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SRIMAAN COACHING CENTRE-TRICHY.

SRIMAAN

N Neett TO CONTACT:8072230063.
N Neett
lalai .i. l l i
UG-TRB: MATHEMATICS
a a .i. l a
l i
a
assaa a a
UNIT-4-VECTOR
aad s
VECTOR
d saaCALCULUS
CALCULUS
aa ddaassaa
Vector calculusw w w . PP
. variable vectors which are varyingw ww .P P
. or
www deals with
wwwin magnitude
direction or both. A physical quantity, that is a function of the points in space
is called a scalar function (denoted by ∅) or a vector function(denoted by →)
NN e ett N Nee tt 𝐹

lalai.i. according as the quantity is a scalar or laalvector.

ai .i. l a
l i
a

et
assaa aa aa
s SRIMAAN s
d da a s d daa s
 Temperature at P
. . P
any a a
point and electric potential are examples of
. P
.aPa a
scalar

.N
w ww w w w
www
function. www
 Velocity of a moving particle and gravitational force are examples of a

l a
l i
a N
.i. N e t
e tvector function.
lai l a
l i
a N
.i. Neett
l a
l i
a
sa
assaa Vector Differential operatoraad- d𝛁aassaa a ad a
d s
a aa
s
w w.
∇ is an operator which
PP
.can be operated on both scalar and vector
ww . PP
. It
function.
w
wDel.w www w
da

is known as w
SRIMAAN
Pa

N Neett 𝜕 𝜕
𝛁 = ⃗𝑖 + ⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗𝑘
𝜕
N Ne ett
l a
l i
a .i. 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
l a
lai .i. l a
l i
a
assaa  When 𝛁 is operateda d
a a
ad
s
a saa
scalar function ,It gives the gradient ∇∅. aaddaasaa
s
w.

on
ww . PP
. on a vector function,It gives thewDivergence
ww . PP
. and
 When 𝛁w
www is operated
www
ww

Curl.

N eet t of a scalar point function.

Gradient
N N N eett
l a
l i
a .i. Let ∅ (𝑥, y, z) be a scalar point function
l a
lai.i.defined in a certain region of l a
l i
a
assaa space. a d
a da as aa
s
a addaasaa
s
w w .P P
.𝜕 𝜕 w w. P
. P
∇∅w=
w
w( w 𝜕
⃗𝑖 + ⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗𝑘 ) ∅ = ⃗𝑖
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
+ ⃗𝑗 + ⃗w
w
⃗𝑘ww
𝜕∅
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa
is defined as the gradient of ∅ and shortly defined as Grad ∅.

a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
1
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d
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N Neet tFind grad ∅ at the point (1, −𝟐, −𝟏) when N Neet t𝟑𝒙 𝒚 − 𝒚 𝒛 .
lalai .i. 
l a
l i
a .i. ∅ = 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
l a
l i
a
assaa Solution:
aad da a ssaa
aaddaassaa
Let ∅ = 3𝑥 y – .yP
.zP .P.P
w w w 2 3 2

w ww
Grad∅ww= ⃗w𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
𝑖 + ⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗𝑘
𝜕∅ www
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
N Neett 𝜕𝑥
= 6𝑥𝑦 ;
𝜕𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 𝑧 2 ; = −2𝑦 3 𝑧
𝜕𝑧N Ne ett
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a

et
assaa aa aa
⃗⃗⃗ 3𝑥 2 – 3𝑦 2 z 2 ) + 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ (−2𝑦 3 𝑧)
Grad ∅ = ⃗𝑖 6𝑥y + 𝑗(
= −12a⃗a 𝑖dda as s
− 16𝑘⃗ d a
d s
a s
Grad∅
. PP
(1,−2,−1) −9𝑗
. P P aa
. vector of the point (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛), prove thatw(𝒓)ww= .( ) ⃗⃗𝒓.

.N
w ww
www www
𝟏
 If ⃗⃗𝒓 is the position 
𝒓

Solution:

l a
l i
a N
.i. Neet t
lai
Let ⃗⃗𝑟 = 𝑥⃗𝑖 + 𝑦⃗𝑗 + 𝑧⃗⃗𝑘
|⃗⃗𝑟 | = 𝑟= √𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 2 2
l2
a
l i
a N
.i. N e ett
l a
l i
a
sa
assaa 2
𝑟 =𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧 2 2

a a
2
ddaas aa
s
aaddaassaa
ww . P
. P
Partially differentiating, with respect to 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 we get,
ww. P
. P
𝜕𝑟ww w ww
da

2𝑟 w
𝜕𝑥
= 2𝑥 ; 2r
𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝑦
= 2𝑦 ; 2r
𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝑧
= 2𝑧 w w
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟
∇(𝑟) = ⃗𝑖 + ⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗𝑘
Pa

N Neett 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. 𝑥 𝑦
= ⃗𝑖 + ⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗𝑘
𝑧
l a
la i .i. l a
l i
a
assaa 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
⃗a
𝑥 ⃗𝑖 + 𝑦⃗𝑗 + 𝑧a
aas
⃗𝑘dd ⃗
aa
s
aaddaasaa
s
w.

𝑟
= ww . P
. P = w w. P
. P
 Findw
w
wunit
the
𝑟 w
wvector normal to the surface 𝒙𝒚 𝒛 = 𝟒watw(−𝟏,
𝑟 w −𝟏, 𝟐).
𝟑 𝟐
ww

Solution:

NNeett N N ⃗⃗⃗e
𝑛ett
l a
l i
a .i. Unit vector normal to the surfacelisala𝑛̂i.=i.|𝑛⃗⃗⃗ | l a
l i
a
assaa where 𝑛̂ is the unitaa inddaa ssaa
the direction of the normal. ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
⃗⃗⃗𝑛=∇∅watw.P
the P
. given point. w
w. P
. P
Letw
w
w∅ w
= 𝑥𝑦 𝑧 − 4 3 2 w
www
⃗⃗⃗𝑛 = ∇∅ = ⃗𝑖(𝑦 3 𝑧 2 ) + ⃗𝑗(3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 2 )+ ⃗⃗𝑘(2𝑥𝑦 3 𝑧)

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
2
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d
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N Neett N Neett
lalai .i. ∇∅(−1,−1,2) = −4𝑖 − 12𝑗 + 4𝑘⃗
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a
assaa | ∇∅|=√16 + 144
aaddaa saa=√176 = 4√11
+s16
aaddaassaa
∴ ⃗⃗⃗𝑛 =.4P
| | .
√ P
11 .P.P
w w w w w
w
ww𝑛w
̂=
⃗
−4𝑖 − 12𝑗 + 4𝑘
=
−𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 𝑘⃗ www
4√11 √11

N  ee
N tt
Find the angle between the normals to the N Ne et t𝒙𝒚 𝒛 = 𝟒 at the points
surface 𝟑 𝟐

lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a

et
assaa (−𝟏, −𝟏, 𝟐) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 (𝟒, 𝟏, −𝟏). ss
a adda a aa [8 Marks]
aad a
d s
a aa
s
Solution: . P
.P . P
. P

.N
w ww w ww
www
we know that, Cos𝜃 =
𝑛
⃗⃗⃗⃗ . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
1𝑛 2 www
𝑛1 |. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|⃗⃗⃗⃗ |𝑛2 |

l a
l i
a N
.i. Neet t Let ⃗⃗⃗⃗1
lai
𝑛 = at (−1, −1,2)
l a
l ai NN
.i𝑥𝑦 eett
. 𝑧 −4 l a
l i
a
sa
3 2

assaa aa aa
𝑛
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = at (4,1, −1) where ∅ =
2

d a s
a s d aass
3 2
 = ⃗⃗𝑖 (𝑦 𝑧 ) +a a 𝑗⃗ (d
3𝑥𝑦 𝑧 ) + 𝑘⃗(2𝑥𝑦 z)
2 2 3
aa d
ww . P
. P w
w . P
. P
ww−1,2) = −4𝑖 − 12𝑗 + 4𝑘 w
www
da

