Module 4 Lecture V: Inverse Laplace Transforms

Advanced Engineering Mathematics

Engr. Neil S. Sereño, SOE, BiPSU-Naval Campus
February 2024

Lecture V
1. Inverse Laplace Transforms: Definition
2. Inverse Laplace Transforms Formulas
3. Worked Examples

1. Inverse Laplace Transforms: Definition


The relation given by the definition of Laplace transform, L F(t ) =  e−st F(t )dt = f (s) can also be denoted
0

as L
−1
f (s) = F(t ) . A reversed process of Laplace transformation known as the Inverse Laplace transform where
L−1 is the inverse Laplace transform operator. This procedure transforms the function f(s) into a function F(t ) . That
is L−1 f (s) = F(t ) .

2. Inverse Laplace Transforms Formulas

a   s−k  kt
(1) L−1   = a, a is any constant (15) L−1  2
= e cosh at
s   (s − k) 2
− a 
 1  t
n
L−1  n+1  =  s+k  − kt
(2) (16) L−1  2
= e cosh at
 s  n!  (s + k) − a 
2

−11 t n −1   kt
(3) L  n= (17) L−1 
a
= e sinh at
 s  (n − 1)! 2
 (s − k) − a 
2

 1  at
(4) L−1  =e  a  − kt
s − a  (18) L−1  2
= e sinh at
 (s + k) − a 
2

 1  − at
(5) L−1  =e
s + a  Note: Most inverse Laplace transformations
 1  at can be done by decomposing f(s) into
(6) L−1  =e
s − a  its equivalent partial fractions.
 a 
(7) L−1  2 2  = sin at
s + a 
 s 
(8) L−1  2 2  = cos at
s + a 
 s−k  kt
(9) L−1  2
= e cos at
 (s − k) − a 
2

 s+k  − kt
(10) L−1  2
= e cos at
 (s + k) + a 
2

 a  kt
(11) L−1  2
= e sin at
 (s − k) + a 
2

 a  − kt
(12) L−1  2
= e sin at
 (s + k) + a 
2

 a 
(13) L−1  2 2  = sinh at
s − a 
 s 
(14) L−1  2 2  = cosh at
s − a 
3. Worked Exercises

 6 − 6s + 5s 2 − 8s3  −1  6 6 5 8 
−1
1. L  =L  4 − 3 + 2 − 
 s4  s s s s 
6 6 5 8 
= L−1  4  − L−1  3  + L−1  2  − L−1  
s  s  s  s 
 6   6   5  8 
= L−1  3+1  − L−1  2+1  + L−1  1+1  − L−1  
s  s  s  s 
6t 3 6t 2 5t
= − + −8
3! 2! 1!
 6 − 6s + 5s 2 − 8s3  3
L−1  4  = t − 3t + 5t − 8
2

 s 
 3 2s   3   2s 
2. L−1  2 − 2  = L−1  2  − L−1  2 
s + 4 s + 9  s + 4  s + 9 
2 1   s 
= 3L−1   2 2  − 2 L−1  2 
2 s + 2  s + 9 
3 −1  2   s 
= L  2 2  − 2 L−1  2 
2 s + 2  s + 9 
 3 2s  1
L−1  2 − 2  = sin 2t − 2 cos 3t
s + 4 s + 9  2

 4s + 15  −1  4s 15 
3. L−1  2 =L  2 + 2  ; expressed as a sum of two similar fractions
 s −9  s − 9 s − 9 
 s 3 
= L−1 4  2 2 + 5  2 2 
 s −3 s −3 
 4s + 15 
L−1  2  = 5sinh 3t + 4 cosh 3t
 s −9 

2s + 3
4. f (s) = find F(t ).
s + 4s + 13
2

 2s + 3 
F(t ) = L−1 f (s) = L−1  2  ;simplify the f(s) before taking L f (s)
−1

 s + 4s + 13 
2s + 3 2s + 3 (2s + 3 + 1) − 1 2(s + 2) 1
→ 2 = = = −
(s + 4s + 4) + 9 (s + 2) + 32 2
(s + 2) + 3
2 2
(s + 2) + 3 (s + 2) 2 + 32
2 2

 2(s + 2) 1 
F(t ) = L−1  − 2
 (s + 2) + 3 (s + 2) + 3 
2 2 2

 (s + 2)  1 −1  3 
= 2 L−1  2
− L  2
 (s + 2) + 3  3  (s + 2) + 3 
2 2

1
F(t ) = 2e −2t cos 3t − e −2t sin 3t
3
 3s − 5
5. f(s) = Find F(t ).
s − 6s + 13
2

 3s − 5 
F(t ) = L−1 f(s) = L−1  2 
 s − 6s + 13 
 3s − 5  −1  3s − 5 
= L−1  2 =L  2
 (s − 6s + 9) + 4   (s− 3) + 2 
2

 3s − 5 − 4 + 4  −1  (3s − 9) + 4 
= L−1  2 
=L  2
 (s − 3) + 2   (s − 3) + 2 
2 2

