WEATHER

IoT Based Weather Station Project Report 2023
CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION

Climatic change and environmental monitoring have received much attention recently. Man
wants to stay updated about the latest weather conditions of any place like a college
campus or any other particular building. Since the world is changing so fast so there
should be the weather stations. Here in this paper we present a weather station that is very
helpful for any places. This weather station is based on IOT (internet of things). It is
equipped with environmental sensors used for measurements at any particular place and
report them in real time on cloud. To accomplish this we used Arduino Uno and different
environmental sensors like DHT11, Gas sensor and rain drop sensor .The sensors constantly
sense the weather parameters and keeps on transmitting it to the online web server over a
wifi connection. The weather parameters are uploaded on the cloud and then provides the
live reporting of weather information. This paper also focuses on the IOT application in the
new generation of environmental information and provides a new paradigm for
environmental monitoring in future. The system has been development particularly in the
view of building smart city by giving the weather update of any particular place like a
particular office or room. today’s world many pollution monitoring systems are designed by
different environmental parameters. Existing system model is presented IOT based Weather
monitoring and reporting system where you can collect, process, analyze, and present your
measured data on web server. Wireless sensor network management model consists of end
device, router, gateway node and management monitoring center. End device is responsible
for collecting wireless sensor network data, and sending them to parent node, then data
are sent to gateway node from parent node directly or by router. After receiving the data
from wireless sensor network, gateway node extracts data after analyzing and packaging
them into Ethernet format data, sends them to the server. Less formally, any device that
runs server software. could be considered a server as well. Servers are used to manage
network resources. The services or information provided through the Internet that are
connected through LAN and made available for users via smart phones, web browser or
other web browser devices to make the system more intelligent, adaptable and efficient.
MSc Computer Science 1 CAS Kuttikkanam

IOT BASED WIRELESS WEATHER STATION PROJECT REPORT 2024
1.0 AIM AND OJECTIVE
 The main aim of this project is to collect local weather

 System will collect Temperature, Humidity, Rain status
 These data will uploaded to web server
 Uploaded Data can view on webpage dashboard /App
 We can analyze the data and export to various chart and graphs
 The graphs can be used to predict the future climate

CHAPTER 02: SYSTEM STUDY
System study is concerned with studying with existing system and find what changes
should be in the existing system to make the system more efficient. Proposals of new
system have been this phase it is first phase of any project.
2.0 EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing system use local network for the data analysing and have problems for
remote access. Some of the limitations of existing system are follows
 Existing weather monitoring systems that are used generally consist of

unconventional and heavy machinery that consists of number of moving
parts that require constant maintenance and need to be monitored and
changed frequently.
 Power requirements are one of many major constraints as these
instruments are generally sited far from main power supply. This made
instruments costly.
 Thermometers to measure external Temperature; But accurate is still not
updated and continuously needs to be checked regularly for any change in
temperature.
 Data collected by the instruments needs to be manually transferred from
the system to a Laptop or computer via a cable.
2.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed model works with IoT and smart sensors and it does have provision of
remote sensing and data streaming facility compared to traditional systems and some
major features are follows
 Automated data collection and logging capability

 Electronic sensors are more accurate and cost effective than mechanical sensors
 Fast Response without delay in processing
 Data can be interpenetrated in MATLAB for future perdition

CHAPTER 3: EMBEDDED SYSTEM

An embedded system can be described as one consisting of a processor,
associated peripherals and software used for a specific purpose. Embedded systems
have already improved our lives in numerous ways. A good example is an automatic
washing machine or a microwave oven. Embedded system does not require a
complete operating system, which may make the system bulky, but only the basic
functionalities of an operating system, is needed. All embedded systems need
microprocessor and the kind of microprocessors used in them are quite varied.
Embedded systems have already improved our lives in numerous ways. Such a
system is in direct contrast to personal computer, which is not designed to do a
specific task. The PC aids us in drafting a letter, in computing at a faster rate, in
chatting with friends and so on, but an embedded system is designed to do a specific
task within a given time frame, repeatedly, endlessly with or without human
intervention. Unlike a PC, embedded system does not require a complete operating
system, but only the basic functionalities of an operating system are needed.
Software for the embedded system must handle problems beyond those found in
application software for desk computers or mainframe computers. Embedded
software often have several things to do at once, respond to external events, cope
with unusual conditions without human intervention, while being subjected to
deadlines etc. All Embedded systems do not have the same hardware and software,
which is why these systems perform, varied task. An Embedded System can be
described as one of a processor, associated peripherals and software used for a
specific purpose, Example multimeter.All Embedded system consists of following
parts
3.0 COMPONENTS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
Most of the embedded product consists of two power unit they are +5v DC for running
microprocessor and digital circuit and +12v for driving motors and relays,alarms etc.

