch and shade R in a suitably labelled Argand diagram, fully justifying the
choice of the region.

( )
centre at 3 , 0 , radius = 1
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 96 (****)
The complex numbers z1 and z2 are given by

z1 = 1 + i 3 and z2 = iz1 .

a) Label accurately the points representing z1 and z2 , in an Argand diagram.

b) On the same Argand diagram, sketch the locus of the points z satisfying …

i. … z − z1 = z − z2 .

ii. … arg ( z − z1 ) = arg z2 .

c) Determine, in the form x + iy , the complex number z3 represented by the

intersection of the two loci of part (b).

( ) (
SYNF-A , z3 = 1 − 3 + i 1 + 3 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 97 (****)

a) Use De Moivre’s theorem to show that

sin 5θ ≡ 16sin 5 θ − 20sin 3 θ + 5sin θ .

b) By considering the solutions of the equation sin 5θ = 0 , find in exact surd form
( )
the values of sin n5π , for n = 1, 2,3, 4 .

π 4π 5− 5 2π 3π 5+ 5
sin = sin = , sin = sin =
5 5 8 5 5 8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 98 (****)
A transformation of the z plane to the w plane is given by

1
w = z + , z ∈ , z ≠ 0 ,
z

where z = x + iy and w = u + iv .

The locus of the points in the z plane that satisfy the equation z = 2 are mapped in
the w plane onto a curve C .

By considering the equation of the locus z = 2 in exponential form, or otherwise,

show that a Cartesian equation of C is

36u 2 + 100v 2 = 225 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 99 (****)

a) Use De Moivre’s theorem to show that

sin 5θ ≡ 16sin 5 θ − 20sin 3 θ + 5sin θ .

b) By considering the solutions of the equation sin 5θ = 0 , find in trigonometric

form the four solutions of the equation

16 x 4 − 20 x 2 + 5 = 0 .

c) Hence show, with full justification, that

π  5− 5
sin 2   = .
5 8

( )
FP2-O , x = sin 1 kπ , k = 1, 2,6,7
5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 100 (****)

The complex function w = f ( z ) is given by

1
w= , z ≠ 1.
1− z

The point P ( x, y ) in the z plane traces the line with Cartesian equation

y + x = 1.

Show that the locus of the image of P in the w plane traces the line with equation

v =u.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 101 (****)

4
By considering the binomial expansion of ( cosθ + i sin θ ) show that

4 tan θ − 4 tan 3 θ
tan 4θ ≡ .
1 − 6 tan 2 θ + tan 4 θ

FP2-M , proof

Question 102 (****)

In an Argand diagram which represents the z plane, the complex number z = x + iy
satisfies the relationship

 z − 2i  π
arg  = .
 z−4  2

Sketch the curve that the locus of z traces.

sketch

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 103 (****)

A transformation from the z plane to the w plane is defined by the equation

w = i z −1, z ∈  .

Sketch in the w plane, in Cartesian form, the equation of the image of the half line
with equation

π
arg ( z + 2 ) = , z ∈ .
4

graph

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 104 (****)

The complex function w = f ( z ) maps points of the form z = x + iy from the z plane
onto points of the form w = u + iv in the w plane.

It is given that

f ( z ) = z2 , z ∈  .

The line with equation Im z = 2 in the z plane is mapped onto the curve C in the w
plane.

a) Find a Cartesian equation for C .

b) Sketch the graph of C .

v 2 = 16u − 64

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 105 (****)

The complex function w = f ( z ) maps points of the form z = x + iy from the z plane
onto points of the form w = u + iv in the w plane.

It is given that

4
f (z) = , z ∈ , z ≠ 0 .
z

The points from the z plane, except the origin, which lie inside and on the boundary
of the circle with equation

2
( x+ 4
3 ) + y 2 = 32 ,
9

are mapped onto the region R in the w plane.

Shade the region R in a clearly labelled Argand diagram.

sketch

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 106 (****)

z = eiθ , −π < θ ≤ π .

a) Show that …

1
i. … z n + = 2cos nθ .
zn

1
ii. ... z n − = 2isin nθ .
zn

b) Hence show further that

cos 4 θ sin 2 θ = 1 + 1 cos 2θ − 1 cos 4θ − 1 cos 6θ .

16 32 16 32

FP2-N , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 107 (****)

The locus of a point, represented by the complex number z , satisfies the relationship

z + 1 + i = z − 1 + 2i .

When this locus is transformed by the complex function

f ( z ) = kz + i , k ∈  ,

the image of the locus traces the straight line with Cartesian equation

y = 2x − 8 .