⃗
ww
 at (−1,
|∇∅| = |⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑛1 | = √(16 + 144 + 16) = √176
Pa

N Neet t at (4,1, −1) = 𝑖 + 12𝑗 − 8𝑘⃗ NNeet t

l a
l i
a .i. l a
lai .i. l a
l i
a
assaa |∇∅| = |⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2
ad
ad as a+a64) = √209
s
𝑛 | = √(1 + 144
a aaddaasaa
s
w.

w w . P
. P w
w . P
. P
w
www (−4𝑖 − 12𝑗 + 4𝑘⃗). ⃗⃗(𝑖 + 12𝑗 w −w
w w
8𝑘⃗)
ww

∴ Cos𝜃 =
√176. √209
N Neett −4 − 144 − 32
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. =
l a
lai.i. l a
l i
a
assaa a
√176.s√
addaa
−180
sa209
a
−45 ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
w
w .P.=P = w
w. P
. P
w
www √176. √209 √19 .11 www w

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
3
`ˆÌi`ÊÜˆÌ ÊÌ iÊ`i“œÊÛiÀȜ˜ÊœvÊ
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a addaa aadaa
d
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N N eet t the angle between the surfaces 𝒙𝒚 𝒛 =NN e t𝒛t and

e
lalai .i.  Find
l a
l i
a .i. 𝟑𝒙 +𝟐 𝟐
l a
l i
a
assaa 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟏 at the point
a add aas s aa−𝟐, 𝟏). [8 Marks]
(−𝟏,
aaddaassaa
Solution: w .
w . P
P ww.P.P
w w w w 𝑛
⃗⃗⃗⃗ . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑛 1 2
w www
we know that, Cos𝜃 =
𝑛1 |. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|⃗⃗⃗⃗ |𝑛2 |

N Nett
e 𝑛1 = 1 at (−1, −2,1)
⃗⃗⃗⃗
N Neett
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a

et
assaa 𝑛 = at (−1, −2,1)
⃗⃗⃗⃗
2 2
aadd aas saa
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
Let  = 𝑥𝑦 . P
.P𝑧 − 2
3𝑥 − 𝑧 2
. P
. P

.N
w ww
1
www
www 1
2 ww
 =𝑖⃗ (𝑦 𝑧 − 3) + 𝑗⃗ (2𝑥𝑦𝑧) + ⃗𝑘(𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑧) w 2

lai
⃗
 1 at (−1, −2,1) = 𝑖 − 4𝑗 − 6𝑘
N Neett N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. | | = √(1 + 16 + 36) = a
l l a
√53i .i. l a
l i
a
sa
assaa sa=a1 aa
1

Let  = 3𝑥 − 𝑦dd a
+a2𝑧s
2 2
ddaass
2
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w
www ⃗ (2) w w
w
www
da

=𝑖 (6𝑥)+ 𝑗 (−2𝑦)+𝑘
ww 2

⃗
 2 at (−1, −2,1) = −6 𝑖 + 4𝑗 + 2𝑘
Pa

N Neet t | | = √(36 + 16 + 4) = √56 NNeet t

l a
l i
a .i. 2
l a
lai .i. ⃗ l a
l i
a
assaa a𝑖a+ 4𝑗 + 2𝑘) aa
⃗
∴ Cos𝜃 = dd s
( 𝑖 − 4𝑗 − 6𝑘) . (−6
a a s ddaass
aa aa
w.

ww . P
. P √ 53 √ 56
w
w . P
. P
ww ww − 16 − 12 = −34
−6 w
www
=
ww

√53 √56 √53 √56

NN ett N N ett
 Find the angle between the surfaces 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏 and
e e
l a
l i
a .i. 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 – 𝒛𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖 at the point (6,la4,la3). i.i. l a
l i
a
assaa aa aa
[8 Marks]
dda as s d a
d s
a s
Solution:
.P. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
we know that, Cos𝜃 =
𝑛
⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝑛
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑛 |. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|⃗⃗⃗⃗ |𝑛 |
1 2
w
w w
1 2

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
4
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a addaa aadaa
d
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N Neett N Neett
lalai .i. 𝑛1 = 1 at (6,4,3)
⃗⃗⃗⃗
l al i
a .i. l a
l i
a
assaa 𝑛 = at (6,4,3)
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2
a d
a2a
d s
a aa
s
aaddaassaa
Let  w =w . P P
𝑥 . − 𝑦 − 𝑧 − 11
2 2 2
w
w .P.P
wwww 1
w
w w
w
⃗ (−2𝑧)
 =𝑖⃗ (2𝑥)+ 𝑗⃗ (−2𝑦)+𝑘
1

N Net

et at(6, 4, 3)= 12 𝑖 − 8𝑗 − 6𝑘
1
⃗
N Neett
lalai.i. l a
l ai .i. l a
l i
a

et
assaa aa aa
|  | = √ (144 + 64 + 36) = √ 244
1
d da as s d a
d s
a s
Let  = 𝑥𝑦P
. .P+aa
𝑦𝑧 – 𝑧𝑥 − 18
. P
. Paa

.N
w w w 2
www
www  =𝑖⃗ (𝑦 − 𝑧)+ 𝑗⃗ (𝑥 + 𝑧)+𝑘
2
⃗ (𝑦 − 𝑥) www

lai
⃗
 2 at (−1, −2,1) = 𝑖 + 9𝑗 − 2𝑘

N Neet t | | = √(1 + 81 + 4) =√86 NNeet t

l a
l i
a .i. 2
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a
sa
assaa ( 12 𝑖 − 8𝑗 − d
a a
⃗a
6𝑘d).a
aa
(𝑖ss
+ 9𝑗 − 2𝑘⃗)
aaddaassaa
∴ Cos𝜃 =
ww . PP
. √244 √86 w
w . P
. P
w w w
w
da

ww=
12 − 72 + 124 w
w
√244 √86
Pa

N Neett =
−24
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. √5246
l a
lai .i. l a
l i
a
assaa aa dd a a ssaa
aaddaasaa
s
w.

 Find the valuesw

w
of . PP
𝝀. and  if the surfaces 𝛌 𝒙 − 𝒚𝒛 = (𝛌 + 𝟐w
𝟐
w
)𝒙 . P
.
and P
ww ww
𝟒𝒙 𝒚 +w
𝟐
𝒛w = 𝟒 cut orthogonally at the point (𝟏, −𝟏, 𝟐).w
𝟑 w
[8 Marks]
ww

Solution:

NNeett NN e ett
l a
l i
a .i. Let λ 𝑥 − 𝑦𝑧 − (λ + 2)𝑥 = 0 ----------(1)
2
l a
lai .i. and l a
l i
a
assaa a
2
add a as saa
3 ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
4𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑧 −
ww .P. P
4 = 0------------------------(2)
w
w. P
. P
wwww w
www

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
5
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a addaa aadaa
d
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N Neet tprove that two surfaces cut orthogonally,NNweeethave

t to prove that
lalai .i. To
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a
assaa 𝑛 . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑛 = 0, since
1 2
aad da
𝜃 s
a
=
𝜋aa
s
2 aaddaassaa
w
w . P P
. −1,2) w w. P.P
𝑛
www
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = w
1 at (1,
1 wwww
Let  1 = λ 𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑧 − (λ + 2)𝑥

N Net t  = ⃗𝑖 (2𝜆𝑥 − (𝜆 + 2)) + 𝑗⃗ (−z) +N⃗N

e eett
lalai.i. 1
l a
l i
a .i. 𝑘(−y)
l a
l i
a

et
assaa  at (1, −1,2)= 𝑖⃗⃗ (2𝜆 −a
1
aad d 𝜆as
−s
a2)a+ 𝑗⃗ (−2) + ⃗𝑘()
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
. PP
. 𝑗⃗ (4𝑥 )+𝑘⃗(3 𝑧 )= ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑛 . P
. P

