Volleyball

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1.

1 Introduction to Volleyball
Wednesday, 5 January 2022 7:32 AM

Volleyball
- A ball game played by two teams of six players on each side.
- The two teams hit a large ball with their hands backwards and forwards over a high net. If
you allow the ball to touch the ground of the opponent's playing area, your team wins a
point.

History
- Originally called "mintonette," was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan after the
invention of basketball only four years before.
- It was named volleyball in 1952 when a professor from Springfield College thought the
name "volley ball" would fit better due to the volleying nature of play.

 William G. Morgan
- Morgan was the physical director of Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA).
- Was a graduate of the Springfield College of the YMCA and designed volleyball to be a
combination of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball.
- Wrote the original rules of volleyball which was printed in the first edition of the
Official Handbook of the Athletic League of the YMCA of North America (1897).

Facilities and Equipment

1. Ball
- Smaller than the basketball bladder that was used originally.
- For indoor volleyball, it should have the circumference between 65 - 67 cm when fully
inflated to an inner pressure between 4.3 and 4.6 lbs. psi. Once inflated, the ball must
weigh between 260 - 280 g.
- During FIVB competitions and world events, three balls are used and must meet the
same standards as the other balls before being approved for play.

2. Net
- Net height can vary depending on the age of the players and the class of volleyball
being played.
- The standard height:
 For men over the age of 15 is 2.43 meters measured from the lowest point of
the net to the court floor.
 For women over the age of 13, the standard measurement is 2.24 meters.
- The net extends to each of the sidelines on the court and should be the same height at
both sidelines.
- The net itself is 1 meter wide. At the end of the net, an antenna is attached that is 10

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- The net itself is 1 meter wide. At the end of the net, an antenna is attached that is 10
mm in diameter and extends 1.8 meters above the net.
- These antennae are to be considered part of the net and are used to delineate the
vertical crossing space.

3. Court
- Today, courts must meet the specifications set forth by the USA Volleyball and the
international governing body, FIVB.
- Indoor courts must measure 18 meters long by 9 meters wide and have an attack area
demarcated 3 meters back from the court should not be any wider than 5cm.
 Court length - 18 meters
 Center line - where the net is; 9 meters
 Attack line - near to net; 3 meters
 Back line - behind attack line; 6 meters

Ball hits the Boundary line?


- inside; counted as point

Ball goes OOB but opponent still


receives?
- inside; counted as point

Foot hits the court when serving?


- still good; walang kaso

Terminologies
 Ace - a serve that is not passable and results immediately in a point.
 Antenna - the vertical rods (normally white and red) mounted near the edges of the net. The
antennas are mounted directly above the sidelines and are not-in-play. Antennas are not
usually used on outdoor nets.
○ If ball hits antennas, the play will be called 'out'.
 Approach - Fast stride toward the net by spiker before he jumps in the air.
 Attack - The offense action of hitting the ball. The attempt by one team to terminate the
play by hitting the ball to the floor on the opponent's side.
 Attack Line - A line 3m from the net that separated the front row players from the back row
players. Commonly referred to as the '10-foot line'.

 Backcourt - The area from the end line to the attack line.
 Back set - A set delivered behind the setter’s back, which is subsequently hit by an attacker.
 Back Row Attack - When a back row player attacks the ball by jumping from behind the

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 Back Row Attack - When a back row player attacks the ball by jumping from behind the
3m line before hitting the ball. If the back row player steps on or past the 3m line
during take-off, the attack is illegal.
 Block - a defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to the
hitter's court. It may be a combination of one, two, or three players jumping in front of the
opposing spiker e spiked ball with the hands.
○ Not considered a hit
 Bump - a common term for forearm passing.
 Ball Handling Error - Any time the official calls a double hit, a thrown ball or a lift.
 Bump Pass - The use of joined forearms to pass or set a ball in an underhand manner.

 Campfire - A ball that falls to the floor in an area that’s surrounded by two, three, four or
more players. At the instant after the ball hits the floor, it appears as if the players are
encircling and staring at a campfire.
 Center Line - The boundary that runs directly under the net and divides the court into two
equal halves.
 Cross Court Shot - An individual attack directed at an angle from one end of the offensive
team’s side of the net to the opposite sideline of the defensive team’s court.
 Cut Shot - A spike from the hitter’s strong side that travels at a sharp angle across the net.

 Dig - A spike from the hitter’s strong side that travels at a sharp angle across the net.
○ Or can be called as dive
 Double Block - Two players working in unison to deflect an attacked ball at the net back to
the hitter’s side.
 Double Hit - Successive hits or contacts by the same player. (Illegal)
 Double Quick - Two hitters approaching the setter for a quick inside hit.

 Five-One - A 6-player offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter.
 Four-Two - A 6-player offensive system using four hitters and two setters.
 Free Ball - A ball that will be returned by a pass rather than a spike. This is usually called
aloud by the defense instructing players to move into serve receive positions.

 Hitter - Also “spiker” or “attacker”

 Jump Serve - A serve that is started by the server tossing the ball into the air and jumping
into and hitting the ball in its downward motion.

 Joust - When 2 opposing players are simultaneously attempting to play a ball above the net.

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 Joust - When 2 opposing players are simultaneously attempting to play a ball above the net.

 Kill - an attack that results in an immediate point or side out.

 Libero - the player with a different uniform, cannot set/spike the ball; only receives and
defends.