Determine the value of k .

FP4-M , k = 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 108 (****)

The point P represents the number z = x + iy in an Argand diagram and further
satisfies the equation

 1 − iz  π
arg   = , z ≠ −i .
 1− z  4

Use an algebraic method to find an equation of the locus of P and sketch this locus
accurately in an Argand diagram.

u 2 + v 2 = 1, such that v > u − 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 109 (****)

The complex function w = f ( z ) satisfies

1
w = , z ∈ , z ≠ 0 .
z

This function maps the point P ( x, y ) in the z plane onto the point Q ( u , v ) in the w
plane.

It is further given that P traces the curve with equation

1 1
z+ i = .
2 2

Find, in Cartesian form, the equation of the locus of Q .

v =1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 110 (****)

Use De Moivre’s theorem to show that

cot 5 θ − 10cot 3 θ + 5cot θ

cot 5θ ≡ .
5cot 4 θ − 10cot 2 θ + 1

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 111 (****)

A transformation T from the z plane to the w plane is defined by

z −i
w= , z ∈ , z ≠ −1 .
z +1

T transforms the circle with equation z = 1 in the z plane, into the straight line L in
the w plane.

a) Find a Cartesian equation for L .

T transforms the y axis in the z plane, into the curve C in the w plane.

b) Find a Cartesian equation for C .

π π
The region R in the z plane, satisfies z ≤ 1 such that − ≤ arg z ≤ .
2 2

c) Shade the image of R under T in the w plane.

y = − x or v = −u , u 2 + v 2 − u + v = 0

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 112 (****)

A transformation T maps the point x + iy from the z plane to the point u + iv in the
w plane, and is defined by

z+i
w= , z ∈ , z ≠ 0 .
z

T transforms the line with equation y = x in the z plane, except the origin, into the
straight line L1 in the w plane.

a) Find a Cartesian equation for L1 .

T transforms the circle C1 in the z plane, into the circle C2 in the w plane.

b) Find the coordinates of the centre of C1 and the length of its radius, given the
Cartesian equation of C2 is

u 2 + v 2 = 4u .

( )
y = x − 1 or v = u − 1 , 0, − 1 , r = 2
3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 113 (****)

The complex number z satisfies the relationship

n
 2z + 1  1 2 2
  = + i , z ≠ −2 , n ∈  .
 z+2  3 3

Show that the point represented by z in an Argand diagram represents a circle, stating
the coordinates of its centre and the size of its radius.

( 0,0 ) , r = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 114 (****)

The numbers z and w satisfy the relationship

z + 9i
w= , z ≠i.
1 + iz

a) Given that w ∈  , find the possible values of z .

b) Given instead that z ∈  , find a Cartesian equation of the locus of the point
represented by w , in an Argand diagram.

2
z = ±3, or x = ±3 , u 2 + ( v − 4 ) = 25

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 115 (****)

The numbers z and w satisfy the relationship

4
w = z + , z ∈ , z ≠ 0 .
z

Given that w is always real sketch in a suitably labelled Argand diagram the locus of
the possible positions of z .

graph

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 116 (****)

A transformation from the z plane to the w plane is defined by the equation

iz
f ( z) = , z ∈ .
z −i

Find, in Cartesian form, the equation of the image of straight line with equation

z − i = z − 2 , z ∈ .

2 2
(u + 25 ) + ( v − 45 ) =1
5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 117 (****)

The complex numbers z1 and z2 , satisfy the relationship

z1z2 = 2 z2 + 1 , z2 ≠ 0 .

Given that z1 is tracing a circle with centre at (1,0 ) and radius 1 in an Argand diagram,
determine a Cartesian equation of the locus that z2 is tracing.

x=−1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 118 (****)

z3 + 4 = 4 3 i .

By considering the sum of the three roots of the above cubic equation show clearly that

2π 4π 8π
cos + cos + cos = 0.
9 9 9

FP2-R , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 119 (****)

z 3 − 3 z 2 + 3 z − 65 = 0 , z ∈ .

3
By considering the binomial expansion of ( a − 1) , or otherwise, find in exact form
where appropriate the three solutions of the above equation.

FP2-Q , z = 5, − 1 ± i 3
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 120 (****+)

The complex number w is the point of intersection of the following two loci in a
standard Argand diagram

π π
arg ( z − 4i ) = and arg ( z − 12i ) = − .
6 3

Determine the equation of the circle which passes though w and the origin of the
Argand diagram.