.N
w w
 = ⃗𝑖 (8𝑥𝑦)+
w 2 2
www
www 2

⃗
2
w
w w
 2 at (1, −1,2) = −8𝑖 + 4𝑗 + 12𝑘

l a
l i
a NNeet⃗⃗⃗⃗t . ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑛 1 2

lai
.i. Since (1, −1,2) is the point of intersection
l a
l i
a N N ett
𝑛 = −8(2𝜆 − 𝜆 − 2) − 8 + 12 = 0--------------(3)
e
.iof. two surfaces ,it lies in (1) l a
l i
a
sa
assaa 𝜆 + 2 =( 𝜆 + 2) ⟹ d
aa a
𝜆d as saa
+ 2− 𝜆 − 2=0 ⟹2 − 2 = 0
aaddaassaa
w
w . P
. P ⟹=1 w w . P
. P
ww w w
da

ww
Substitute =1 in (3),we get,
w w
−8(𝜆 − 2) − 8 + 12=0⟹ −8 + 16 + 4=0
Pa

N Neet t N Ne ett
l a
l i
a .i. ⟹ 𝜆la l
=a i
5 .i. l a
l i
a
assaa  Find the equation of theatangent
ad da assaa 2
aaddaasaa
s
w.

w w. P
. P plane to the surface
w
w . P
. P
𝟐𝒙𝒛 − w w
ww
𝟐
𝟑𝒙𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟕 at the point (𝟏, −𝟏, 𝟐). w
www [8 Marks]
ww

Solution:

N Neet tLet ∅ = 2𝑥𝑧 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 7

2
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l a
lai.i. l a
l i
a
assaa ∅=𝑖⃗ (2𝑧 − 3𝑦 − 4d
aa a
)d a
2 s a
s a ⃗
+ 𝑗⃗ (−3𝑥) + 𝑘(4𝑥𝑧)
ad
a a
d s
a a
s a
w w .P. P w
w. P
. P
∅ atww w w = 7𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 8𝑘⃗
(1, −1,2) w
www

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
6
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a addaa aadaa
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d
TET/PGTRB/TRB-POLYTECHNIC/TRB-COM.INS/BEO & DEO/UG-TRB/TNEB/TNPSC/TNUSRB/RRB-TO CONTACT:8072230063.

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N Ne et tat (1, −1,2) is a vector in the directionNofNthe

e etnormal
t to the surface
lalai .i. ∅
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a
assaa ∅ = 𝑐.
a ad daa ssaa
aad a
d s
a aa
s
w
D.R.’s of the normal
w . P P
.to the surface ∅ = 𝑐 at the point (1, −1,2) w . P
.P
and having
w
www
the line whose
w D.R.’s are (7, −3,8) as a normal . www w
Equation of the tangent plane is 7(𝑥 − 1) − 3(𝑦 + 1) + 8(𝑧 − 2) = 0

N Nett
e ⟹
N N e
7𝑥et t3𝑦 + 8𝑧 − 26 = 0.
−
lalai.i. l a
l ai .i. l a
l i
a

et
assaa Directional a ad d as aafunction.
derivative of a scalar point
a s
aad daassaa
A scalar quantity
. P
.Pthat is a function of the position of a point in
. P P
space
. is

.N
w w w
w point function. w w w
ww
called a scalar www
 Find the directional derivative of ∅ = 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙 at the point

l a
l i
a NNeet t
.i. Solution: lai
(1, 2, 3) along the x-axis.
l a
l i
a N
.i. Neett
l a
l i
a
sa
assaa a
∇∅ = ⃗𝑖(𝑦 + 𝑧)+ ⃗𝑗(𝑥+𝑧)+ add aa
⃗𝑘
s saa
⃗ (𝑦 + 𝑥). aa ddaassaa
Along the 𝑥-w . PP
a𝑥𝑖s. 𝑦 = 𝑧 = 0
w w w . P
. P
www w www w
da

∇∅. ⃗𝑎⃗
Directional derivative = , where 𝑎 is the given unit vector.
|⃗⃗𝑎|
⃗⃗𝑎 = ⃗𝑖
Pa

N Neett ∴ |𝑎 | = √ 1 = 1
N N e e tt
l a
l i
a .i. 5 ⃗𝑖 + 4⃗l𝑗ala
+i .3i.⃗⃗⃗𝑘) . ⃗𝑖 l a
l i
a
assaa aa aa
∇∅. 𝑎
⃗ (
∴ 𝑎𝑡 (1,2,3 ) = aa
dd ss =5
ddaass
𝑎 a a 1 aa
w.

⃗
w w . P
. P ww. P
. P
 Findw w
w in which the directional derivativew
wdirection
the w
ofww
ww

∅ = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟒 from (3, 1,−𝟐) is maximum.

NNeet t
Solution:
N Ne ett
l a
l i
a .i. ∇∅ = ⃗𝑖(2𝑥𝑦 𝑧 )+ ⃗𝑗(2𝑥 𝑦𝑧 )+ l⃗⃗𝑘al(4𝑥 ai.i.𝑦 𝑧 ). l a
l i
a
assaa aa aa
2 4 2 4 2 2 3

= 𝑖(6 × 1a d
16da ass ⃗ d a
d s
a s
∇∅ (3,1,−2)
. PP ×a ) + 𝑗(2 × 9 × 16) + 𝑘[(4 × 9 × (−8)]
. P Paa
w =w w
96 ⃗𝑖.+288 ⃗𝑗 − 288 ⃗⃗𝑘=96(⃗𝑖+3⃗𝑗 − 3⃗𝑗) ww w .
Max.w ww derivative |∇∅|=96√19
directional www

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
7
`ˆÌi`ÊÜˆÌ ÊÌ iÊ`i“œÊÛiÀȜ˜ÊœvÊ
˜vˆÝÊ*ÀœÊ* Ê `ˆÌœÀÊ

a addaa aadaa
d
TET/PGTRB/TRB-POLYTECHNIC/TRB-COM.INS/BEO & DEO/UG-TRB/TNEB/TNPSC/TNUSRB/RRB-TO CONTACT:8072230063.

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ww ..
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wwww
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..

N Neett N Neett
lalai .i. l=a
l ai .i. 96(𝑖 + 3𝑗 − 3𝑗)
l a
l i
a
assaa aaddaassaa 96√19
𝑖 + 3𝑗 − 3𝑗 aaddaassaa
w
w . P
. P =
w w .P.P
 Findw
w
wmaximum
the
w
w directional derivative of ∅ = 𝒙 𝒚w𝒛watw
√19
the point 𝟑 𝟐

(1, 1, 1).

N Net tSolution:
e N Neett
lalai.i. l a
l ai .i. l a
l i
a

et
assaa Max. directional derivative
∇∅ = ⃗𝑖(3𝑥 y P a ⃗d
a d
2 2
aassaa∅=|∇∅|
of
𝑦𝑧)+ ⃗⃗𝑘 (𝑥 y ) ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
. z) +
P 𝑗(2𝑥
.⃗𝑗 +⃗𝑘⃗ 3 3 2
. P
. P

.N
∇∅ w ww
=3w⃗𝑖+2 w
www
w w (1,1,1)

|∇∅|=√3 + 2 + 1 =√14 2 2 2
w
w

lai
 Prove that ∇𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−2 𝑟 .
N Neet tSolution: N Ne tt
e
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a
sa
assaa Let ⃗⃗𝑟 = 𝑥⃗𝑖 + 𝑦⃗𝑗 + 𝑧⃗⃗𝑘 aa
a add ssaa
aaddaassaa
𝑟 =𝑥 + 𝑦 +.𝑧P
2 2 2
P
.𝜕 𝜕 2
--------------(1) . P
. P
w w ww w
w w
w
da

𝜕
∇𝑟 w𝑛
=w (⃗𝑖 + ⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗𝑘 ) 𝑟 𝑛 w
w
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕 𝑛 𝜕 𝜕
(𝑟 ) + ⃗𝑗 (𝑟 𝑛 ) + ⃗⃗𝑘 (𝑟 𝑛 )
Pa