INPUT DEVICES
The input devices collect the data from users or direct environment the major
input devices are KEYPAD,RFID TAG,Sensors etc. Usually the keypad,RFID Tags are
user triggered digital input devices it means that the user can directly fed the data
and out is taken as in the form of digital..The sensors are analog in nature whose
output varies independent of user. It behaves differently in deferent environment,
Eg: Temperature Sensor.
MICROCONTROLLER UNIT
this is the heart of embedded system. It collect,process,store the data. When

appropriate processing is done it give command to output devices for taking
action..for eg:if temperature is high then the microcontroller given a command on
relay for activating cooling fan.
OUTPUT DEVICES
The output devices are designed for serving user need for eg LCD displays data,motor
drives a robot,relay drives a lamp,solenoid valve control water outlet,and so on
EXTERNAL MODULES
The External module provides communication interface between embeddes system

product and user via wireless link,serial data,usb or even GSM Mobile network. so
we can control our embedded product from any ware
REAL TIME CLOCK
The RTC generate time stamp for event recording...for eg:recording temperature of
atmosphere in different times in a day..this is an optional component
EXTERNAL MEMORY
If we need to store huge amount of data large external memory chip is used, this is an
optional component.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
Embedded system is a combination of hardware, software and perhaps

additional mechanical parts designed to perform a specific function. All embedded
systems need a microprocessor and the kinds of microprocessor used in them are
quiet varied.
3.1 REQUIREMENTS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
 RELIABILITY :
Embedded systems have to work without the need for the rebooting or
resetting typical of many desktop systems. This calls foe very reliable hardware and
software. However, embedded software developers must take the reliability of the
hardware, as well as that of the software, of paramount importance because the
system is not readily accessible to human intervention.

 COST EFFECTIVENESS :
An embedded system is designed for a very special purpose. If the embedded

system is for mass market, cost is a major consideration. Choosing the right
processor, memory devices, and peripherals to meet the functionality and
performance requirements while keeping the cost reasonable is of critical
importance.
 LOW POWER CONSUMPTION :
Many embedded systems are powered by batteries, rather than a main

supply. In such cases, the power consumption should be minimized to avoid graining
the batteries. Hardware designers must address this issue.
 EFFICIENT USE OF PROCESSING POWER :
A wide variety of processors with varying processing powers are available to

embedded systems. Developers must keep processing power, memory, and cost in
mind when choosing the right processor. Processor is the term generally used to
refer to a micro-controller, a microprocessor, or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) used
in embedded systems. The processing power requirement is specified in million
instructions per second (MIPS). The MIPS requirement for the application has to be
estimated first, and, given this estimate, the developer can choose the processor.
 EFFICIENT USE OF MEMORY :
Most embedded systems do not have secondary storage such as hard disk.
The memory chips available on the embedded systems are only Read-Only Memory
(ROM), to hold the program; and Random Access Memory (RAM), to hold the data.
Depending on the functionality, the developer may determine the program size and
the data size based on which memory requirements are more important. The cost of
memory is certainly going down, but even one dollar can make a big difference.
 APPROPRIATE EXECUTION TIME :
In real-time embedded systems, certain tasks must be performed within a

specified time. Normally, desktop PC’s cannot achieve real-time performance.

Therefore, special operating systems, known as real-time operating systems, run on

these embedded systems. In hard real-time embedded systems, which are subject to
very strict deadlines for performing specific tasks, as the timing analysis is of great
importance. The software developers need to ascertain whether the embedded
system is a hard real-time system or a soft real-time system and perform the
performance analysis accordingly. The performance requirement also calls for code
optimization to the maximum possible extend.
3.2 ADVANTAGES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

The advantages of embedded system are:
 HIGHER PERFORMANCE:
The integration of various ICs shortens the traveling route and time of data to
be transmitted resulting in higher performance.
 LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION:
The integration of various ICs eliminates buffers and other interface circuits.
As the number of components is reduced less power will be consumed.
 SLIMMER AND MORE COMPACT:
Housed in a single separate package, the chip is smaller in size and therefore
occupies less space on the PCB. Hence products using embedded system are slimmer
and more compact.
 REDUCED DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM:
The systems on a chip provide all the functionalities required by the system.
Systems designers need not worry about the basic function of the system- right from
the beginning of the design phase, they can focus on the development of new
features. As a result, the time spends on research and development is reduced and
this in turn reduces the time to market of their products.