Give the answer in the form z − w = r , where w and r must be stated.

FP1-Z , z − 2 3 − 6i = 4 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 121 (****+)

The complex number 17 + ki , where k is a real constant, satisfies the locus

arg ( z − 1 − i ) = θ ,

where θ = arctan 3 .
4

a) Determine the value of k .

b) Find the complex number z which satisfies the locus arg ( z − 1 − i ) = θ so that
z − 22 + 2i is least.

FP1-V , k = 13 , 13 + 10i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 122 (****+)

The quadratic equation

x 2 − 2 x ( t + 6 ) + 12t + 40 = 0 ,

where t is a parameter such that −2 ≤ t ≤ 2 , has complex roots.

Show that for all t such that −2 ≤ t ≤ 2 , the roots of this quadratic equation lie on a
circle in an Argand diagram.

FP1-S , x = t + 6 ± i 4 − t 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 123 (****+)

The complex function w = f ( z ) is defined by

3z + i
w= , z ∈ , z ≠ 1 .
1− z

3π
The half line with equation arg z = is transformed by this function.
4

a) Find a Cartesian equation of the locus of the image of the half line.

b) Sketch the image of the locus in an Argand diagram.

( u + 1)2 + ( v + 1)2 = 5, v > 1 u +1

3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 124 (****+)

It is given that

cot 4 θ − 6cot 2 θ + 1
cot 4θ = .
4cot 3 θ − 4cot θ

a) Use de Moivre’s theorem to prove the validity of the above trigonometric

identity.

( )
b) Deduce that x = cot 2 π is one of the two solutions of the equation
8

x2 − 6x + 1 = 0 .

c) Show further that

( ) ( )
cosec 2 π + cosec2 3π = 8 .
8 8

FP2-J , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 125 (****+)

In an Argand diagram which represents the z plane, the complex number z = x + iy
satisfies the relationship

 z − 2i  π
arg  = .
 z−4  2

a) Sketch the curve that the locus of z traces.

The complex function w = f ( z ) maps points of the form z = x + iy from the z plane
onto points of the form w = u + iv in the w plane.

It is given that

2−i
f ( z) = , z ∈ , z ≠ 4 .
z−4

The points in the z plane which lie on the locus described in part (a) are mapped onto
a line in the w plane.

b) Sketch this line in an Argand diagram representing the w plane.

sketch

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 126 (****+)

The following convergent series S is given below

S = sin θ − 1 sin 2θ + 1 sin 3θ − 1 sin 4θ ...

3 9 27

By considering the sum to infinity of a suitable geometric series involving the complex
exponential function, show that

9sin θ
S= .
10 + 6cosθ

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 127 (****+)

f ( z ) = z 6 + 8 z 3 + 64 , z ∈ .

a) Given that f ( z ) = 0 , show that

z 3 = −4 ± 4 3i .

b) Find the six solutions of the equation f ( z ) = 0 , giving the answers in the form
z = r eiθ , where r > 0 and −π < θ ≤ π .

c) Show further that …

i. … the sum of the six roots is zero.

2π 4π 6π 8π 1
ii. … cos + cos + cos + cos =− .
9 9 9 9 2

2π 4π 8π
FP2-K , z = 2eiϕ ,ϕ = ± ,± ,±
9 9 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 128 (****+)

z = cosθ + isin θ , −π < θ ≤ π .

a) Show clearly that

2 θ
= 1 − i tan .
1+ z 2

The complex function w = f ( z ) is defined by

2
w= , z ∈ , z ≠ −1 .
1+ z

π
The circular arc z = 1 , for which 0 ≤ arg z < , is transformed by this function.
2

b) Sketch the image of this circular arc in a suitably labelled Argand diagram.

proof/sketch

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 129 (****+)

De Moivre’s theorem states that

( cosθ + i sin θ )n = cos nθ + isin nθ , n∈ .

a) Use De Moivre’s theorem to show that

5 tan θ − 10 tan 3 θ + tan 5 θ

tan 5θ ≡ .
1 − 10 tan 2 θ + 5 tan 4 θ

b) Use part (a) to find the solutions of the equation

t 4 − 10t 2 + 5 = 0 ,

giving the answers in the form t = tan ϕ , 0 < ϕ < π .

c) Show further that

π 2π
tan tan = 5.
5 5

π 2π 3π 4π
FP2-L , t = tan , tan , tan , tan
5 5 5 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 130 (****+)

The complex function w = f ( z ) maps points of the form z = x + iy from the z plane
onto points of the form w = u + iv in the w plane.

