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Orthogonal Trajectorie

Ortho

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27 views5 pages

Orthogonal Trajectorie

Ortho

Uploaded by

kgizachewy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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APPLICATIONS OF FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS DR. HUDA ALRASHDI 1. OnrHoconaL Trae oRtEs Suppose that we have a family of two curves given by fly =0, and g(x,y.k) = “These two curves are said to be orthogonal at a point if and only is their tangent lines T; and T; are perpendicular at the point of intersection, Definition 1. orthogonal trajectories are two families of curves that always intersect penpendicularly In other words, an orthogonal trajectory is any one curve that intersects every curve of another family at right angles. ‘Now we will show a method to how to find the fanily of orthogonal trajectories 2. METHOD, D © STEP 1 Find the differential equation for the given family of curves, by differentiating f(x, y.c) Given a family of curve Fx, y,¢) © STEP 2 Find the differential equation of the Orthogenal Trajectories dy 1 dr Fen ene dn ° STEPS parating, variables and integrating the above differential equation, we get the algebraie equation of the family of orthogonal trajectories, Example 1. Find the orthogonal trajectories of all parabolas with vertices at the origise ared foct on the r-arts 1) Solution We con rewrite the equation (1) as follows a ‘9 eT da, (2) a DR. HUDA ALRASHDI © Differentiate equation (2) 0 u 2r © Differential equation of the orthogonal trajectories dy dy Be ee dr ftx,y) ar y © Solving the differential equation by metho of separation of variables dye ay ~yly = Bede Deeb + yy = 0 [ries fvto= fo L + rae C, Cis an integration constant, Dr? fey? where Cy = 20. Hence the orthogonal trajectories are art +yr=b, family of ellipse Example 2. Find the orthagonal trajectories of wt te)+2= 8) Salution # Differentiate equation. (3): ty ea = ha? +e) + (2x) =0 4 dr +e ©) Ta find c: From equation (3) me have c= =2=##, Substitute an (4) we get: dy APPLICATIONS OF FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS a dy =2ry? de Py + (-2— 2p) ay ott ar =2 ae a 7H © Differential equation of the orthogonal trajectories dy 1 dy 1 de Teg} de © Solving the differential eqaution by method of separation of variables dy 1 de widy [r= [jae 2 In|x|+C, Cas an integration constant, yf = Bin |x| +30, Hence the orthogonal trajectories are yh = Bln |x| 4+Cy, where Cy = 3C Example 3. Find the orthogonal drajectories of (5) Solution Pind c: # Differentiate equation (5). DR. HUDA ALRASHDI dy VE oe dy _ yp t+a dz Bry? © Differential equation of the orthogonal trajectories de dr tty? Galen =F =F de lyn aq IGT e We know thal © = 4(z + ») is homogeneous equation because f(x,y) = aly + £) 18 homogencous junction, a(t oe sttayta) = —3( + 2) = 8709) © Solving the differential equation by method of homogeneous equation, Let So, —2yvde = (vu + Daly APPLICATIONS OF FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS In 30? + 1 In|3u? +1 [au" + 1 Bu? +1 Be? 41 = Ky where K = be 35 +1=k4 v y K ety ty Hence the orthogonal trajectories are (dx? + yt) = K 3. EXERCISES Find the orthogonal trajectories of the following equations: (1) wer? + I) = cr, (2) yr? + 9") (3) w= csina, rl — cr).

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