N Neett = ⃗𝑖
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
N Neett
𝜕𝑧
l a
l i
a .i. 𝜕𝑟 l a
lai .i.
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 l a
l i
a
assaa 𝜕𝑥
ad
adaa saa
= ⃗ 𝑖 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−1 + ⃗𝑗 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−1 + ⃗⃗𝑘 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−1
s 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
aaddaasaa
s
w.

ww. P
.
= 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−1 (𝑖⃗P 𝜕𝑟
+ ⃗𝑗
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟
+ 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ ) w
w . P
. P
w
www 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 w
www
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑥
ww

From (1), 2𝑟 = 2𝑥 ⇒ =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑟

N Neett 𝜕𝑟
2𝑟 = 2𝑦 ⇒ N
𝜕𝑟 𝑦
Nee
=
tt
l a
l i
a .i. 𝜕𝑦
l a
lai.i.𝜕𝑦 𝑟
l a
l i
a
assaa 𝜕𝑟
ddaasaa
s
2𝑟 = 2𝑧 ⇒ =
aa
𝜕𝑟 𝑧
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
w
w .P. P𝜕𝑧
𝑥
𝜕𝑧 𝑟
𝑦 𝑧 w
w
𝑟. P
. P
w
www w
www
∇𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−1 (𝑖⃗ + ⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗𝑘 ) = 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−1 = 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−2 𝑟
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
8
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a addaa aadaa
d
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N N eet t the directional derivative of the function

N Ne et𝒙𝒚t + 𝒚𝒛 at the point
lalai .i.  Find
l a
l i
a .i. ∅ = 𝟐 𝟐
l a
l i
a
assaa (2, −𝟏, 1) in the direction of thess
𝟐
𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒛 – 𝒚 + 𝟒 = P 𝟎 ataad da a aa to the surface
normal
aa ddaassaa
Solution:w ww . . P the point (−𝟏, 𝟐, 1).
w w. P
.P
wwwderivative is given by ∇∅
Directional www w
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
∇∅ = 𝑖⃗ + ⃗𝑗 ⃗⃗⃗
+𝑘
N Nett
e 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
N N eett
lalai.i. = 𝑖⃗ (𝑦 ) + 𝑗⃗ (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧aa
2
l l .i.𝑘⃗(2𝑦𝑧)
)i+ 2
l a
l i
a

et
assaa ∇∅ = ⃗𝑖 + ⃗𝑗 (−4a
a
𝑎𝑡(2,−1,1)
add +as
1s
aa
) + 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ (−2)
a ad daassaa
. P P
= 𝑖.− 3𝑗 − 2𝑘 ⃗ . P
. P

.N
w ww w ww
wwhavewthe equation of the surface 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 – 𝑦 w
Now we 4 =w
+w 2
0 is identified
with 𝜓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) =c.

l a
l i
a N
.i. Neett
lai
∴ 𝜓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 – 𝑦 2 + 4 ⟹ 𝑐 = −4

l a
l i
a N
.i. Neett
l a
l i
The direction of the normal to this surface is the same as that of ∇𝜓.
a
sa
assaa aa aa
𝑥
dd ass
∇𝜓 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧⃗⃗𝑖 − 2𝑦𝑗 + 𝑘⃗
a 𝑧 ddaass
. P
. Paa
∇𝜓 at (−1,2,1) = −4⃗𝑗 − 𝑘⃗ = 𝑏(say) . P
. Paa
www w w
w
www www
da

Directional derivative of  in the direction of 𝑏⃗

⃗⃗⃗⃗ . (−4⃗⃗⃗𝑗 − 𝑘⃗)] 14
𝛻∅. 𝑏⃗ [(𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ − 2𝑘)
= =
Pa

NN eett ⃗
|𝑏| √
N
17
N eett √17
l a
l i
a .i.  Find the directional derivative of ∅ =lal𝒙𝒚ai.i+. 𝒚𝒛 at the point P (𝟐, −𝟏, 𝟏) in
𝟐 𝟑
l a
l i
a
assaa the direction of PQ where Q a
a add isas s
the
apoint
a (3, 1, 3).
aad daasaa
s
w.

Solution:
w w . P P
. + 𝑦𝑧 w w . P
. P
wwww
Given that ∅ = 𝑥𝑦 2 3
ww w w
ww

∇∅ = ⃗⃗𝑖 (𝑦 ) + 𝑗⃗ (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 ) + 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ (3𝑦𝑧 )

2 3 2

∇∅ (2,1,−1) = 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ (−4 + 1) + ⃗⃗⃗𝑘 (−3)

N Neett NNeett
l a
l i
a .i. l l
⃗⃗⃗
= ⃗⃗𝑖 − 3𝑗⃗ − 3𝑘
a a i .i. l a
l i
a
assaa Directional derivative of ∅ insthe
aa d
projection of directionalda a aadirection of 𝑃𝑄
s
derivative of ∇∅ along
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =component or
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
ww .P. P ww . P
. P
www w ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 =
∇∅ . ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄
wwww
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
|𝑃𝑄

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
9
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a ddaa daa
d
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aa
/œÊÀ “œÛiÊÌ ˆÃʘœÌˆVi]ÊۈÈÌ\Ê

aa
i
ÜÜÜ°ˆVi˜ˆ°Vœ“É՘œVŽ° ̓

PP
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N Neett N Neett
lalai .i. l a
l i
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄
a .i.
𝑂𝑄 − 𝑂𝑃⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
l a
l i
a
assaa 𝑃𝑄
a ad d assaa
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(−3⃗𝑖 + 𝑗 −3 𝑘⃗) −(−2 ⃗𝑖 + 𝑗 − 𝑘⃗) =− ⃗𝑖 − 2 𝑘⃗
a aad a
d s
a aa
s
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | =√5
|𝑃𝑄
ww . P
. P w
w .P.P
w
w( − ⃗w
𝑖 − 2 𝑘⃗). (⃗𝑖 − 3𝑗 − 3𝑘⃗) (−1 + 0 + 6) w w
5w
𝑃𝑄 = w
∴ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = = w = √5 units
√5 √5 √5
 Find the directional derivative of . () at the point (𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟏) in the
NNeett NN eett
lalai.i. direction of the normal to the surfacela𝒙𝒚
l i
a .𝒛i.= 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒛 , 𝟐 𝟐
l a
l i
a

et
assaa where ∅ = 𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 . 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
a add a assaa [8 Marks]
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
. P
.P . P
. P

.N
Solution:
w w w w ww
ww=w
 ⃗⃗𝑖 (2𝑥𝑦 𝑧 ) + 𝑗⃗ (2𝑥 𝑦𝑧 ) + 𝑘⃗(2𝑥 𝑦 z) w
2 2 2 2 ww 2 2

lai
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
tt
. () = (𝑖⃗ + ⃗𝑗 + 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ ) . [⃗⃗𝑖 (2𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 2 ) + 𝑗⃗ (2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 ) + 𝑘⃗(2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 z)]
tt
i N
.i. Nee 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
N
i.i. Nee i
l a
l a l a
l a l a
l a
sa
assaa
= 2𝑦 𝑧 + 2𝑥 𝑧 + 2𝑥 𝑦 aa
2 2 2 2 2 2
aa
d aass d aass
2 2
= 2(𝑥 𝑧 + 𝑦P 𝑧 a+
a 𝑥d𝑦 )
2 2 2 2
P aa d
ww . P
. ) ( w
w . . P
w
 w w
www
da

.w
( ) ( )
at 1, −2,1 = 2 1 + 4 + 4 = 18
w
The direction of the normal to the surface is the same as that of ∇𝜓.
Pa

N Neet t 2
𝜓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦 𝑧 − 3𝑥 − 𝑧 2

N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. ∇𝜓 = ⃗𝑖(𝑦 𝑧 − 3) + 𝑗(2𝑥𝑦𝑧l)a
2
l+ai .𝑘⃗i(𝑥. 𝑦 + 2z) 2
l a
l i
a
assaa = ⃗𝑖(−4 −a3a)dda a ssaa
𝑗⃗ (2) + 𝑘⃗(4 − 2) aaddaasaa
s
w.