It is given that

z
f ( z) = , z ∈ , z ≠ i .
z −i

A circle C1 with centre at z = i and radius 1 is mapped onto the circle C2 in the w
plane.

a) Find the coordinates of the centre of C2 , and the length of its radius.

The straight line z = i is mapped onto another line L in the w plane.

b) Find an equation for this line.

The region R in the z plane lies outside C1 such that Im z ≥ 1 .

c) Shade in a clearly labelled diagram the image of R in the w plane.

(1,0 ) , r = 1 , u = 1 or x = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 131 (****+)

z 5 − 1 = 0 , z ∈  , −π < arg z ≤ π .

a) By considering the four complex roots of the above equation show clearly that

1 1  1  2π   1  4π 
z 2 + z + 1 + + 2 =  z + − 2cos     z + − 2cos   .
z z  z  5   z  5 

1
b) Use the substitution w = z + in the above equation, to find in exact surd form
z
the values of

 2π   4π 
cos   and cos  .
 5   5 

 2π  −1 + 5  4π  −1 − 5
cos  = , cos  =
 5  4  5  4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 132 (****+)

The complex number x + iy in the z plane of an Argand diagram satisfies the
inequality

x2 + y 2 + x > 0 .

a) Sketch the region represented by this inequality.

A locus in the z plane of an Argand diagram is given by the equation

 z +1  π
arg  = .
 z  4

b) Sketch the locus represented by this equation.

sketch

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 133 (****+)

The following finite sums, C and S , are given by

C = 1 + 5cos 2θ + 10cos 4θ + 10cos 6θ + 5cos8θ + cos10θ

S = 5sin 2θ + 10sin 4θ + 10sin 6θ + 5sin 8θ + sin10θ

5
By considering the binomial expansion of (1 + A) , show clearly that

C = 32cos5 θ cos5θ ,

and find a similar expression for S

S = 32cos5 θ sin 5θ

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 134 (****+)

The complex function with equation

1
f (z) = , z ∈ , z ≠ 0
z2

maps the complex number x + iy from the z plane onto the complex number u + iv in
the w plane.

The line with equation

y = mx , x ≠ 0 ,

is mapped onto the line with equation

v = Mu ,

where m and M are the respective gradients of the two lines.

Given that m = M , determine the three possible values of m .

m = 0, ± 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 135 (****+)

The point P represents the number z = x + iy in an Argand diagram and further
satisfies the equation

 z +1  π
arg   = , z ≠ −2 .
 z+2 2

Use an algebraic method to find an equation of the locus of P and sketch this locus
accurately in an Argand diagram.

2
( x + 32 ) + y 2 = 1 , such that y > 0
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 136 (****+)

zn = 1, z ∈  , n ∈  .

a) Solve the above equation, giving the general solution in terms of n and any
suitably defined parameters.

b) Hence solve the equation

z7 − z 4 − z3 + 1 = 0 , z ∈  ,

giving the answers in the form x + iy , x, y ∈  , where appropriate.

2 kπ i
z=e n ,k ∈ , z = ±1, ± i, − 1 ± 3 i
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 137 (****+)

Given that a ∈  , b ∈  , a > b > 0 , show that in an Argand diagram, the roots of the
quadratic equation

az 2 + 2bz + a = 0 ,

lie on the circle with equation x 2 + y 2 = 1 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 138 (****+)

The point P represents the number z = x + iy in an Argand diagram and further
satisfies the equation

3π
arg ( z − 1) − arg ( z + 3) = , z ≠ −3 .
4

Use an algebraic method to find an equation of the locus of P and sketch this locus
accurately in an Argand diagram.

( x + 1)2 + ( y + 2 )2 = 8, such that y > 0

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 139 (****+)

3
z 3 = ( 2 z − 1) , z ∈  .

Find in the form x + iy the exact solutions of the above equation.

(
z = 1, 1 5 ± i 3
14 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 140 (****+)

f (z) ≡
( z − 2)i , z = x + iy , x ∈  , y ∈  .
z

The complex function f maps complex numbers onto complex numbers, which can be
graphed in two separate Argand diagrams.

a) Given that Im z = 1 , determine an equation of the locus of the image of the

2
points under f .

b) Hence determine a complex function g ( z ) , which maps Im z = 1 onto a unit

2
circle, centre at the origin O .

z −i
w + 2 − i = 2 , g (z) = w =
z

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 141 (****+)

3
f ( z ) = ( z − 4) , z ∈  .

a) Solve the equation f ( z ) = 8i , giving the answers in the form x + iy .

