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Fossil Fuels-Problem Sheet 01

A 100-watt light bulb consumes 200 watt-hours per day and 73,000 watt-hours per year. A 1000 MW nuclear power plant produces 7 billion kilowatt-hours per year. The stoichiometric air to fuel ratio and products of combustion are calculated for a sample of bituminous coal. The mass of oil used per hour and turbine efficiency are estimated for a boiler generating 5000 kg of steam per hour at high pressure and temperature.

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35 views1 page

Fossil Fuels-Problem Sheet 01

A 100-watt light bulb consumes 200 watt-hours per day and 73,000 watt-hours per year. A 1000 MW nuclear power plant produces 7 billion kilowatt-hours per year. The stoichiometric air to fuel ratio and products of combustion are calculated for a sample of bituminous coal. The mass of oil used per hour and turbine efficiency are estimated for a boiler generating 5000 kg of steam per hour at high pressure and temperature.

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2021me372
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem Sheet No 01

1. A 100-watt light bulb is on for 2 hours a day. (a) What is the energy in watt-hour (Wh) it consumes per
day? (b) What is the energy it consumes per year? Give your answer in watt-hour and in kilowatt-hour (1
kilowatt = 1000 watts) (c) What is the energy it consumes in BTUs per day and per year? (d) What is the
energy it consumes in joules per day and per year?

2. Assume a 1000 MW (megawatt) nuclear power plant operates 7,000 hours in one year. (Hint: One
megawatt is one million watts or one thousand kilowatts.) (a) Calculate the energy produced by this power
plant in: i. megawatt-hours (MWh) per year ii. kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year, (b) Calculate the energy in
joules. (Hint: 1 kWh = 3.6 million joules) c) Calculate the energy in BTU.

3. A sample of bituminous coal gave the following ultimate analysis by mass: C 81.9%; H 4.9%; O 6%; N
2.3%; ash 4.9%, calculate: (a) The stoichiometric A/F ratio; (b) The analysis of the wet and dry products of
combustion

4. A boiler generates 5000 kg of steam per hour at 1.8 MN/m2. The steam temperature is 325 oC and the
feedwater temperature is 49.4 oC. The efficiency of the boiler plant is 80% when using oil of calorific value
45,500 kJ/kg. The steam generated is supplied to a turbine which develops 500 kW and exhausts at 0.18
MN/m2, the dryness fraction of the steam is 0.98. Estimate the mass of oil used per hour and the fraction of
the enthalpy drop through the turbine that is converted into useful work.

5. A boiler delivers 5400 kg of steam per hour at a pressure of 750 kN/m 2 and with a dryness fraction of
0.98. The feedwater to the boiler is supplied at a temperature of 41.5 oC. The coal used for firing the boiler
has a calorific value of 31000 kJ/kg and is used at the rate of 670 kg/h. Determine the thermal efficiency of
the boiler.

6. During a test a unit was operated at its rated load of 100,000 kW for 12 hours. The coal consumption
was 429 tons, with a heating value of 12,670 Btu per lb. Find gross station heat rate (heat required per kWh
of electricity production. The cost of coal for this power plant is 1200 PKR per ton delivered to the plant,
what is the unit fuel cost (cost of fuel per unit of electricity).

7. A simple Brayton cycle using air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 8. The minimum and
maximum temperatures in the cycle are 310 and 1160 K. Assuming isentropic compression and expansion
process, determine (a) the air temperature at the turbine exit, (b) the net-work output, and (c) the thermal
efficiency.

8. A 1320 MW coal fired power plant is being installed at Sahiwal, go through the literature and extract
required data to do an estimate about annual fuel consumption, cost of electricity per kWh. Do an estimate
for emission as well. Make suitable assumptions (like, ηth=40%, ηgen=0.95, ηboiler=0.80 and so on) and
do mention them in your solution. Consider the same power plant once again and consider operation with
natural gas and gasoline, redo the same calculations with these two fuel variants.

9. Consider a steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle and has a net power output
of 45 MW. Steam enters the turbine at 7 MPa and 500°C and is cooled in the condenser at a pressure of 10
kPa by running cooling water from a lake through the tubes of the condenser at a rate of 2000 kg/s. Show
the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the thermal efficiency of the
cycle, (b) the mass flow rate of the steam, and (c) the temperature rise of the cooling water.

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