∇𝜓 −
(1,2,−1)
w w . P
. P w
w . P
. P
www w ⃗
= −7⃗𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 2𝑘 w
www
ww

|∇𝜓| = √(−7)2 + (−2)2 + 22 = √57

N Neett . (). ∇𝜓N N eet(t⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

18. −7 𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 2𝑘 ⃗)
l a
l i
a .i. Directional derivative = l a
l i
a.i.= l a
l i
a
assaa aa aa
s | ∇𝜓 |
s
d daa s √57
d a
d a s
. P
. Pa a . P
. Paa
w w w w w
w
www =
−126⃗𝑖 − 36𝑗 + 36𝑘 w⃗
ww
√57

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
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a addaa daa
d
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a aa
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N Nee t tDivergence of a vector. N Neett

lalai .i. Define
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a
assaa a d
a da as
If 𝐹 (𝑥,𝑦, 𝑧) is a differentiable saa
aa dd s
vector point function defined at each point aa
aa
s
w w
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) in some . PP
. of space ,then the divergence of w
region w w .P P
. as
𝐹 ,denoted
w w w w ww w
div𝐹 is defined as ,
div⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = ∇. ⃗⃗⃗𝐹
N Nett
e N Neett
lalai.i. 𝜕 𝜕
l a
l𝜕i
a .i.
= (𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘⃗ ) . 𝐹 l a
l i
a

et
assaa a d
a d
𝜕𝑥
aassaa
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
. PP
= 𝑖. + 𝑗 + 𝑘⃗
𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹 . P
. P

.N
w w
w
w 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 w
www
ur
ww
r r r
w
w
 If F  3xyz 2 i  2xy3 j  x2 yz k , find 𝛁. ⃗⃗⃗𝑭 at the point (1,−𝟏,1).

l a
l i
a N
.i. Neet tSolution:
lai l a
l ai N
.i. Neett
l a
l i
a
sa
assaa ⃗a
𝑗 a + 𝑘⃗ aa
𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹
div⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = ∇. ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = ⃗𝑖 s +s ss
aad d aa 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
aaddaa
= .(P
.
3𝑦𝑧 P + 2
6𝑥y − 𝑥 y )2 2
. P
. P
w ww w ww
www = ∇. 𝐹 =3(−1)(1) + 6(1)(1) − 1(−1) www
da

(1,−1,1) =4

Define Solenoidal vector

Pa

NNeett N e ett
If ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 is a vector such that ∇. ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 =0 at all points in a region, then it is
N
l a
l i
a .i. said to be a Solenoidal vector in thatlregion. ala i .i. l a
l i
a
assaa  Show that urF  (x  2 y)ri a(aydd3az)arjss(ax a r
aaddaasaa
s
w.

 2 z) k is solenoid.
Solution:ww w . P
. P w
w . P
. P
www w
www
To prove that ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 is solenoidal, we have, ∇. ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 =0
ww

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇. ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 =(𝑥 + 2𝑦) + (𝑦 + 3𝑧) + (𝑥 − 2𝑧)
N Neett 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
N Ne ett
l a
l i
a .i. =1+1−2=0
l a
la i .i. l a
l i
a
assaa ∴ ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 is solenoidal. aa
aadd ssaa
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
 Prove that the vector
w w .P. P
⃗
𝑭 = 𝒛 ⃗𝒊 + 𝒙 ⃗𝒋 + 𝒚 ⃗⃗⃗
𝒌 is solenoidal. (L6)
w
w. P
. P
www
Solution: w wwww
To prove that 𝐹 is solenoidal, we have

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
11
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a addaa aadaa
d
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N Neett N Neett
lalai .i. 𝜕 𝜕
∇. ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = (𝑧) + (𝑥) + (𝑦)
𝜕
l a
l i
a
= .i0. l a
l i
a
assaa  Find the value𝜕𝑥of , so that 𝜕𝑦
aadur aa ssara r r
𝜕𝑧
a d
Fd  y z i  4x z j  5x y k may be solenoidal. (L1)
a daassaa
w w

. P
. P
4 2 3 2 2 2

w w. P
.P
Solution:w w
www ⃗⃗⃗ is solenoidal ⃗⃗⃗
𝐹 ,if ∇. 𝐹 =0
w w w
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
⇒ ∇. ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = (𝜆𝑦 4 𝑧 2 ) + (4𝑥 3 𝑧 2 ) + (5𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )
N Nett
e 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
N Neett 𝜕𝑧
lalai.i. =0 l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a

et
assaa aassaa
Since all the values are zero , 𝜆 can take any value.
a add ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
 P
.P
If 𝛁∅ is solenoidal,.then find 𝛁 𝟐
∅ . P
. P

.N
w ww www
ww∇∅ is solenoidal, ∇. ∇∅ =0
wSince
Solution: www

l a
l i
a N
.i. Neett
lai
⇒ (⃗𝑖 𝜕 + ⃗𝑗 𝜕 + ⃗⃗𝑘 𝜕 ) (𝑖 𝜕∅ + 𝑗 𝜕∅ + 𝑘⃗ 𝜕∅) = 0
𝜕𝑥
l a
l
𝜕𝑦
i
a N
.i. Neett
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
l a
l i
a
sa
assaa aa aa
2 2 2
𝜕 ∅ 𝜕 ∅ 𝜕 ∅
ddaa
⇒ 2+ 2+ 2 =0ss ddaass
. P
. Pa
𝜕𝑥
a 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
. P
. Paa
www 𝜕2 𝜕2 𝜕2
w w
w
www www
da

⇒ ( 2 + 2 + 2) ∅ = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
⇒ ∇2 ∅ = 0
Pa

N N ett
Define Curl of a vector
e N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l la i .i.
If ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) is a differentiable vector point function defined at
a l a
l i
a
assaa each point (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) in some
a ad daas saa of space,then the curl of 𝐹 ,denoted asaassaa
region
aadd
w.

w w .
curl 𝐹 is defined P
.
asP ,curl𝐹 or rot𝐹 . It is given by,
ww . P
. P
w
www ⃗𝑖 ⃗ 𝑗 𝑘 ⃗⃗ w
www
ww

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕|
Curl ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = || |
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

N Neett 𝐹1 𝐹2 𝐹3
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. Define irrotational vector l a
lai.i. l a
l i
a
assaa aaddaasaa
s
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
If curl⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = 0 (i.e) ∇x 𝐹 =0, then ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 is said to be irrotational.

w
w .P. P w
w. P
. P
w
www w
www

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
12
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˜vˆÝÊ*ÀœÊ* Ê `ˆÌœÀÊ

a addaa aadaa
d
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NN eet t ur r r r ee
N N tt
lalai .i.  Show that F  (sin y  z)i  (x cos y  z) j l(axlaiy.i)k. is irrotational. l a
l i
a
assaa a a
⃗⃗⃗𝐹 is said to be irrotational
aad d s saifa∇x ⃗⃗⃗𝐹=0
aaddaassaa
w w. P
.𝑖P 𝑗 ⃗
𝑘
ww.P.P
w
ww∇xw ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = || 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 || ww w w
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝐹1 𝐹2 𝐹3

N Nett
e 𝑖
N Neett
𝑗 𝑘⃗
lalai.i. 𝜕l a
l i
a .i. 𝜕 𝜕 | l a
l i
a

et
assaa = ||
aaddas
a aa
s𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
ad
a a
d s
|=0
a aa
s
. P
.P . P
.
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑧) (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑧) (𝑥 − 𝑦)P

.N
w w
w www
www www
=⃗𝑖(−1 + 1)− 𝑗⃗ (1 − 1)+ 𝑘⃗ (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)
∴ ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ is irrotational.

lai
 Find the values of a , b , c so that the vector
N Neett N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. ur r
l a
l i
a .i.
r r
l a
l i
a
F  ( x  y  az) i  (bx  2 y  z) j  ( x  cy  2z ) k may be irrotational.
sa
assaa Solution:
aaddaasaa
s
aaddaassaa
ww. P
. P w
w . P
.
⃗𝐹⃗⃗ is said to be irrotational if ∇x ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ =0P
w
www 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘⃗ w
www
da