The points A , B and C represent in an Argand diagram the roots of the equation
f ( z ) = 8i . The points A and B represent the roots whose imaginary parts are positive
and the point A represents the root with the smaller real part.

b) Show that the area of the quadrilateral OABC , where O is the origin, is

6+2 3 .

z = 4 + 3 + i, z = 4 − 3 + i, z = 4 − 2i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 142 (****+)

The complex number z satisfies the relationship

π
arg ( z − 2 ) − arg ( z + 2 ) = .
4

Show that the locus of z is a circular arc, stating …

• … the coordinates of its endpoints.
• … the coordinates of its centre.
• … the length of its radius.

( −2, 0 ) , ( 2,0 ) , ( 0, 2 ) , r=2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 143 (****+)

An equilateral triangle T is drawn in a standard Argand diagram. The origin O is
located at the centre of T . One of the vertices of T is represented by the complex
number 2 − 6i .

a) Find, in exact simplified form the complex number represented by another

vertex of T .

b) Calculate, in exact surd form, the area of T .

(3 ) ( )
3 − 1 + i 3 + 3 , area = 120

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 144 (****+)

The complex function w = f ( z ) maps points of the form z = x + iy from the z plane
onto points of the form w = u + iv in the w plane.

It is given that

z2 − 4
f ( z) = , z ∈ , z ≠ 0 .
z

The circle C with equation x 2 + y 2 = 4 in the z plane is mapped onto a line segment
AB in the w plane.

Find a Cartesian equation for AB , stating the coordinates of its endpoints.

(1,0 ) , r = 1 , u = 1 or x = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 145 (****+)

The complex number z satisfies the relationship

z − 2 + z − 6 = 10 .

Determine a simplified Cartesian equation for the locus of z , giving the final answer
in the form

f ( x, y ) = 1 .

( x − 4 )2 + y 2 =1
25 21

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 146 (****+)

2
f ( z ) ≡ ( z + 2i ) , z ∈  .

The complex function f maps points, of the form x + iy , from the z plane onto points,
of the form u + iv , in the w plane.

The straight line L lies in the z plane and has Cartesian equation

y = x −1 .

Find an equation of the image of L in the w plane, giving the answer in the form

v = g (u ) ,

where g , is a real function to be found.

( )
FP4-N , v = 1 u 2 − 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 147 (****+)

Use de Moivre’s theorem followed by a suitable trigonometric identity, to show that …

a) … cos 3θ ≡ 4 cos3 θ − 3cos θ .

( )(
b) … cos 6θ ≡ 2cos 2 θ − 1 16cos 4 θ − 16cos 2 θ + 1 )
Consider the solutions of the equation.

cos 6θ = 0 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ π .

c) By fully justifying each step in the workings, find the exact value of

cos π cos 5π cos 7π cos 11π .

12 12 12 12

1
16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 148 (****+)

A transformation T maps points of the form z = x + iy from the z plane onto points of
the form v = u + iv in the w plane, and is defined as

z +1
w= , z ≠ −i .
z +i

π
The points that lie on the half line with equation arg z = are mapped by T onto
4
points which lie on a circle.

a) Determine a Cartesian equation for this circle.

π
b) Show that the image of the half line with equation arg z = is not the entire
4
circle found in part (b).

u 2 + v2 = 1

Question 149 (****+)

Show that if z = i

− π2
zz = e .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 150 (****+)

The complex function w = f ( z ) maps points of the form z = x + iy from the z plane
onto points of the form w = u + iv in the w plane.

It is given that

z −i
f ( z) = , z ∈ , z ≠ 2 .
z−2

The points of a region R in the z plane are mapped onto points of a region R′ in the
w plane. The region R′ consists of points such that u ≥ 0 and v ≥ 0 .

Shade, with justification, in an accurate Argand diagram the region R .

sketch

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 151 (****+)

4 4
f (θ ) = ( cosθ + i sin θ ) + ( cosθ − isin θ ) .

a) By considering a simplified expression of f (θ ) , show that

2cos 4θ
( cotθ + i )4 + ( cotθ − i )4 = .
sin 4 θ

( )
b) Find in the form z = cot kπ , the four solution of the equation
8

( z + i )4 + ( z − i )4 = 0 .

