(© 2017 Peatson Education Gauss’s Law 24.1 Symmetry 1. An infinite plane of charge is seen edge on. The sign of the charge is not given. Do the electtic fields shown below have the same symmetry as the charge? If not, why not? LLL LE Hild PAP i/7 Itt ttttt [ No. Reflection tn the aven No. Sama. reazowing Pane chews “he seme | as (a). charge hub a diferent Held c 4 I | Weal it ll | 1 1 | | No. Same reasoning (Yes. Wis Feld has the | as (a). | soe Syuwetey as Vhae | charge. . Suppose you had a uniformly charged cube. Can you use symmetry alone to deduce the shape of the cube’s electric field? If so, sketch and describe Ke the field shape. If not, why not? No, The cube lacks sufficrent Syemetey to decluca the shape of the field. | Tk particular, the cube lacks both | Franslation al end rotational symmetry. Laie syanctic | Under 90° rotations, but unlike a sphere, net sy umetne arbitrary Cotadioas. 24-124-2 cuarren 24 + Gauss's Law 24.2 The Concept of Flux 3. The figures shown below are cross sections of three-dimensional closed surfaces. They have a flat top and bottom surface above and below the plane of the page. However, the electric field is everywhere parallel to the page, so there is no flux through the top or bottom surface. The electric field is uniform over each face of the surface. The field strength, in N/C, is shown. For each, does the surface enclose a net positive charge, a net negative charge, or no net charge? a b. © w 10 > “ 0 10 aes lo to ° 2,5 Qn =.= 4 e f fe 0 » ts w 10 i 1 I» 0 Oy =. =. 2,= O 4. The figures shown below are cross sections of three-dimensional closed surfaces. ‘They have a flat top and bottom surface above and below the plane of the page, but there is no flux through the top or bottom surface. The electric field is perpendicular to and uniform over each face of the surface. The field strength, in N/C, is shown. Each surface contains no net charge, Draw the missing electric field vector (or write = 6) in the proper direction. Write the field strength beside it. b. B=6 20 5 et F 10 10 10 10 (© 2017 Pesrson Education.(© 2017 Pearson Beaton, 24.3 Calculating Electric Flux Ni 5. Draw the area vector A for each of these surfaces. i 6. How many area vectors are needed to characterize this closed surface? Draw them, 7, The diameter of the circle equals the edge length of the square. ‘They are in a uniform electric field. Is the electric flux , through the square larger than, smaller than, or equal to the electric flux ®, through the circle? Explain. | Because Ay >A, and &,= EL Bi > B, uke Ee 8, Is the electric flux ¢, through the circle larger than, smaller than, or equal to the electric flux ¢ through the hemisphere? Explain Ang E tne passreg theoash Surface | must alse pase throug | surface 2, €,= 5, Gavse's Law + cuarren 24 24-324-4 carter 24 + Gauss's Law 9. A uniform electric field is shown below. ' | =; —- Draw and label an edge view of three square surfaces, all the same size, for which a. The flux is maximum. b. The flux is minimum, c. The flux has half the value of the flux through the square part of a. Give the tilt angle of any squares not perpendicular or parallel to the field lines. 10. Is the net electric flux through each of the closed surfaces below positive (+), negative (—), or zero (0)? . ZO oe ° a — & |e ® _ ~~, ~~ Nn tere ctterteg = 0 = also exits = o= O ° hare nse ba ‘hare aside © A 6 + o= 7 a aint ' arses ini 7~\ 2M (©2017 Pearson Edvcation(© 2017 Pearson Education Gauss’s Law + cuarren 24 24-5 24.4 Gauss’s Law 24.5 Using Gauss's Law 11, For each of the closed cylinders shown below, are the electric fluxes through the top, the wall, and the bottom positive (+), negative (—), or zero (0)? Is the net flux positive, negative, or zero? a b, ©. oF Gp= 0 ° Pui= 0 e %, ° ° oO d. e. £ + + ° & h. i. plane = + plane AP Oo o,= + Y= O + a= 0 Ou= + 5 Dye, + Doec fo} a Pq =F Gq +24-6 curren 24 + Gauss's Law 1SNm/C and P= 5 Nm/C. 12. For this closed cylinder, yp = What is ®,y? Eu. = to Nay | | Since B+ eee eo 13. What is the electric flux through each of these closed surfaces? (The charges in the gray areas are inside the closed surfaces.) Give your answers as multiples of gley. a b. = te, a= ~%/é, 14, What is the electric flux through each of these surfaces? Give your answers as multiples of g/éy. a= I7/eo @s a= -4g/e, Oe 15. A positively charged balloon expands as it is blown up, increasing in size from the initial to final diameters shown, Do the electric fields at points 1, 2, and 3 increase, decrease, ‘or stay the same? Explain your reasoning for each [Point 1: Stays the sane. A epherieal Gaussian (Surbece through | never encloses any charge [sothe Bald ak [iz alueys aero, ; Point 2: Decreases. Taitially, @ spherical Gauseriag cael thru 2 gues Brand E,40. Ac balloon expands pass 2) He Gaussian curler now gives B=O 0nd E50 csce Fal size Inia ie Se charge "ts enclosed by the surfers sphercal syuttiy a? extemal charge. Point 3: Stays the same. The given charge (say Q) hk neal) . Stay given Sas as sphercal) dictibution | aed is always enclised by spherical Gurgilan sure through 3. We Fux | Through ths Surfsce ig days B= CAS Oe, where Ae the surlace Be he ee ee (© 2017 Pearson EducationGauss’s Law + cuapren 24 24-7 16. Three charges, all the same charge q, are surrounded by three spheres of equal radi. (:) (0) © a. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the fluxes ¢,, ¢b,, and &, through the spheres. [Order EB, = wy, Lk an The Flux is epuel te the charge encased by He sar fre divided by“€. b. