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Lesson 3 Addition and Multiplication Rule of Probability

This document discusses probability concepts like addition rule of probability, mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events, independent events, and the generalized multiplication rule. It provides examples like calculating the probability of drawing certain cards from a deck and rolling certain numbers when tossing dice. It also presents practice problems for students to solve involving finding probabilities of compound and independent events.

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nalaunankai
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views

Lesson 3 Addition and Multiplication Rule of Probability

This document discusses probability concepts like addition rule of probability, mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events, independent events, and the generalized multiplication rule. It provides examples like calculating the probability of drawing certain cards from a deck and rolling certain numbers when tossing dice. It also presents practice problems for students to solve involving finding probabilities of compound and independent events.

Uploaded by

nalaunankai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS

AND
PROBABILITY
Rolling Two
Dice
Experiment
Form a three groups. Each group must
have a pair of dice. In the game, Group A
gets one point when the sum of the
results ranges from 2 to 5. Group B gets
one point when the sum of the results
ranges from 6 to 8.
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
Group C gets one point when the
sum ranges from 9 to 12. The student
with the highest number of points
will be the winner. Use the tables on
the next page to record the results.

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


Round 1
Roll Group A
A B C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


Round 2
Roll Student B
A B C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


Addition
Rule of
Probability
Compound
Events
It consists two or more
events.

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


Addition Rule
of Probability
It will help us solve
probability problems
that involve two events.
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
Events can either be
mutually exclusive or
non-mutually exclusive.
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
Mutually
exclusive
events
Those are events which
do not have any sample
point in common.
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
In a random experiment wherein we
draw a card from a standard deck of
cards, we have drawing an ace as Event
A and drawing a king as Event B.
Determine the sample space of the two
events.
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
P(A U B)= P(A) + P(B)
Where:
P(A)= probability of event A
P(B)= probability of event B

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


What is the Probability of
getting at least one head in
tossing a coin twice or getting
a “5” in casting a die once.
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
P ( C U D)= P(C) + P(D)
𝟑 𝟏
P(C U D)= +
𝟒 𝟔
𝟏𝟏
P(C U D)=
𝟏𝟐
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
The probability of getting at
least one head in tossing a
coin twice or getting a “5”
𝟏𝟏
in casting a die is .
𝟏𝟐
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
Non-
mutually
exclusive
events
Those are events that
have at least one
common element or
point of intersection.
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
In a random experiment wherein we
draw a card from a standard deck of
cards, we have drawing a heart as
Event A and drawing a king as Event
B. Determine the sample space of
the two events.
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
P(A U B)= P(A) + P(B)- P(A ∩ B).
Where:
P(A)= probability of event A
P(B)= probability of event B
P(A ∩ B)= probability of A
intersection B
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
What is the probability of drawing a
heart (H) or a king (K) from a
standard deck of cards?

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


P(H U K)= P(H) + P(K) – P(H ∩ K)
𝟏𝟑 𝟒 𝟏
P(H U K)= + -
𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐
𝟏𝟔 𝟒
P(H U K)= or
𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟑

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


The probability of drawing a
heart or a king from a
𝟒
standard deck of cards is
𝟏𝟑

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


Independent
Events
If the occurrence or non-
occurrence of one event gives
no information about the
likeliness of the occurrence of
the other.
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
In tossing a coin two times, let event A
be the probability of getting a head in
the first toss and let event B be the
probability of getting a head on the
second toss.

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


Generalized
Multiplication
Rule
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) ∙ P(B)
Where:
P(A)= probability of A
P(B)= probability of B
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
Two cards are drawn in
succession with replacement.
What is the probability of drawing
an ace (A) on the first draw and a
face card (F) on the second draw?
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
P ( A ∩ F)= P(A) ∙ P(F)
𝟒 𝟏𝟐
P ( A ∩ F)= ( )( )
𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟐
𝟑
P ( A ∩ F)=
𝟏𝟔𝟗

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


The probability of drawing an
ace card on the first draw and
a face card on the second
𝟑
draw is .
𝟏𝟔𝟗
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
Worksheet
no. 4
Find the probability
of the following
problems
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
Problem 1:
What is the probability of getting
an even number when casting a
fair die or getting exactly two
heads in tossing a coin twice?
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
Problem 2:
Two dice are tossed. Find the
probability of getting a sum of:
a. 3 or 6
b. 9 or 12
c. 2 or 7 or 10
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
Problem 3:
What is the probability of drawing
a face card or a red card from a
standard deck of cards?

Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter


Problem 4:
Two cards are drawn with
replacement. What is the probability
of drawing an Ace (A) in the first
draw and a heart (H) in the second
draw?
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter
Problem 5:
A coin is tossed two times. What
is the probability of getting a
head in the first toss and a tail in
the second toss?
Topic: Random Variables Week 3 | Third Quarter

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