( )
c) Hence, show clearly that cot 2 π = 3 + 2 2 .
8

( )
x = cot kπ , k = 1,3,5, 7
8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 152 (****+)

The complex number z lies in the region R of an Argand diagram, defined by the
inequalities

π 5π
≤ arg ( z − 4 ) ≤ π and 0 ≤ arg ( z − 12 ) ≤ .
3 6

a) Sketch the region R , indicating clearly all the relevant details.

The complex number w lies in R , so that w is minimum.

b) Find w , further giving w in the form u + iv , where u and v are real numbers.

FP1-U , w = 6 , w = 3 + 3 3i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 153 (****+)

Im z

B
A

C O
Re z

E
D

The figure above shows in a standard Argand diagram, the five roots of the equation
z 5 + 32 = 0 , indicated by the points A to E on a circle of radius r .

a) State the value of r .

b) State the five roots of the equation

z 5 + 32 = 0 ,

giving the answers in the form z = r ( cosθ + isin θ ) , −π < θ ≤ π .

c) Show that a quadratic equation satisfied by the roots indicated by B and D is

 2π 
z 2 + 4 z cos  +4= 0.
 5 

d) Find a similar quadratic satisfied by the roots indicated by A and E .

[continues overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

[continued from overleaf]

Consider the coefficients of z 4 in the following equations

z 5 + 32 = 0 and ( z − zC ) ( z − zB )( z − zD )  ( z − z A )( z − zE )  = 0 .

π  1 1
e) Show that cos   = + 5.
5 4 4

(you may find the cosine double angle formula useful)

π 
r = 2 , z = 2 ( cos nθ + i sin nθ ) , n = −2, −1,0,1, 2 , z 2 − 4 z cos   + 4 = 0
5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 154 (****+)

z 4 + z3 + z 2 + z + 1 = 0 , z ∈  .

By using the identity

( )
a n − 1 ≡ ( a − 1) a n + a n−1 + a n−2 + ... + a 2 + a + 1 ,

or otherwise, find in exact trigonometric form the four solutions of the above equation.

z = cos 2π ± i sin 2π , cos 4π ± i sin 4π

5 5 5 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 155 (****+)

f ( z ) ≡ z2 , z ∈  .

The complex function f maps points, of the form x + iy , from the z plane onto points,
of the form u + iv , in the w plane.

The curve C lies in the z plane and has Cartesian equation

x2 − 3 y 2 = 1 .

Find an equation of the image of C in the w plane, giving the answer in the form

v 2 = Au 2 + Bu + C ,

where A , B and C are real constants to be found.

v 2 = 3u 2 − 4u + 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 156 (****+)

a) Show that

sin 7θ ≡ 7sin θ − 56sin 3 θ + 112sin 5 θ − 64sin 7 θ

b) By considering a suitable polynomial equation based on the result of part (a)

show further

( ) ( ) ( )
cosec2 1 π + cosec 2 2 π + cosec2 3 π = 8
7 7 7

FP2-W , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 157 (****+)

The following equation has no real solutions

25 z 4 + 10 z 3 + 2 z 2 + 10 z + 25 = 0 .

Find the four complex solution of the above equation, giving the answer in the form
a + bi , where a ∈  and b ∈  .

z = 3 + 4 i, z = 3 − 4 i, z = − 4 + 3 i, z = − 4 − 3i
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 158 (****+)

2−i
f ( z) = , z ∈  , z ≠ −i .
z+i

Find the greatest value of the modulus of z , given further that

1+ f ( z) = 2 .

FP4-U , z max = 4 5
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 159 (****+)

The complex function w = f ( z ) is defined by

1
w= , z ∈  , z ≠ 1.
z −1

π
The half line with equation arg z = is transformed by this function.
4

a) Find a Cartesian equation of the locus of the image of the half line.

b) Sketch the image of the locus in an Argand diagram.

2 2
( u+1
2 ) ( + v+1
2 ) = 1 , v < 0, u 2 + v 2 + u > 0
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 160 (****+)

3 tan θ − tan 3 θ
tan 3θ ≡ .
1 − 3tan 2 θ

a) Use De Moivre’s theorem to prove the validity of the above trigonometric

identity.

b) Hence find in exact trigonometric form the solutions of the equation

t 3 − 3t 2 − 3t + 1 = 0 .

c) Use the answer of part (b) to show further that

π 5π
tan 2 + tan 2 = 14 .
12 12

π 5π 3π
t = tan , tan , tan
12 12 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 161 (****+)

The locus L1 of a point in an Argand diagram satisfies

3π
arg ( z − 2 ) − arg ( z − 2i ) = , z ∈ .
4

a) Find a Cartesian equation for L1 .

b) Show that all the points which lie on L1 satisfy

z−4
=k,
z −1

where k is an integer to be found.