∇x⃗⃗⃗𝐹 = | 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
|
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
Pa

N Neett 𝐹1 𝐹2 𝐹3
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. 𝑖
l𝑗aa
l i .i. 𝑘⃗
l a
l i
a
assaa = ||
𝜕
aadda s
a saa𝜕 𝜕 |
| = 0
aaddaasaa
s
w.

w w . P P
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
.𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧) (𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧) (−𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 +w𝜕𝑧
w w. P
. P
ww w w (𝑥 +
⃗⃗⃗ ww w
2𝑧)
⇒ ⃗𝑖 (𝑐 + 1) − 𝑗⃗ (−1 − 𝑎) + 𝑘 (𝑏 − 1) = 0
ww

⇒ 𝑐 + 1 = 0 ; 𝑎 + 1 = 0; 𝑏 − 1 = 0

N Neett ⇒ 𝑐 = −1 ; 𝑎 = −1 ; 𝑏 = 1
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l a
lai.i. l a
 Prove that the gradient of any scalar point function is irrotational.
l i
a
assaa Solution:
aaddaasaa
s
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
.P P . P P
Let ∇∅ be the gradient of a scalar point function ∅ then to prove that it
w
w . w
w .
w
www
is irrotational ,we have ∇x∇∅=0 w
www

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
13
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a addaa aadaa
d
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a /œÊÀi“œÛiÊÌ ˆÃʘœÌˆVi]ÊۈÈÌ\Ê

PP
Kindly send me your study materials to [email protected]
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ÜÜÜ°ˆVi˜ˆ°Vœ“É՘œVŽ° ̓
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N Neett NN eett
lalai .i. 𝑖
l a
l𝑗 i.i.𝑘
a ⃗
l a
l i
a
assaa aaddaas
|s𝜕aa 𝜕 𝜕 |
= 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 = 0 aaddaassaa
ww. P
. P |𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅| w
w .P.P
w
www 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
w
www
 If ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹 is irrotational, prove that it is conservative.

N Nett
e Solution:
N Neett
lalai.i. Let ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ = ∇∅ l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a

et
assaa 𝐵 𝐵
aaddas
a aa
s
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
∫ ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗⃗ = ∫ ∇∅.
. P
.P
𝑑𝑟 . P
. P

.N
w ww www
𝐴
www 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
𝐴
𝐵 www
+ 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ ) . (𝑑𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑑𝑦𝑗⃗ + 𝑑𝑧𝑘⃗⃗⃗ )

lai
= ∫ ( ⃗𝑖 + ⃗𝑗
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
N Neett 𝐴
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. 𝐵
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ l a
l
𝜕∅ i
a .i. 𝐵
l a
l i
a
sa
assaa = ∫ ( 𝑑𝑥 + s
𝜕𝑥
aadda
𝜕𝑦 a𝑑𝑦a+a𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑧) = ∫ 𝑑∅
s
aaddaassaa
=w
𝐴

w
(∅ . P
P
) . = ∅(𝐵 ) − ∅(𝐴 )
𝐵
w
w . P
. P 𝐴

w
ww∴ w w
www
da

𝐴
⃗𝐹⃗⃗ is conservative.
 Find the values of a , b , c so that the vector
ur r r r
Pa

N Neett N N ett
F  ( x  y  az ) i  (bx  2 y  z ) j  (x  cy  2z ) k may be irrotational.
e
l a
l i
a .i. Solution:
l a
lai .i. l a
l i
a
assaa aassaa
To prove that ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ is conservative , ∇x 𝐹
aa dd ⃗⃗⃗ =0
aaddaasaa
s
w.

w w. P
. P 𝑖 𝑗 ⃗
𝑘
w
w . P
. P
w
∇ xw
ww ⃗𝐹⃗⃗⃗ = | 𝜕
| w
www
𝜕 𝜕
ww

𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
(2𝑥 + 𝑦𝑧) (𝑥𝑧 − 3) (𝑥𝑦)

N Neett N N ett
=𝑖⃗ (𝑥 − 𝑥) − 𝑗⃗ (𝑦 − 𝑦)+𝑘⃗⃗⃗ (𝑧 − 𝑧)=0.
e
l a
l i
a .i. ur r r r
l a
lai.i. l a
l i
a
 If F  ( x  y  1) i  j  (x  y ) k , show that ⃗𝑭⃗⃗ is perpendicular to curl𝑭
⃗⃗⃗ .
assaa Solution:
aaddaasaa
s
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
To prove that 𝐹
w w. P
. P w
w. P
. P
⃗⃗⃗ is perpendicular we have to prove that
𝐹.w
⃗⃗⃗ w w
curlw
⃗⃗⃗ =0.
𝐹 w
www
⃗⃗⃗ ,

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa
𝑇𝑜 find curl𝐹

a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
14
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a ddaa
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N Neett N Neet t⃗
lalai .i. 𝑖
l a
l i
a .i.𝑗 𝑘 l a
l i
a
assaa ∇ x ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ =
a a d d s
||aa
a𝜕a 𝜕 𝜕 ||
s
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 aaddaassaa
ww. PP
. (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) 1 −(𝑥 + 𝑦) www. .PP
w
www www
= 𝑖⃗ (−1 − 0) − 𝑗⃗ (−1 − 0) + 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ (0−1)
=−𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ – 𝑘⃗⃗⃗

N Nett
e ⃗⃗⃗ 𝐹 = [(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)⃗𝑖 + 𝑗⃗e
𝐹. curl⃗⃗⃗⃗
NN e
−t(𝑥t + 𝑦) ⃗⃗⃗𝑘 ].[(−𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗ )]
lalai.i. l a
1a
l i .i1.+ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 l a
l i
a

et
= −𝑥 − 𝑦 − +
assaa  If urF  zir  xurj  y kr , proveathat
adda as saa⃗
curl (curl 𝑭) = 0. aa dda s
a aa
s
. P
.P . P
. P

.N
Solution: w w ww
www w 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘⃗ www w
⃗⃗⃗ = | 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 |

lai
curl ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ = ∇x𝐹

N Neett 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l al i
a .i. l a
l i
a
sa
assaa aa aa
⃗
dda a s s = 𝑖⃗ ((11−−00))− 𝑗⃗ (0 − 1) + 𝑘ss
dda a
. PP aa =𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗
. x Curl ⃗⃗⃗𝐹. . P
. Paa
curl w w w w w w
www =∇ x (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗) www
da

(curl𝐹 ) =∇

𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘⃗
Pa

N Neett = |𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 | = 0N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l a
lai .i.
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 l a
l i
a
assaa ad
adaassaa1 1 1
aaddaasaa
s
w.

w
w . P
. P w
w . P
 If ⃗𝑭⃗⃗ = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 ⃗⃗⃗𝒊 + 𝟓𝒙𝒚𝟐 ⃗⃗⃗𝒋 + 𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟑 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝒌 , find (. 𝑭
. P
⃗⃗⃗ ) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 . (𝐱𝑭
⃗⃗⃗ ) at the

www w
point (1,2,3). w
www [8 Marks]
ww

Solution:

N Neett N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. (i) . ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ = (𝑖⃗
𝜕
l a
l
+ ⃗𝑗a
𝜕
i.i. 𝜕
l a
l i
a
+ 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ ) . (3𝑥 2 ⃗⃗𝑖 + 5𝑥𝑦 2⃗⃗⃗𝑗 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑘 )
assaa a addaas aa
𝜕𝑥
s 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
w .PP
6𝑥.+ 10𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦𝑧
=w 2
w
w. P
. P
w
www w
www

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
15
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a addaa aadaa
d
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ww ..
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NNeett NN eett
lalai .i. (. ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ ) = (𝑖⃗ + ⃗𝑗 + 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ )la.l(a6𝑥i.i+. 10𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 )
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
l a
l i
a 2

assaa 𝜕𝑥
= .(6P a
𝜕𝑦 ss
d
a daa aa
𝜕𝑧
aaddaassaa
w
w . P
+ 10𝑦 + 3𝑦𝑧 ) ⃗𝑖 + 2
(10𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑧 )⃗𝑗 + .
(6𝑥𝑦𝑧)
w w P
.P 2