 Off-Speed Hit - Any ball spiked with less than maximum force but with spin.
 Outside Hitter - A left-front or tight-front attacker normally taking an approach which starts
from the outside court.
 Overhand Pass - A pass executed with both hands open, controlled by the fingers and
thumbs, played just above the forehead.
 Overhand Serve - Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the shoulder.
○ Underhand Serves can be done if player cannot do Overhand; basic serve
 Overlap - refers to the positions of the players in the rotation prior to the contact of the ball
when serving.

 Pancake - A one-handed defensive technique where the hand is extended and the palm is
slid along the floor as the player dives or extension rolls, and timed so that the ball bounces
off the back of the hand.

 Power Tip - A ball that is pushed or directed with force by an attacking team.

Basic Rules and Regulations


1. 6 players on the floor at any one time - 3 in the front row and 3 in the back row

2. Maximum of 3 hits per side.

3. Points are made on every serve for winning team of rally (rally-point scoring).

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3. Points are made on every serve for winning team of rally (rally-point scoring).

4. Player may not hit the ball twice in succession. (A block is not considered a hit.)

5. Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.

6. A ball hitting a boundary line is in.

7. A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of the net or
cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole, the ceiling above a non-playable
area.

8. It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s body.

9. It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.

10. A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10-foot line.

11. After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net.

12. Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on level of play. 3-set matches are 2
sets to 25 points and a third set to 15. Each set must be won by two points. The winner is
the first team to win 2 sets. 5-set matches are 4 sets to 25 points and fifth set to 15. The
team must win by 2 unless tournament rules dictate otherwise. The winner is the first team
to win three sets.

 Rule violations that result in a point for the opponent:

a. When serving, the player steps on or across the service line as while making contact
with the ball.

b. Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.

c. Ball-handling errors. Contacting the ball illegally (double touching, lifting, carrying,
throwing, etc.)

d. Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play

e. When blocking a ball coming from the opponent’s court, it’s illegal to contact the ball
when reaching over the net if both your opponent has not used 3 contacts and they
have a player there to make a play on the ball.

f. When attacking a ball coming from the opponent’s court, contacting the ball when
reaching over the net is a violation if the ball has not yet broken the vertical plane of
the net.

g. Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body is a violation.

h. Serving out of rotation/order.

i. Back-row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from the opponent) when, at the
moment of contact, the back-row player is near the net and has part of his/her body
above the top of the net. This is an illegal block.

j. Back-row player attacking a ball inside the front zone (the area inside the 3M/10-foot
line) when, at the moment of contact, the ball is completely above the net. This is an
illegal attack

Hand Signals of Referee


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Hand Signals of Referee
1. Authorization to Serve
- Move hand to indicate the direction of
service

2. Team to Serve
- Extend the arm to the side of the team
that will serve.
- Shows which team will serve and player
to serve is will be decided.

3. Change of Courts
- Raise the forearms front and back and
twist them around the body.

4. Time-Out
- Place the palm of one hand over the
fingers of the other, held vertically
(forming a “T”) and then indicate the
requesting team.

5. Substitution
- Circular motion of the forearms around
each other.

6. Misconduct Warning
- Show a yellow card for penalty.

7. Misconduct Penalty / Expulsion


- Show a red card for penalty.

8. End of Set 9 or Match


- Cross the forearms in front of the chest,
hands open.

9. Ball Not Tossed or Released at

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9. Ball Not Tossed or Released at
the Service Hit
- Lift the extended arm, the palm of the
hand facing upwards.

10. Delay in Service


- Raise eight fingers, spread open.

11. Blocking Fault / Screening


- Raise both arms vertically, palms
forward.

12. Positional / Rotation Fault


- Make a circular motion with the
forefinger.

13. Ball "In"


- Point the arm and fingers toward the
floor.

14. Ball “Out”


- Raise the forearms vertically, hands
open, palms toward the body.

15. Catch
- Slowly lift the forearm, palm of the
hand facing upwards.

16. Double Contact

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16. Double Contact
- Raise two fingers, spread open.

17. Four Hits


- Raise four fingers, spread open.

18. Net Touched by Player / Served


Ball Fails to Pass to the
Opponent Through Crossing
Space
- Indicate the respective side of the net.

19. Reaching Beyond the Net


- Place a hand above the net, palm
facing downwards.

20. Attack Hit Fault


- Make a downward motion with the
forearm, hand open.

21. Penetration into the Opponent


Court Ball Crossing the Lower
Space or the Server Touches the
Court (End Line) or the Player
Steps Outside His/Her Court at
the Moment of the Service Hit
- Point to the center line or to the
respective line.
22. Double Fault and Replay

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22. Double Fault and Replay
- Raise both thumbs vertically.

23. Ball Touched


- Brush with the palm of one hand the
fingers of the other, held vertically.

USAV: Brush fingers of opposite hand


once over palm of

Line Judges Call


1. Ball In
- Point down with flag.

2. Ball Out
- Raise flag vertically.

3. Ball Touched
- Raise flag and touch the top with the
palm of the free hand.

4. Crossing Space Faults, Ball 4


Touched an Outside Object or
Foot Fault by any Player During
Service
- Wave flag over the head and point to
the antenna or the respective line.

https://ncva.com/downloads/Referee%20Hand%20Signals%20-%20Club.pdf

PE02 (Phys Edu and Health) Page 9

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