The locus L2 of a different point in the same Argand diagram satisfies

z −1 + z − 4 = 6 , z ∈  .

The point P lies on L1 and L1 .

c) Find the complex number represented by P .

L1 : x 2 + y 2 = 4, x > 0, y > 0 , k = 2 , P : 1 + 1 i 15
2 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 162 (****+)

Solve the equation

3
z 4 = −4 3 + 4i , z ∈  .

Give each of the roots in exponential form.

8π i − 62 πi 34π i − 38 πi 58π i −14 πi

z = 16e 9 = 16e 9 , z = 16e 9 = 16e 9 , z = 16e 9 = 16e 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 163 (****+)

2π i
The complex number w is defined as w = e 5 .

a) Prove that

1 + w + w2 + w3 + w4 = 0 .

(
b) Derive a quadratic equation with integer coefficients whose roots are w + w4 )
( )
and w2 + w3 , and hence show with full justification that

−1 + 5 −1 − 5
5( )
cos 2 π =
4 5 ( )
and cos 4 π =
4
.

FP2-U , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 164 (****+)

A complex transformation of points from the z plane onto points in the w plane is
defined by the equation

w = z2 , z ∈ .

The point represented by z = x + iy is mapped onto the point represented by w = u + iv .

Show that if z traces the curve with Cartesian equation

y2 = 2 x2 − 1 ,

the locus of w satisfies the equation

v 2 = 4 ( u − 1)( 2u − 1) .

proof

Question 165 (*****)

Find a solution of the equation

cos z = 2i sin z , z ∈  .

z = kπ − 12 iln3, k ∈ 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 166 (****+)

The complex number z lies in the region R of an Argand diagram, defined by the
inequalities

− 1 π ≤ arg z ≤ 2 π and z ≤1.

4 3

2
Determine, in exact surd form, the maximum value of w − z , where w = 1 + i 3 .

2
FP1-X , w − z = 5 + 6 − 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 167 (****+)

It is required to find the principal value of ii , in exact simplified form, where i is the
imaginary unit.

a) Show, with detailed workings, that

− 12 π
ii = e .

b) Use a different method to that used in part (a), to verify the exact answer given
in part (a).

SPX-M , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 168 (*****)

The finite sum C is given below.


 n  n n 
C=   ( −1) cos θ cos nθ  .
r =0
 r  

Given that n ∈  determine the 4 possible expressions for C .

Give the answers in exact fully simplified form.

SPX-M , n = 4k , k ∈  : C = cos nθ sin n θ , n = 4k + 1, k ∈  : C = sin nθ sin n θ ,

n = 4k + 2, k ∈  : C = − cos nθ sin n θ , n = 4k + 3, k ∈  : C = − sin nθ sin n θ

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 169 (*****)

The complex number w is defined as w = z z , where z = 1 + i .

Show, with details workings, that

− 14 π
w=e (1 + i ) cos ( ln k ) + ( −1 + i ) sin ( ln k )  ,

where (1 + i ) cos ( ln k ) + is an exact real constant to be found.

SPX-R , k = 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 170 (*****)

Use complex numbers to prove that

( )
cos 2 π = − 1 + 1 5
5 4 4

A detailed method must support this proof.

FP2-T , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 171 (*****)

Use De Moivre’s theorem to find a multiple angle cosine expression and use this
expression to show that

( )
cos36° = 1 1 + 5 .
4

SPX-A , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 172 (*****)

2 − iz
w= , z ∈ , z ≠ 0 .
z

The complex function w = f ( z ) , maps the point P ( x, y ) from the z complex plane
onto the point Q ( u , v ) on the w complex plane.

The curve C in the z complex plane is mapped in the w complex plane onto the
curve with equation

arg w = 1 π .
3

Determine a Cartesian equation of C , and hence find an exact simplified value for the
area of the finite region bounded by C , and the y axis.

2
SPX-L , (x + 3) 2
+ ( y + 1) = 4 ∪ x > 0 , 2 π − 3
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 173 (*****)

a) Show that

2cos 4θ
(1 + i tan θ )4 + (1 − i tan θ )4 ≡
cos 4 θ

b) By considering a suitable polynomial equation based on the result of part (a)

show further

i. ( )
8 ( )
tan 2 1 π tan 2 3 π = 1
8

ii. ( )
8 ( )
tan 2 1 π + tan 2 3 π = 6
8

SPX-L , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 174 (*****)

tan ( 3θ ° ) ≡ tan (θ ° ) × tan ( 60° − θ ° ) × tan ( 60° + θ ° )

Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity and hence show that

tan15° × tan85° = tan 55° × tan 65° .