CHAPTER 04: INTERNET OF THINGS
This project work is based on IoT Technology The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly
expanding technology that is shaping up to bring the next revolution in computing and
information technologies. IoT system has applications across industries through their unique
flexibility and ability to be suitable in any environment. It is an advanced automation and
analytics system that exploit networking, sensing, big data, and artificial intelligence
technology to deliver complete system for a product. The IoT is removing repetitive tasks or
creating things that just weren't possible before, enabling more people to do more
rewarding tasks and leaving the machines to do the repetitive job. This tutorial explores the
key concepts of IoT and provide in detail information also.OverviewThe "Internet of things"
(IoT) has become a growing topic. But what exactly the "Internet of things" is and what
impact is it going to have on you? So let's understand a few things. In our day to day life, we
see many devices like mobiles, routers, laptops, tablets etc which are connected to internet.
Hence, internet of things is a combination or system of all these devices which are
connected to internet . All these devices communicate with each other and provide some
better result for us. So Internet of things is basically a combination of all these devices that
are connected to internet. For Exm- In case of a car accident, a help could be called on the
accident spot by the car that has a GPS unit which is connected to the internet. Research
group such as Gartner and ABI Research estimate that by 2020 there will be between 26 to
30 billion devices wirelessly connected to the IOT. And the resulting information network
promises to create a new business model and improve business processes and
performance,while also reducing cost and potential risk.
We have provided few examples so that you will get clear idea of
IoT. Example-1
Imagine you have put sensors on your doors and windows and you forget to close them
while going out then all doors and windows would be shut automatically and you would
receive a message on your phone stating that the house has been locked.

Example-2
Now imagine if a problem occurs with your car and there's a device in the car that allows
you to communicate with the car manufacturer and resolve the problem yourself. For
example, in case of increased engine temperature ,you could communicate with the
manufacturer through that device and he would notify you on your phone and resolve your
problem.
Example-3
The day will come, not far from now when your alarm will be synced to your email account
and if early meeting is cancelled, your alarm will automatically reset to a later time, which
will also postpone the coffee machine to the new wake-up time. Your fridge will know
what's in it and place online order to replenish stocks without you having to do anything.
4.0 TERMS AND BASIC DEFINITIONS
We've provided a glossary defining the Internet of Things.
1. Internet of Things: A network of internet-connected objects able to collect and exchange

data using embedded sensors.
2. Internet of Things device: Any stand-alone internet-connected device that can be

monitored and/or controlled from a remote location.
3. Internet of Things ecosystem: All the components that enable businesses, governments,
and consumers to connect to their IoT devices, including remotes, dashboards, networks,
gateways, analytics, data storage, and security.
4. Physical layer: The hardware that makes an IoT device, including sensors and networking
gear.

5. Network layer: Responsible for transmitting the data collected by the physical layer to
different devices.
6. Application layer: This includes the protocols and interfaces that devices use to identify
and communicate with each other.
7. Remotes: Enable entities that utilize IoT devices to connect with and control them using a
dashboard, such as a mobile application. They include smartphones, tablets, PCs,
smartwatches, connected TVs, and nontraditional remotes.
8. Dashboard: Displays information about the IoT ecosystem to users and enables them to
control their IoT ecosystem. It is generally housed on a remote.
9. Analytics: Software systems that analyze the data generated by IoT devices. The analysis
can be used for a variety of scenarios, such as predictive maintenance.
10. Data storage: Where data from IoT devices is stored.
11. Networks: The internet communication layer that enables the entity to communicate
with their device, and sometimes enables devices to communicate with each other.
4.1 ADVANTAGES OF IOT
1. Data:
The more the information, the easier it is to make the right decision. Knowing what to get
from the grocery while you are out, without having to check on your own, not only saves
time but is convenient as well.

