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Lecture 9

Modal analysis can be used to analyze multi-degree-of-freedom building systems by approximating story masses. Each mode of vibration has a natural period and unique deflected shape. When ground motion is applied, the building responds through a combination of mode shapes with periods close to the input motion responding more. Each mode can be represented by an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system. Modal analysis is important for irregular buildings where two-dimensional analysis may not capture the full behavior and three-dimensional effects like torsion must be considered. Higher modes may be significant for moderate to high-rise buildings.

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27 views10 pages

Lecture 9

Modal analysis can be used to analyze multi-degree-of-freedom building systems by approximating story masses. Each mode of vibration has a natural period and unique deflected shape. When ground motion is applied, the building responds through a combination of mode shapes with periods close to the input motion responding more. Each mode can be represented by an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system. Modal analysis is important for irregular buildings where two-dimensional analysis may not capture the full behavior and three-dimensional effects like torsion must be considered. Higher modes may be significant for moderate to high-rise buildings.

Uploaded by

Zeeshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture # 09

Modal Analysis or Eigen Value Analysis


/Period based on Modal Analysis

Organized by Dr.Aslam Faqeer Mohammad 131


Modal Analysis
Buildings may be analyzed as multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems by lumping
story-masses at intervals along the length of a vertically cantilevered pole.

During vibration, each mass will deflect in one direction or another.

For higher modes of vibration, some masses may move in opposite directions. Or all
masses may simultaneously deflect in the same direction as in the fundamental mode.

An idealized MDOF system has a number of modes equal to the number of masses.

Each mode has its own natural period of vibration with a unique mode shaped by a
line connecting the deflected masses (known as eigenvector).

When ground motion is applied to the base of the multi-mass system, the deflected
shape of the system is a combination of all mode shaped, but modes having periods
near predominant periods of the base motion will be excited more than the other
modes.

Each mode of a multi-mass system can be represented by an equivalent single-mass


system having generalized values M and K for mass and stiffness.
Organized by Dr.Aslam Faqeer Mohammad 132
Modal Analysis
The generalized values represent the equivalent combined effects of story masses m1,
m2, . . . and stiffness k1, k2, . . . . This concept, shown in Fig.

Organized by Dr.Aslam Faqeer Mohammad 133


Importance of Modal Analysis
Buildings with symmetrical shape, stiffness, and mass distribution and with vertical
continuity and uniformity behave in a fairly predictable manner a two-dimensional
model is generally sufficient.

Whereas when buildings are eccentric or have areas of discontinuity or irregularity,


the behavioral characteristics are very complex.

Or when the floor plan aspect ratio (length-to-width) of the building is large, torsion
response may be predominant. Thus, three-dimensional methods of analysis are
required as each mode shape is defined in three dimensions by the longitudinal and
transverse displacement and the rotation about a vertical axis.

For moderate- to-high-rise buildings, the effects of higher modes may be significant.
Organized by Dr.Aslam Faqeer Mohammad 134
Typical Example of Modal Analysis

For a fairly uniform building, the dynamic characteristics can be approximated


using the general modal relationship shown in Table below.

Organized by Dr.Aslam Faqeer Mohammad 135


Period Calculation by Modal Analysis
The equation of motion for free vibration of a multiple-degree-of-freedom structural
system is

where [K] = the stiffness matrix of the structural system;


[M] = the mass matrix of the structural system;
{v} = the displacement vector of the structural system;
and w = angular frequency.
Or w2 = l = Eigen values
The mass of the roof and the floors is

= 1000/386.4 =2.60 kip-sec2/in

Organized by Dr.Aslam Faqeer Mohammad 136


Organized by Dr.Aslam Faqeer Mohammad 137
Organized by Dr.Aslam Faqeer Mohammad 138
Period Calculation by Modal Analysis

 600  400 400 0   2.6 0 0 


   
=  400 400  300 300   w 2  0 2.6 0 
 0 300 300   0 0 2.6 
  

Say w2 = l = Eigenvalues

Setting the determinant equation to zero, that is,

det ([K] –l[M])= {0}

results in the 1st modal frequency w1 = l1 = 5.94 rad/sec,

the 2nd modal frequency w2 = l2 = 15.20 rad/sec,


and the 3rd modal frequency w3 = l3 = 22.43 rad/sec.

Organized by Dr.Aslam Faqeer Mohammad 139


Organized by Dr.Aslam Faqeer Mohammad 140

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