SPX-O , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 175 (*****)

I=
 cos ( ln x ) dx and J =
 sin ( ln x ) dx

a) Use an appropriate method to find expressions for I and J .

b) Use the integral

 xi dx , where i is the imaginary unit, to verify the answers

given in part (a).

c) Find an exact simplified value for

π
e2

 1
2xi dx .

SPX-N , I = 1 x sin ( ln x ) + cos ( ln x )  , J = 1 x sin ( ln x ) − cos ( ln x )  ,

2 2
π
e2

 2 xi dx =  e 2 − 1 +  e 2 + 1 i
1π 1π

1    

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 176 (*****)

The complex number z has unit modulus and arg z = θ , −π < θ ≤ π .

The complex conjugate of z is denoted by z .

Using a detailed method, show that

 z (1 − z ) 
Re 
 z (1 + z ) 
( )
1
 = −2sin 2 θ .

SPX-K , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 177 (*****)

The complex number z = z1 + z2 where

z1 = 3 + 4i and z2 = 4eiθ , −π < θ ≤ π

a) Sketch in an Argand diagram the locus of z .

The complex number z3 lies on the locus of z such that the argument of z3 takes its
maximum value.

b) State the value of z3 .

c) Show clearly that

arg z3 = π − arctan 24
7
.

d) Find z3 in the form x + iy .

SPX-J , z3 = 3 , z max = 3 , z3 = − 75 + 24
5
i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 178 (*****)

In a standard Argand diagram the complex number 3 + i , represents one of the
vertices of a regular hexagon, with centre at the origin O .

The complex numbers that represent these 6 vertices are all raised to the power of 4 ,
creating a closed shape S , whose sides are straight line segments.

Determine the area of S .

SPX-B , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 179 (*****)

The complex number z is given by

2 ( a + b )(1 + i )
z= , a+b ≠ 0,
a + bi

where a and b are real parameters.

Show, that for all allowable values of a and b , the point represented by z is tracing a
circle, determining the coordinates of its centre and the size of its radius.

SPX-I , ( 2, 0 ) , r=2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 180 (*****)

Show clearly that the general solution of the equation

sin z = 2 , z ∈  ,

can be written in the form

π
z= ( 4k + 1) ± i arcosh 2 , k ∈ .
2

SPX-H , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 181 (*****)

( )
Use complex numbers to prove that cos 2 π is a solution of the cubic equation
7

x3 + x 2 − 2 x − 1 = 0 .

You may not use verification in this proof.

SPX-K , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 182 (*****)

Solve the following equation

3 z z + 20 z i = 125 , z ∈  .

Give the answer in the form x + i y , where x and y are real.

SPX-G , z = 3 − 4i

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 183 (*****)

The following convergent series S is given below

sin θ sin 2θ sin 3θ sin 4θ

S= − + − + ...
1! 2! 3! 4!

By considering the sum to infinity of a suitable series involving the complex

exponential function, show that

S = e− cosθ sin ( sin θ ) .

SPX-F , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 184 (*****)

The point P in an Argand diagram represents the complex number z , which satisfies

 z −1 − i  π
arg  = , z ≠ 2i .
 z − 2i  3

It further given that P lies on the arc AB of a circle centred at C and of radius r .

a) Sketch in an Argand diagram the circular arc AB , stating the coordinates of C

and the value of r .

b) Given further that PA = PB , find the complex number represented by P .

2 1
SPX-E , C  1 1 + 1 3 , 1 3 + 1 3  , r =
( ) ( ) , ( ) (
1+ 3 + 1 3 + 3 i )
2 3 2 3  3 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 185 (*****)

Find, in exact trigonometric form where appropriate, the real solutions of the following
polynomial equation

x 7 − 7 x 6 − 21x5 + 35 x 4 + 35 x3 − 21x 2 − 7 x + 1 = 0 .

π 
SPX-D , x = tan   , x = tan   , x = tan   , x = tan 
5π 9π 13π 
 ,
 28   28   28   28 
 17π   3π   25π 
x = tan   , x = tan   = −1 , x = tan  
 28   4   28 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 186 (*****)

By showing a detailed method involving complex numbers, sum the following series.


∞
 cos 2 1 nπ
( )  .
 6
 2 n 
n =0  

SPX-C , 3
2

Created by T. Madas