2. Tracking:
The computers keep a track both on the quality and the viability of things at home. Knowing
the expiration date of products before one consumes them improves safety and quality of
life. Also, you will never run out of anything when you need it at the last moment.
3. Efficient and Saves Time:
The machine-to-machine interaction provides better efficiency, hence accurate results can
be obtained fast. This results in saving valuable time. Instead of repeating the same tasks
every day, it enables people to do other creative jobs.
4. Saves Money:
The biggest advantage of IoT is saving money. If the price of the tagging and monitoring
equipment is less than the amount of money saved, then the Internet of Things will be very
widely adopted. IoT fundamentally proves to be very helpful to people in their daily routines
by making the appliances communicate to each other in an effective manner thereby saving
and conserving energy and cost. Allowing the data to be communicated and shared
between devices and then translating it into our required way, it makes our systems
efficient.
5. Communication:
IoT encourages the communication between devices, also famously known as Machine-to-
Machine (M2M) communication. Because of this, the physical devices are able to stay
connected and hence the total transparency is available with lesser inefficiencies and
greater quality.

6. Better Quality of Life:
All the applications of this technology culminate in increased comfort, convenience, and
better management, thereby improving the quality of life.
4.2 DISADVANTAGES OF IOT
1. Compatibility:
As of now, there is no standard for tagging and monitoring with sensors. A uniform concept
like the USB or Bluetooth is required which should not be that difficult to do. Devices from
different manufacturers will be interconnected so the issue of compatibility in tagging and
monitoring crops up. Although this disadvantage may drop off if all the manufacturers agree
to a common standard, even after that, technical issues will persist. Today, we have
Bluetooth-enabled devices and compatibility problems exist even in this technology.
2. Complexity:
There are several opportunities for failure with complex systems. The IoT is a diverse and
complex network. Any failure or bugs in the software or hardware will have serious
consequences. Even power failure can cause a lot of inconvenience. For example, both you
and your spouse may receive messages that the milk is over and both of you may end up
buying the same. That leaves you with double the quantity required. Or there is a software
bug causing the printer to order ink multiple times when it requires a single cartridge.
3. Loss of privacy and security:
Privacy is a big issue with IoT. All the data must be encrypted. As all the household
appliances, industrial machinery, public sector services like water supply and transport, and
many other devices all are connected to the Internet, a lot of information is available on it.
This

information is prone to attack by hackers. It would be very disastrous if private and

confidential information is accessed by unauthorized intruders.
4. Safety:
There is a chance that the software can be hacked and your personal information misused.
The possibilities are endless. Your prescription being changed or your account details being
hacked could put you at risk. Hence, all the safety risks become the consumer’s
responsibility.
5. Technology Takes Control of Life:
Our lives will be increasingly controlled by technology, and will be dependent on it. The
younger generation is already addicted to technology for every little thing. We have to
decide how much of our daily lives are we willing to mechanize and be controlled by
technology.

CHAPTER 05 PROJECT BUILDING BLOCKS
The above fig represents functional block diagram of wireless weather station. In this project, we
present the design and implementation of a weather station using NodeMCU (ESP8266)
microcontroller. The NodeMCU serves as the central processing unit, leveraging its WiFi capabilities
to connect to the Internet and retrieve real-time weather data. The system incorporates sensors for
temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure, providing comprehensive weather information.
The primary components include a DHT11 or DHT22 sensor for temperature and humidity readings,
the rain sensor will check there is rainfall occurs or not. the major building block of project are
follows
 Node MCU
 Blynk Server
 DHT 11 Sensor
 Rainfall Sensor

5.0 NODE MCU ESP 8266

It is the heart of the overall system, it collect and send the data to network using wifi
networks , The ESP8266 is the name of a micro controller designed by Espressif
Systems. The ESP8266 itself is a self-contained WiFi networking solution offering as a
bridge from existing micro controller to WiFi and is also capable of running self-
contained applications. This module comes with a built in USB connector and a rich
assortment of pin-outs. With a micro USB cable, you can connect NodeMCU devkit to
your laptop and flash it without any trouble, just like Arduino. It is also immediately
breadboard friendly.