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the electric field strengths E,, E>, and E; on the surfaces of the spheres. Order: E, E, Explanation: se same a ere, 23 Some | Add same as that of « 17. Two spheres of different diameters surround equal charges. Three students are discussing the situation. @ 7 ‘A a ‘Student I: The flux through spheres A and B are equal because they enclose equal charges. ‘Student 2: But the electric field on sphere B is weaker than the electric field on sphere A. The flux depends on the electric field strength, so the flux through A is larger than the flux through B. ‘Student 3: I thought we leamed that flux was about surface area. Sphere B is larger than sphere A, so I think the flux through B is larger than the flux through A. Which of these students, if any, do you agree with? Explain. Sint Q ok the canter i i i eS é Stucleat 1. The area inereases as * but the Clectic Geld strength decreases as Ver ce the Flax is the same through spheras A and B.24-8 cuarren 24 + Gauss's Law 18. A sphere and an ellipsoid surround equal charges. Four students are discussing the situation. @) a 8 ‘Student 1: The fluxes through A and B are equal because the average radius is the same. Student 2: I agree that the fluxes are equal, but it’s because they enclose equal charges. ‘Student 3: The electric field is not perpendicular to the surface for B, and that makes the flux through B less than the flux through A. ‘Student 4; I don’t think that Gauss’s law even applies toa situation like B, so we can't compare the fluxes through A and B. Which of these students, if any, do you agree with? Explain. Student 2. The flux in both cases 16 Steaply the enclose: y charge (9) divided by Eo. One could Edn but cace © would net he cupheitly evalude the surface “mbegrotion Strascht Forward since the surface does nol have spherienl syanetry 19. Two parallel, infinite planes of charge have charge densities Arena ss 2m and —n. A Gaussian cylinder with cross section area A extends 77 distance L to either side. | © L a. Is E perpendicular or parallel to the Gaussian surface at the: 29 Top —- Bottom —- wan II b, Is the electric field Fay emerging from the top surface ‘stronger than, weaker than, or equal in strength to the field to} Erg, emerging from the bottom? Explain. on E gual in streagth, Eop= Epa Te glowed give nt SE emerging elds Wopposite! directions, but the Feld from : [he positive plane is twice asstroag. So the size diferente, Jin ese Frelde gives the strength ofthe net Feld — | emerging From the top and bottom of Me cylieder. ¢. By inspection, write the electric fluxes through the three surfaces in terms of Eye Eigy Eva La Loe € and A. (You may not need all of these.) “or Eton Since Ey 7 a A T %_= Eton A Gy, = Ebook Ox oO d. How much charge is enclosed within the cylinder? Write Q,, in terms of n, L, Lo, and A. _ =-— . By combining your answers from parts b, c, and d, use Gauss’s law to determine the electric field strength above the top plane. Show your work. Usiag the Gaussian cylinder, the total Flux Hheough irs surface Se" FE = Ey tO Be = ee Fonly, Rt Ets Se Ba Cag ht Sas +0 nally, oF 7 Ze, = 28 gus [Ene Ze] (©2017 Pearson Eavcationg : é zg ° Gauss’s Law + cuarren 24 24-9 24.6 Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium 20. A small metal sphere hangs by a thread within a larger, hollow conducting sphere. A charged rod is used to transfer positive charge to the outer surface of the hollow sphere. ‘a, Suppose the thread is an insulator. After the charged rod touches the outer sphere and is removed, are the following surfaces positive, negative, or not charged? ‘The small sphere: Rot charged ‘The inner surface of the hollow sphere: Rot charged The outer surface of the hollow sphere: positive. ». Suppose the thread is a conductor, After the charged rod touches the outer sphere and is removed, are the following surfaces positive, negative, or not charged? ‘The small sphere: not chocged The inner surface ofthe hollow sphere: Ne Charged The outer surface of the hollow sphere: Positive 21. A small metal sphere hangs by an insulating thread within a larger, ot hollow conducting sphere. A conducting wire extends from the small sphere through, but not touching, a small hole in the hollow sphere. A charged rod is used to transfer positive charge to the wire. After the charged rod has touched the wire and been removed, are the following surfaces positive, negative, or not charged? small esiive The small sphere Pesify Wie ‘The inner surface of the hollow sphere: n A ote ‘The outer surface of the hollow sphere: Posshve de a hole in a conductor. The conductor has 22, A—10 nC point charge is i no net charge. ‘a, What is the total charge on the inside surface of the conductor? +1OnC 'b. What is the total charge on the outside surface of the conductor? -10ne24-10 cuavren 24 + Gauss's Law 23. A 10 nC point charge is inside a hole in a conductor. The conductor has a net charge of +10 nC. a. What is the total charge on the inside surface of the conductor? + 100C bb. What is the total charge on the outside surface of the conductor? 1) 24. An insulating thread is used to lower a positively charged metal ball into a metal container. Initially, the container has no net charge. Use plus and minus signs to show the charge distribution on the ball and the container at the times shown in the figure. (The ball’s charge is already shown in the first frame.) F + F 4 i 4 l. + le 4 + spe + Ball as vouched [Ballas been witawn Bal reached Negetive charges on anside surbece Pasitive charges on outside suri Positive choses on outede Surlace (©2017 Pearson Education