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Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures

Part 05 Eurocode 3 Steel Design

series – Steel Tension Member
Design Lecture

Dr Jawed Qureshi
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Design of Tension
members

• Design process to EC3

• Examples
• Tutorials

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What shapes?

Round bar Flat bar Angle Double angle Starred angle

Channel Double Channel W and I sections RHS sections

CHS sections Built up sections

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How to design tension members?

Provision of sufficient cross-sectional

area to resist the applied force

force
Required area =
material strength

The connections are the hardest part

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EC3 Tension member design – steps

NEd
 1.0
Nt,Rd

Nt,Rd is lesser of

A fy 0.9 Anet fu
Npl, Rd = Nu,Rd =
 M0  M2

Tensile Resistance
• The design tensile force (NEd) must be less than the
design tensile resistance (Nt,Rd)

NEd
 1.0 (6.5)*
N t,Rd

• For sections with holes the design tensile

resistance (Nt,Rd) is limited by the lesser of:

• Design Plastic Resistance Npl,Rd

• Design Ultimate Resistance Nu,Rd

* Unless otherwise specified Clause, paragraph or equation numbers are with reference to BS EN1993-1-1:2005
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Design Plastic Resistance Npl,Rd

• The design plastic resistance(Npl,Rd) is related to the
yielding of the gross cross-section.

A fy
Npl, Rd = (6.6)
 M0
where
A is the gross area of the cross-section (nominal
dimensions and holes for fasteners need not be
deducted)
M0 = 1.0 (partial safety factor for steel, from NA to BS
EN1993-1-1:2005)

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Design Ultimate Resistance Nu,Rd

• The design ultimate resistance (Nu,Rd) of the net cross-
section at holes for fasteners

0.9 Anet fu
Nu,Rd = (6.7)
 M2

where
0.9 is a reduction coefficient to take account of unavoidable
eccentricities, stress concentrations, etc

Anet is the net area of the cross-section

fu is the ultimate tensile strength (Table 3.1)

M2 = 1.1 (partial factor for resistance of the net section)

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Tensile strength of steel

Table 3.1: Nominal yield and ultimate tensile strengths

Nominal thickness

Grade t  40 mm 40  t  100 mm

fy (N/mm2) fu (N/mm2) fy (N/mm2) fu (N/mm2)

S235 235 360 215 360

S275 275 430 255 410

S355 355 510 335 470

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Anet for Non staggered fasteners

Anet = A −  d 0t

where
t is the thickness
d0 is the diameter of hole

Awareness: Special rules apply for angles connected through one leg (see BS EN
1993-1-8, 3.6.3), and T sections and channels connected through outstands.

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Anet for Staggered fasteners

1, 2
Hole
diameter, d0

NEd
p B

Plate s s
thickness, t 2 1

where
s is staggered pitch, the spacing of the centres of two consecutive
holes in the chain measured parallel to the member axis
p is spacing of the centres of the same two holes measured
perpendicular to the member axis

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Anet for Staggered fasteners

• The net area, Anet is the minimum of the following:

1. Anet = A −  d 0t

 s2 
2. Anet = A − t  nd 0 −  
 4p 
where
A is the gross area of the cross-section (nominal dimensions and
holes for fasteners need not be deducted)
M0 = 1.0 (partial safety factor for steel, from NA to BS EN1993-1-
1:2005)
n is the number of holes extending in any diagonal or zig-zag line
progressively across the member or part of the member

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Tension Members – Design steps

1. Determine the design axial load NEd
2. Choose a section
3. Find fy and fu from Table 3.1
4. Calculate gross area A and net area Anet
5. Substitute the values into the equations to work
out Npl,Rd and Nu,Rd
A fy
Npl, Rd = (6.6)
 M0
0.9 Anet fu
Nu,Rd = (6.7)
 M2
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Tension Members – Design steps

6. The Design Tensile Resistance, Nt,Rd is the
lesser of the values of Npl,Rd and Nu,Rd
7. Carry out the tension check:

NEd
 1.0 (6.5)
N t,Rd

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Design Example
Example 1: Tensile capacity of plate
Determine the tensile capacity of 80  10 mm plate,
Grade S275 as shown

P P

Assume 2 M20 bolts are used for the connection

Solution:
Step 1: Design axial load, NEd – not required
Step 2: Choose a section – not required
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Design Example
Example 1: Tensile capacity of plate
Solution (continued…):
Step 3: Find fy and fu from Table 3.1
For S275 steel and t  40 mm,
fy =275 N/mm2 and fu =430 N/mm2
Step 4: Calculate gross area A and net area Anet
A=Bt
B is width and t is thickness of the plate
A = 80  10 = 800 mm2

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Design Example
Example 1: Tensile capacity of plate
Solution (continued…):
Step 4: Calculate gross area A and net area Anet

Anet = A −  d 0 t

d0 is the hole diameter, for M20 bolt = 22 mm

Anet = 800 − 22  10 = 580 mm2

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Design Example
Example 1: Tensile capacity of plate
Solution (continued…):
Step 5: Calculate Npl,Rd and Nu,Rd

Afy 800  275

N pl ,Rd = = = 220 kN
 M0 1.0

0.9 Anet fu 0.9  580  430

Nu ,Rd = = = 204.1 kN
 M2 1.1

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Design Example
Example 1: Tensile capacity of plate
Solution (continued…):

Step 6: Take lesser of Npl,Rd and Nu,Rd as design tensile

resistance Nt,Rd

Nt ,Rd = 204.1 kN

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