The most basic way to use the ESP8266 module is to use serial commands, as the chip
is basically a WiFi/Serial transceiver. However, this is not convenient. What we
recommend is using the very cool Arduino ESP8266 project, which is a modified
version of the Arduino IDE that you need to install on your computer. This makes it
very convenient to use the ESP8266 chip as we will be using the well-known Arduino
IDE
PIN DIAGRAM
The module is mainly based on ESP8266 that is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip

incorporating both a full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability. It is introduced
by manufacturer Espressif Systems. The ESP8266 NodeMcu is a complex device,
which combines some features of the ordinary Arduino board with the possibility of
connecting to the internet. Arduino Modules and Microcontrollers have always been
a great choice to incorporate automation into the relevant project. But these modules
come with a little drawback as they don’t feature a built-in WiFi capability,

subsequently, we need to add external WiFi protocol into these devices to make
them compatible with the internet channel. NodeMCU V3 is an open-source firmware
and development kit that plays a vital role
Features
 Open-source
 Arduino-like hardware
 Status LED
 MicroUSB port
 Reset/Flash buttons
 Interactive and Programmable
 Low cost
 ESP8266 with inbuilt wifi
 USB to UART converter
 GPIO pins
 Arduino-like hardware IO
 Advanced API for hardware IO, which can dramatically reduce the
redundant work for configuring and manipulating hardware.

 Code like Arduino, but interactively in Lua script
 Nodes style network API
 Event-driven API for network applicaitons, which faciliates developers
writing code running on a 5mm*5mm sized MCU in Nodejs style.

 Greatly speed up your IOT application developing process.
 Lowest cost WI-FI
 integrated and esay to prototyping development kit.
 Low power operation and long range

5.1 ONLINE BLYNK CLOUD SERVER

The blynk server act as data server for uploading the sensor data to remote user
via live data streaming with free of cost. Blynk is an Internet of Things Platform aimed to
simplify building mobile and web applications for the Internet of Things. Easily
connect lot of hardware models like Arduino, ESP8266, ESP32, Raspberry Pi and
similar MCUs Blynk Server is an Open-Source Netty based Java server, responsible for
forwarding messages between Blynk mobile application and various microcontroller
boards and SBCs (i.e.
Arduino, Raspberry Pi. etc). Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can
control hardware remotely, it can display sensor data, it can store data, visualize it and
do many other cool things.
There are three major components in the platform:

 Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using
various widgets we provide.
 Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the smartphone
and hardware. You can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk server
locally. It’s open-source, could easily handle thousands of devices and can even
be launched on a Raspberry Pi.
 Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable communication with
the server and process all the incoming and out comingcommands.
Now imagine: every time you press a Button in the Blynk app, the message travels to
space
the Blynk Cloud, where it magically finds its way to your hardware. It works the same in
the opposite direction and everything happens in a blynk of an eye.
FEATURES OF BLYNK
 Similar API & UI for all supported hardware & devices

 Connection to the cloud using:
1. WiFi
2. Bluetooth and BLE

3. Ethernet
4. USB (Serial)
5. GSM
 Set of easy-to-use Widgets

 Direct pin manipulation with no code writing
 Easy to integrate and add new functionality using virtual pins
 History data monitoring via SuperChart widget
 Device-to-Device communication using Bridge Widget
 Sending emails, tweets, push notifications, etc.
GETTING STARTED WITH BLYNK SERVER
In order to start blynk server application we must follow the steps
1. Create a Blynk Account

After you download the Blynk App, you’ll need to create a New Blynk account. This
account is separate from the accounts used for the Blynk Forums, in case you already
have one.
2. Create a New Project

After you’ve successfully logged into your account, start by creating a new project.
3. Choose Your Hardware

Select the hardware model you will use.Here we use ESP8266 Node MCU WiFi
4. Auth Token
Auth Token is a unique identifier which is needed to connect your hardware to your
smartphone. Every new project you create will have its own Auth Token. You’ll get Auth
Token automatically on your email after project creation. You can also copy it manually.
Click on devices section and selected required device for eg "dfredefw82398e42323" is
an example of token It’s very convenient to send it over e-mail. Press the e-mail
button and the token will be sent to the e-mail address you used for registration. You
can also tap on the Token line and it will be copied to the clipboard

5.2 DHT11 TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY SENSOR
It is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive
humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a digital
signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). Its fairly simple to use, but requires
careful timing to grab data. The only real downside of this sensor is you can only get new
data from it once every 2 seconds, so when using our library, sensor readings can be up to 2
seconds old.
Specifications
 Low cost
 3 to 5V power and I/O
 2.5mA max current use during conversion (while requesting data)
 Good for 20-80% humidity readings with 5% accuracy
 Good for 0-50°C temperature readings ±2°C accuracy
 No more than 1 Hz sampling rate (once every second)
 Body size 15.5mm x 12mm x 5.5mm
 4 pins with 0.1" spacing