 3(s − 3)  −1  4 
= L−1  2
+L  2
 (s − 3) + 2   (s − 3) + 2 
2 2

 s−3   2 
= 3L−1  2
+ 2 L−1  2
 (s − 3) + 2   (s − 3) + 2 
2 2

F(t ) = 3e cos 3t + 2e sin 2t

3t 3t

1
6. f(s) = 2 Find F(t ).
(s − 1)(s + 1)
 1 
F(t ) = L−1 f(s) = L−1  2 
 (s − 1)(s + 1) 
Simplify f(s);
1 1 1
→ f(s) = 2 = =
(s − 1)(s + 1) (s− 1)(s + 1)(s + 1) (s− 1)(s + 1)2
 1 
F(t ) = L−1 f(s) = L−1  2
 (s − 1)(s + 1) 
Decompose f(s) into its equivalent partial fractions;
1 A B C
→ = + +
(s − 1)(s + 1) 2
(s− 1) (s + 1) (s + 1)2
→ 1 = A(s + 1) 2 + B(s − 1)(s + 1) + C(s− 1)
→ 1 = A( s 2 + 2s + 1) + B(s 2 − 1) + Cs − C
→ 1 = A s 2 + 2As + A + Bs 2 − B + Cs − C
Equate the coefficients of s 2 ,s, and contstants from both sides of the equation;
→ 1 = A s 2 + 2As + A + Bs 2 − B + Cs − C
s 2 : 0 = A + B; B = −A
s : 0 = 2A + C; C = −2A
:1 = A − B − C; 1 = A − ( − A) − ( − 2A); 1 = A + A + 2A; 1 = 4A;
1 1 1 1
:A = , B = − , C = −2  = −
4 4 4 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
→ = − −
(s− 1)(s + 1) 2
4 (s− 1) 4 (s + 1) 2 (s + 1)2
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
f(s) = = − −
(s − 1)(s + 1) 4 (s − 1) 4 (s + 1) 2 (s + 1) 2
2

1 1 1 1 1 1 
F(t ) = L−1 f(s) = L−1  − − 2
 4 (s − 1) 4 (s + 1) 2 (s + 1) 
1 −1  1  1 −1  1  1 −1  1 
= L  − L  − L  
4  s − 1  4  s + 1  2  (s + 1)1+1 
1 1 1 t −t
= et − e − t − e
4 4 2 1!
1 1 1
F(t ) = et − e −t − te −t
4 4 2
2s + 3
7. f(s) = , Find F(t ).
(s + 4)3
 2s + 3 
F(t ) = L−1 f(s) = L−1  3
 (s + 4) 
 2s 3  −1  2s + 8 − 8 3 
= L−1  + 3
=L  + 
 (s + 4) (s+ 4)   (s+ 4) (s+ 4)3 
3 3

 (2s + 8) 8 3  −1  2(s + 4) 5 
= L−1  − + 3
=L  − 
 (s + 4) (s + 4) (s + 4)   (s + 4) (s + 4)3 
3 3 3

 2 5  −1  2 5 
= L−1  − 3
=L  1+1
− 2 +1 
 (s + 4) (s + 4)   (s + 4) (s + 4) 
2

2 −4t 5 2 −4t 5
= te − t e = 2te −4t − t 2 e −4t
1! 2! 2
 4 − 5t 
F(t ) = te −4t  
 2 
s +1
8. f(s) = 2 Find F(t ).
s + 6s + 25
 s +1 
F(t ) = L−1 f(s) = L−1  2 
 s + 6s + 25 
 s +1 
= L−1  2 
 (s + 6s + 9) + 16 
 s +1 
= L−1  2
 (s + 3) + 4 
2

 (s + 1 + 2) − 2 
= L−1  2 
 (s + 3) + 4 
2

 (s + 3) 2 
= L−1  − 2
 (s + 3) + 4 (s + 3) + 4 
2 2 2

 (s + 3)  −1  1 4 
= L−1  2
−L  2
 (s + 3) + 4   2 (s + 3) + 4 
2 2

1
F(t ) = e −3t cos 4t − e −3t sin 4t
2
 1 
F(t ) = e −3t  cos 4t − sin 4t 
 2 
 4s + 10 3
9. Y(s) = + Find y (t ).
(s + 1) (s + 1) 4
2

 4s + 10 3 
y (t ) = L−1 Y(s) = L−1  + 4
 (s + 1) (s + 1) 
2

 4s + 4 + 6 3  −1  4(s + 1) 6 3 
= L−1  + 4
=L  + + 4
 (s + 1) (s + 1)   (s + 1) (s + 1) (s + 1) 
2 2 2

 4 6 3 
= L−1  + 1+1
+ 
 s + 1 (s + 1) (s + 1)3+1 
6 3
y (t ) = 4e −t + te −t + t 3e −t
1! 3!
 1 
y (t ) =  4 + 6t + t 3  e −t
 2 
s −6
2
10. H(s) = 3 Find h(t ).
s + 4s 2 + 3s
 s2 − 6 
h(t ) = L−1 Y(s) = L−1  3 
 s + 4s + 3s 
2

 s 2 − 6  −1  s 2 − 6 
= L−1  2 =L  
 s(s + 4s + 3)   s(s + 1)(s + 3) 
s2 − 6 A B C
→ = + +
s(s + 1)(s + 3) s s + 1 s + 3
s2 − 6 (0) 2 − 6 −6
→A= = = = −2
(s + 1)(s + 3) s =0 (0 + 1)(0 + 3) 3
s2 − 6 (−1) 2 − 6 −5 5
→B= = = =
s(s + 3) s =−1 −1(−1 + 3) −2 2
s2 − 6 (−3) 2 − 6 3 1
→C= = = =
s(s + 1) s =−3 −3(−3 + 1) 6 2
A B C  −1  2 5 1 1 1 
= L−1  + +  = L − + + 
 s s +1 s + 3  s 2 s +1 2 s + 3 
5 1
h(t ) = −2 + e −t + e −3t
2 2