(.w
⃗w w
𝐹⃗⃗ ) w = (6 + 20 + 18) ⃗𝑖 + (10 + 27) ⃗𝑗 + w
(1,2,3)
36 w
w⃗⃗𝑘 w
= 44 ⃗𝑖 + 37⃗𝑗 + 36⃗⃗𝑘
N Nett
e N Neett
lalai.i. 𝑖
l𝑗
a
l i
a .i.
𝑘⃗
l a
l i
a

et
assaa (ii) x𝐹
aaddas
⃗⃗⃗ = || 𝜕
a s
𝜕𝑥
aa 𝜕
𝜕𝑦
𝜕 |
𝜕𝑧 | ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
. P
.P . P
. P

.N
w w
w 3𝑥 2 5𝑥𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦𝑧 3
w w
w
www = 𝑖 (𝑥𝑧 − 0) − ⃗ 𝑗(𝑦𝑧 − 0) + 𝑘⃗(5𝑦 w
3
w
− 0)
w3 2

l a
l i
a N
.i. Neett
lai
= 𝑥𝑧 3 𝑖 − 𝑦𝑧 3⃗𝑗 + 5𝑦 2 𝑘⃗

⃗⃗⃗ ) = (𝑖⃗
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 i.i.
⃗⃗⃗la
l a N Ne e tt
⃗) l a
l i
a
sa
3 3 2

assaa aa𝜕𝑧 aa
. (x𝐹 + ⃗𝑗 + 𝑘 ) . ( 𝑥𝑧 𝑖 − 𝑦𝑧 ⃗𝑗 + 5𝑦 𝑘
𝜕𝑥
dd a as
𝜕𝑦 s ddaass
= 𝑧.P
.−P a
𝑧3a+ 3
0 = 0 . P
. Paa
w w w w w w
ww www
da

 If 𝒖 = 𝒙w
𝟐
𝒚𝒛 𝟐
and 𝒗 = 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑𝒛 , find (i) . (𝒖 𝐱 𝒗) and
(ii)  𝐱 (𝒖 𝐱 𝒗) at the point (1,1,0). [8 Marks]
Pa

N NeetSolution:
t N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l a
lai .i. l a
l i
a
assaa (i) . (𝑢 x 𝑣)
a addaas aa
s
aaddaasaa
s
w.

.𝜕PP
. + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ ) (𝑥 𝑦𝑧)
𝜕 𝜕 . P
. P
𝑢
w =ww⃗
(𝑖 2
w w
w
www 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 www
ww

= ⃗𝑖 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 + ⃗⃗⃗𝑗 𝑥 2 𝑧 + ⃗⃗𝑘 𝑥 2 𝑦

N Neett 𝜕 𝜕
N 𝜕eett
+ 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ ) (𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑧 2 )
N
l a
l i
a .i. 𝑣 = (𝑖⃗
𝜕𝑥
+ 𝑗⃗
l
𝜕𝑦a
lai.i. 𝜕𝑧 l a
l i
a
assaa 𝑗 (𝑥d
= ⃗𝑖(𝑦) + ⃗a
a aas saa
)d− 𝑘(6𝑧)
⃗⃗
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
w w .P. P w
w. P
. P
w
www (𝑢 x 𝑣) = |2𝑥𝑦𝑧 x z 𝑥 |𝑦 www
𝑖 𝑗 ⃗
𝑘 w 2 2

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
𝑦

16
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NNeett N N e e tt ⃗
lalai .i. = 𝑖⃗ (−6𝑥 𝑧 − 𝑥 𝑦) − ⃗⃗⃗𝑗 (−12𝑥𝑦𝑧lalai−.i𝑥. 𝑦 ) + 𝑘(2𝑥 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥 𝑧𝑦)
2 2 3 2 2 2
l a
l i
a 2 2

assaa ∴ . (𝑢 x 𝑣) aa

a ad d ssaa
aaddaassaa
w w. PP
.= (𝑖⃗ 𝜕 + ⃗𝑗 𝜕 + 𝑘⃗⃗⃗ 𝜕 ) . [𝑖⃗ (−6𝑥 𝑧 −w𝑥 w w .P.P
wwww 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 www 𝑦 ) 2 2 3

+ ⃗⃗⃗𝑗 (12𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) + ⃗𝑘(2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥 2 𝑧𝑦)]

N Nett
e 𝜕
(−6𝑥 2 𝑧 2 − 𝑥 3 𝑦) + N Neet t (2𝑥 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥 𝑧𝑦)
𝜕
(−12𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) +
𝜕 2 2

lalai.i. =
𝜕𝑥
l a
l i
a .i. 𝜕𝑦
l a
l i
a 𝜕𝑧

et
assaa = (−12𝑥𝑧 − 3𝑥 a
aadd s
a
𝑦)
aa
−s(12𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑥 𝑦) + (2𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥 y)
2 2
a
2
d
a a
d s
a aa
s 2 2 2

. PP
. − 3𝑥 𝑦) − (12𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑥 𝑦) + (𝑥 𝑦)www. . P
P

.N
ww
= (−12𝑥𝑧
ww
2 2 2 2 2

. (𝑢 x 𝑣w
)w = −3 − 2 + 1 = −4
(1,1,0)
www

lai
(ii)  x (𝑢 x 𝑣)

N N eetxt𝑣) = ⃗𝑖 (−6𝑥 𝑧 − 𝑥 𝑦) + ⃗⃗⃗𝑗 (12𝑥𝑦𝑧 +NN eet)t+ 𝑘⃗(𝑥 𝑦𝑧)

l a
l i
a .i. ( 𝑢 2 2
l
3
a
l i
a .i. 𝑥 𝑦 2 2 2
l a
l i
a
2
sa
assaa aadda s
a saa
aaddaassaa
ww . P P
. 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 .
⃗
w w. PP
w w ww
da

w w
 x (𝑢 x 𝑣) ||
𝜕 𝜕 w w 𝜕 |
|
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
(−6𝑥 𝑧 − 𝑥 y) (12𝑥𝑦 z + 𝑥 y ) (𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧)
3 2 2 2 2 2
Pa

NNeett NN e tt
e
l a
l i
a .i. = ⃗𝑖 (𝑥 𝑧 − 24𝑥𝑦𝑧) − 𝑗⃗ (2𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 12𝑥
2
l a
lai𝑧.i).+ 𝑘 (12𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 )
⃗⃗⃗ 2
l a
l i
a 2 2 3

assaa ad
a xda ssxa𝑣)
a
(𝑢
a = 3𝑘⃗
aaddaasaa
s
w.

(1,1,0)

ww. P
. P ww . P
. P
Work Donew
wwForce
wThe
By wwww
ww

 Work done by the force ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ through the displacement d𝑟⃗⃗ is ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗⃗

NN ett N N ett
 Work done by the force ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ through the displacement d𝑟⃗⃗ along the curve C
e e
l a
l i
a .i. is ∫ ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ . 𝑑𝑟⃗⃗ l a
lai.i. l a
l i
a
assaa  If the work done by a force
𝑐

aa dda a s saa
d
does not depend on the path C, but only on the
aa a
d s
a aa
s
end points of C,w w .
then
P P
.the force ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ is said to be conservative.www.. P
P
w
www vector, then there corresponds a scalar
⃗⃗⃗ is conservative
 If 𝐹
w function
wwpoint

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
∅ such that ⃗𝐹⃗⃗ = ∇∅.