5.3 RAINFALL SENSOR

Rainfall sensors typically work based on the principles of conductivity or capacitance, depending on the specific type of
sensor. Below are explanations of two common types of rainfall sensors and how they work:Working Principle: This type
of sensor measures the electrical conductivity between two conductive plates. When raindrops fall on the plates, they
create a conductive path, allowing current to flow between the plates. The change in conductivity is then used to detect
the presence of rain.In dry conditions, there is minimal conductivity between the plates.When raindrops fall on the
plates, they create a conductive path, completing the circuit. The microcontroller detects the change in conductivity and
interprets it as rainfall. Regardless of the type of rainfall sensor, the NodeMCU can be used to read the sensor output,
process the data, and send relevant information to a display unit or an online platform. For conductive sensors, you may
use digital or analog pins to read the conductivity level. For capacitive sensors, the microcontroller can measure changes
in capacitance. The NodeMCU code should include logic to interpret the sensor readings, set rainfall thresholds, and
trigger appropriate actions or notifications when rainfall is detected. The rainfall data can be visualized on a local display
or uploaded to an online platform for remote monitoring. Integrating the rainfall information with your weather station
data provides a comprehensive view of environmental conditions.

CHAPTER 06: SOFTWARE SECTION

Here we use two programming language for developing this project, at front end we
use special android interface with java script for view the live status of home and it is
used for sending turn on off commands to the node MCU The hardware section is
controlled by embedded system and written in embedded C language
1. Embedded C For Hardware back end connectivity

2. Blynk API Front End
6.1HARDWARE ARDUINO IDE & EMBEDDED C (BACK END)

The Arduino IDE is a cross-platform application written in Java, and is derived from
the IDE for the Processing programming language and the Wiring project. It is
designed to introduce programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with
software development. It includes a code editor with features such as syntax
highlighting, brace matching, and automatic indentation, and is also capable of
compiling and uploading programs to the board with a single click. There is typically no
need to edit make files or run programs on a command-line interface. Although
building on command-line is possible if required with some third-party tools such a Ino.
The Arduino IDE comes with a C/C++ library called "Wiring" (from the project of the
same name), which makes many common input/output operations much easier.
Arduino programs are written in C/C++.

1.
6.2 Program Code

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL3MAg-MBcA"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "WEATHER STATION"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "0Bb1gtQT93zJ7AwvA4AFHbd9ZYOQFiXz"
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
#include <SimpleTimer.h>
SimpleTimer timer;
char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN;
char ssid[] = "NET";
char pass[] = "12345678";
int i,x,y,z;
#define LED 16
#define S3 A0
#include "DHT.h"
#define DHTPIN 5

#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
int temp;
int hum;
void setup()
pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
dht.begin();
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass, "blynk.cloud", 80);
timer.setInterval(500, sendUptime);
void sendUptime()
int h = dht.readHumidity();
int t = dht.readTemperature();
Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, t);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, h);
x=analogRead(S3);
Serial.println(t);
Serial.println(h);
Serial.println(x);
if(x<1020)
y=1;
Blynk.logEvent("event0","Rain Detected!");
Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, y);
if(x>1020)
{
y=0;
Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, y);
void loop()
Blynk.run();
timer.run();

6.2 BLYNK APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM (FRONT END)
The blynk server act as data server for controlling home appliances and sensor
d at a to remote user via live data streaming with free of cost. Blynk is an Internet of
Things Platform aimed to simplify building mobile and web applications for the Internet
of Things. This platform use java script for connection between client and server Easily
connect lot of hardware models like Arduino, ESP8266, ESP32, Raspberry Pi and similar
MCUs Blynk Server is an Open-Source Netty based Java server, responsible for
forwarding messages between Blynk mobile application and various microcontroller
boards and SBCs (i.e.
Arduino, Raspberry Pi. etc). Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can
control hardware remotely, it can display sensor data, it can store data, visualize it and
do many other cool things.
There are three major components in the platform:

 Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using
various widgets we provide.
 Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the smartphone
and hardware. You can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk server
locally. It’s open-source, could easily handle thousands of devices and can even
be launched on a Raspberry Pi.
 Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable communication with
the server and process all the incoming and out comingcommands.
Now imagine: every time you press a Button in the Blynk app, the message travels to
space
the Blynk Cloud, where it magically finds its way to your hardware. It works the same in
the opposite direction and everything happens in a blynk of an eye.