l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
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NN eett N Ne ett
lalai .i.  ∅ is called the scalar potential of 𝐹 . lalai.i.
⃗⃗⃗
l a
l i
a
assaa  If 𝐹⃗⃗⃗ is irrotational,thena⃗𝐹a⃗⃗disdaconservative
assuraar r aaddaassaa
 Find the work done
w w . P
.
byPthe force F  xi  2 y j when it moves a .P
particle
ww .P
on
the curveww w
2y w
= 𝒙 from (0, 0) to (2, 2).
2
w w w w
Solution:
Work done by a force 𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗ = ∫ ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 . 𝑑𝑟⃗⃗
N Net
e t N Nee t) t
𝑐

lalai.i. ⃗
𝐹⃗⃗ . 𝑑𝑟
⃗⃗ = (𝑥 𝑖 +2y𝑗 ).(𝑑𝑥𝑖 +
l i
𝑑𝑦𝑗
a
l a⃗.i.
+ ⃗
𝑑𝑧𝑘
l a
l i
a

et
assaa = 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑑𝑦ss
a d
a d
2a a aa
ad
a a
d s
a aa
s
∫ 𝐹 . 𝑑𝑟 = ∫.P
⃗⃗⃗ .P
𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑑𝑦 . P
. P

.N
w ww www
cw ww2𝑦 = 𝑥 ⟹ 2𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
0

2
2 www
𝑥2

lai
=∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑥

N Neett 0 2
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. 2
l a
l ai .i. 3
l a
l i
a
sa
= ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
assaa 0
a addaassaa
2
aaddaassaa
ww P
= ( .+
. P 𝑥2
) = 2 + 4 =
𝑥4
6
w
w . P
. P
w
wwpoint function whose gradient w
www
da

2 4 0
 Find thew
scalar
⃗
is (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟑 )𝒊⃗ + (𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒛𝟑 )𝒋⃗ + (𝟔𝒛𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝒛𝟐 )𝒌
Pa

NNeett N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. Solution: l a
lai .i. l a
l i
a
assaa ad
a daas aa
s
aaddaasaa
s
w.

Given that
w
w . P
. P ww . P
. P
∅ =w
w w
𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 )⃗𝑖 + (3 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑧 )𝑗⃗ + (6𝑧 −w
(w 2 3
3𝑥
w
w𝑦𝑧w)𝑘⃗ 2 3 3 2 2
ww

𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
tt ⟹ 𝑖⃗ + ⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗⃗𝑘 tt
i N
.i. Nee 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
i.iN
. Ne e i
l a
l a l a
la l a
l a
assaa = 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 ⃗𝑖s+aa aa
( ) 2 ( 3 ) 2 3 ⃗3 2 2

dda a s 3 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑧 𝑗⃗ + (6𝑧 − 3𝑥 𝑦𝑧 )𝑘

ddaass
.P. Pa
Comparing and equatingathe coefficients of 𝑖
⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗
𝑗 , ⃗
𝑘 on both .
sides P
. P
andaa
w ww
w with respect to 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 respectivelyw w ww
wwpartially
integrating wgetw
we

l
ssaaalai ______________
N
.i. Neett
l
ssaa a
l i
a N
.i. Nett
e
l
ssaa a
l i
a
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NNeett N Ne tt
e
lalai .i. = 𝑦
𝜕∅ 2
− 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3
l a
l i
a2.i. 𝑥2 3
⟹ ∅ = 𝑦 𝑥 − 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑓(𝑦, 𝑧) l a
l i
a
assaa 𝜕𝑥
aaddaa ssaa 2
aaddaassaa
ww . P
.
= P
𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑓(𝑦, 2
𝑧) − − − − − − −2
−
w −
w .P.
(1)P
3

𝜕∅ ww ww 𝑦 w ww w 2
2 3 2 3
= 3 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑧 ⟹ ∅ = 3𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑧 𝑦 + 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑧)
𝜕𝑦 2

N Neett N Neett
= 3𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 𝑦 + 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑧) − − − − − − − − − (2)
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a

et
assaa aaddaas aa
s
ad
a a
d s
a
4
aa
s 3
𝜕∅
. P
P 𝑧 𝑧
𝑦𝑧 . ⟹ ∅ = 6 + 3𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) . P
. P

.N
3 2 2 2
= 6𝑧 − 3𝑥w w
𝜕𝑧
wwww w 4 3 w
www w
𝑧4

lai
= 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) − − − − − − − (3)
2
N Neet tCombining (1),(2),(3) we get, N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a
sa
assaa aa aa
SRIMAAN
d a ass d aass 4
𝑦d d
𝑧
∅a=a 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦𝑧 + 3𝑦 + 3 + C 2 2
aa 3

ww . P
. P 2
ww . P
. P
w
ww𝒊⃗ + 𝒙 𝒛 𝒋⃗ + 𝟑𝒙 𝒚𝒛 ⃗𝒌, find ∅(𝒙, ww
da

 If 𝛁∅ =w𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒛 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 TO𝒚, BE wwCONTINUED......

𝒛) given 𝟐
that 𝟐

STUDY MATERIALS AVAILABLE

∅(𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟐) = 4. [8 Marks]
Pa

N Neet t N Nee t t
l a
l i
a .
IF
i . YOU NEED
Solution: : UG-TRB:
Given that
l a
la .
MATHEMATICS
i i . FULL STUDY
l a
l i
a
assaa MATERIAL AVAILABLE.
∇∅ = 𝑖⃗
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ aa
+ ⃗𝑗 aa d
+d𝑘
⃗⃗⃗
ss
𝜕∅aa
= 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 ⃗𝑖 + 𝑥 𝑧 𝑗⃗ + 3𝑥 𝑦𝑧 𝑘 ⃗
aaddaasa
s a
3 2 3 2 2
w.

𝜕𝑥 .P
. P 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 . P
. P
* UGTRB (ALL SUBJECT)
ww ww STUDY MATERIALS AVAILABLE.
w ww
wsides and
w w
Comparing w
and equating the coefficients of 𝑖⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗𝑗 , 𝑘⃗ on
* TRB-BEO & TNPSC-DEO ( TAMIL & ENGLISH) MEDIUM
w
both
ww

integrating partially with respect to 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 respectively we get ,

MATERIAL WITH QUESTION BANK AVAILABLE.
NNeet t= 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 ⟹ ∅ = 2 𝑥 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑓(𝑦, 𝑧) NNeet t
𝜕∅ 2

a *i.iTRB-POLYTECHNIC
. 𝜕𝑥 2LECTURER
3
a i.(ALL
i. SUBJECT) STUDY3
a i
l l a l la l l a
assaa MATERIAL WITH=Q.BANK aad daasaaAVAILABLE.
s 2 3 aaddaasaa
s
ww.
* TET-PAPER-1,PAPER-2P. 𝑥
P 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑓(𝑦,
STUDY 𝑧) − −
MATERIAL − − − −
WITH
w
−
w
−
. P
−
. (1)
P
Q.BANK
𝜕∅
ww
AVAILABLE.
w w ww ww
2 3 2 3
= 𝑥 𝑧 ⟹ ∅ = 𝑥 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑧) − − − − − − − − − (2)
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N
.i. Neett
𝜕𝑦

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a
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.i. Nett
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TNPSC-DEO (District.P
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aassaa TRB-POLYTECHNIC ssaa s aa
s

.N
aa aa
ddLECTURER-(NEW SYLLABUS) aa a
dd a
ww P P
. . MATERIALS AVAILABLE w
w P
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wwww
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lai
MATHEMATICS STUDY MATERIAL with Question Bank.
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. . MATERIAL with QuestionwBank. P
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MODERN OFFICE PRACTICE STUDY MATERIAL with Q.B.

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COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDY MATERIAL with Question Bank.
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l TECHNOLOGY STUDY l MATERIAL with Q.Bank. l

aassaa ECE STUDY MATERIAL aa aas
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s

.N
aa a
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(E/M)
aa a
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UG TRB:w wwww BANK (E/M)

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eet t sa eet t
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a
+
.iN N (T/M & E/M)
.Q.BANK l a
l i
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dd s
a aa
s a
dd s
a aa
s
da
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UG TRB: ZOOLOGY P P aa
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UG TRB: GEOGRAPHY STUDY MATERIAL (E/M)
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l l l
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a aass
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a
STUDY MATERIAL AVAILABLE.a a
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