CHAPTER 07: PROJECT FEATURES
7.0 ADVANTGES
1. Global connectivity for local weather
2. Fast early warning capability for Earthquake, heavy wind, and tsunami.
3. Data analyzing and visualization technology
4. Unlimited data entry point
5. Low power consumption
6. Provision for remote controlling
7. Data can be used for future weather prediction
7.1 LIMITATIONS
1. High initial cost
2. WiFi connection is needed
3. Initial calibration required

7.2 PROPOSED APPLICATIONS
Some of proposed real world applications of this system are given below
 Weather reporting
 Space Explorations
 Early warning stations
 Geographical And environmental study
 Defense Applications
 Security Applications
 Industrial Applications
 Avionics and marine applications

CHAPTER 08 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE

SCOPE
Global warming has lead to unpredictable climates; researchers around the world
are using weather stations to observe record and analyze weather patterns to
study climate changes and provide weather forecasts. These Weather stations
normally comprise of few sensors to measure environmental parameters and a
monitoring or logging system to analyze these parameters. This project is very
useful in frequently occurring natural disaster areas and analyzing the changes in
environmental parameters. A lot of effort and hard work were put into this
project. A lot of practical issues aroused during the design and implementation.
This project demanded a lot of research on various technologies. The practical
implementation of knowledge gained from various sources was really a challenge.
In spite of many difficulties however it was really an interesting experience
working on this project. This project helped to understand how or what are the
procedures involved in transforming a simple idea is to a successfully working
model. This project gave an opportunity to acquire a lot of knowledge on,
Microcontrollers, metrological sensors & IoT. In future this system is very helpful
for navigation and exploration with automatic warning capabilities

08 REFERENCES
BOOKS
1. ATMEL microcontrollers By- John B. Peatman
2. Electronic communication systems By -wayne tomasi
3. Radio communication in digital age By- Harris
4. Micro controllers By- Ajay v deshmukh
5. android programming by b.m harwani
WEB SITES
1. www.wikipedia.com
2. www.microchip.com
3. http://extremeelectronics.co.in
4. https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-the-internet-of-things-everyth
ing-you-need-to-know-about-the-iot-right-now/
5. www.datasheetachrive.com

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IoT Based Weather Station Project Report 2023

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION

MSc Computer Science 1 CAS Kuttikkanam

1.0 AIM AND OJECTIVE

 The main aim of this project is to collect local weather

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CHAPTER 02: SYSTEM STUDY

 Existing weather monitoring systems that are used generally consist of

2.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM

 Automated data collection and logging capability

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CHAPTER 3: EMBEDDED SYSTEM

3.0 COMPONENTS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

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this is the heart of embedded system. It collect,process,store the data. When

The External module provides communication interface between embeddes system

REAL TIME CLOCK

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EMBEDDED SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY

Embedded system is a combination of hardware, software and perhaps

3.1 REQUIREMENTS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

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An embedded system is designed for a very special purpose. If the embedded

 LOW POWER CONSUMPTION :

Many embedded systems are powered by batteries, rather than a main

 EFFICIENT USE OF PROCESSING POWER :

A wide variety of processors with varying processing powers are available to

 EFFICIENT USE OF MEMORY :

 APPROPRIATE EXECUTION TIME :

In real-time embedded systems, certain tasks must be performed within a

MSc Computer Science 7 CAS Kuttikkanam

Therefore, special operating systems, known as real-time operating systems, run on

3.2 ADVANTAGES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

 LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION:

 SLIMMER AND MORE COMPACT:

 REDUCED DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM:

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CHAPTER 04: INTERNET OF THINGS

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4.0 TERMS AND BASIC DEFINITIONS

We've provided a glossary defining the Internet of Things.

1. Internet of Things: A network of internet-connected objects able to collect and exchange

2. Internet of Things device: Any stand-alone internet-connected device that can be

MSc Computer Science 10 CAS Kuttikkanam

10. Data storage: Where data from IoT devices is stored.

4.1 ADVANTAGES OF IOT

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3. Efficient and Saves Time:

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6. Better Quality of Life:

4.2 DISADVANTAGES OF IOT

3. Loss of privacy and security:

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information is prone to attack by hackers. It would be very disastrous if private and

5. Technology Takes Control of Life:

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CHAPTER 05 PROJECT BUILDING BLOCKS

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