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Fuel Injection System

The document summarizes the key components and operation of a fuel injection system. It discusses the low pressure side components that deliver fuel from the tank, such as the fuel tank, supply pump, and filter. It also covers the high pressure side components that meter and inject fuel, like the injection pump, injector, and nozzle. A fuel injection system provides precise fuel delivery under high pressure to optimize engine performance, efficiency and emissions compared to a carburetor.

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Elyk Takata
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175 views5 pages

Fuel Injection System

The document summarizes the key components and operation of a fuel injection system. It discusses the low pressure side components that deliver fuel from the tank, such as the fuel tank, supply pump, and filter. It also covers the high pressure side components that meter and inject fuel, like the injection pump, injector, and nozzle. A fuel injection system provides precise fuel delivery under high pressure to optimize engine performance, efficiency and emissions compared to a carburetor.

Uploaded by

Elyk Takata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Fuel injection
is the introduction of fuel in internal combustion engines, mostly automotive engines,
using injector. This process was introduced to keep up with emissions and fuel efficiency laws.
Over the year, car manufacturers saw great advantages of fuel injectors which is where the
downfall of carburetors begins.

Stoichiometric Mixture
The ratio of the mass of air to the mass of the fuel, also known as the ideal air-fuel
mixture where both oxygen and fuel combust at maximum efficiency.

How it works?
The fuel flows from the fuel tank to the feed pump where the pressure is increased and
then the fuel is filtered by the filter and then it is sent to the injector by fuel injection pump
TANK
FEED PUMP
FILTER
INJECTORS

List of Main Components in Fuel Injection system

Fuel tank and Fuel Feed pump


Fuel Filter
Injection pump
Governors
Fuel Injector
Nozzle

 Low pressure side components—These components serve to safely and reliably deliver
fuel from the tank to the fuel injection system. Low pressure side components include
the fuel tank, fuel supply pump and the fuel filter.

Fuel Tank
The Fuel tank is the fuel reservoir for the engine which holds the fuel and it will help
to maintain the temperature of the fuel below the flash point. It also a corrosion-resistant and
leakproof to pressures of at least 30 kPa. The fuel tank will be provided with a safety valve to
relieve the excessive pressure. It will be able to dissipate the heat from the fuel coming from
the engine.

The fuel supply pump


The Fuel feed pump is used to feed the fuel from the fuel tank to the injection pump.
It has the spring loaded plunger actuated through the push rod from a camshaft. When the push
rod is at minimum position, the spring force on the plunger will create suction in the pump to
flow the fuel from the fuel tank into the injection pump. When the cam is turned to its
maximum lift position, the plunger is lifted upwards. The inlet valve will be closed and the fuel
will be forced through the outlet valve. See the following schematic sketch of the fuel feed
pump.

Fuel Filter
Trouble-free operation of a diesel injection system is possible only with filtered fuel.
Fuel filters help reduce damage and premature wear from contaminants by retaining very fine
particles and water to prevent them from entering the fuel injection system. As shown in
Figure 1, fuel systems can contain one or more stages of filtration. In many cases, a course
screen is also located at the fuel intake located in the fuel tank.

 High pressure side components—Components that create high pressures, meter and
deliver the fuel to the combustion chamber. They include the high pressure pump the
fuel injector and fuel injection nozzle. Some systems may also include an accumulator.

Injection Pump
The main function of the fuel Injection pump is to deliver the right amount of the fuel
into the injector under high pressure. (usually, the range will be 120 to 200 bar) at the correct
instance to the injector fitted in each cylinder head.

There are two different types of Injector pumps


Jerk type pump
Distributor type pump

Governors
In Compression-ignition Engines, the fuel delivered to the cylinders is independent of
the injection pump characteristics and the air intake. The duty of the governor is to control the
fuel quantity based on the load and limit the quantity of fuel when the engine running at very
high speed with less load.

Governors are generally of two types


Mechanical Governor
Pneumatic governor

Fuel Injector
The quick combustion will dependent on the well-designed fuel injector. A good fuel
injector will atomize the fuel into fine droplets and increases the surface area of the droplets
and helps for mixing of the subsequent combustion.

The fuel injector is comprised of the following components.


Needle valve
Compression spring
Nozzle
Injector body

Nozzle
The Nozzle is the part of the Injector through which the fuel is injected into the
cylinder.

Carburetor: A Brief History


The first carburetor was invented by Samuel Moey in the year 1826. Although, the first
person to patent the modern carburetor was Karl Benz, the automobile pioneer who founded
Mercedes Benz. The most popular type; the float-based carburetor was developed by Wilhelm
Maybach and Gottlieb Daimler in 1885. Carburetors were the most common fuel delivery
method until the advent of the fuel injection system in the late 1990s.
Carburetor
In its most basic form, a carburetor uses a Venturi Tube that narrows in a section which
decreases air pressure and creates a vacuum. This what is called the Vacuum Venturi Effect.

Fuel Injection: A Brief History


The first fuel injection system was developed by Herbert Akroyd Stuart. He used a Jerk
Pump which pressurised the fuel at the end. His invention was later commercialised in diesel
engines by Bosch and Cummins. Fuel injection has always been used in diesel engines by design
and was standard fitment on all diesel vehicles by the mid-1920s.
But, it was the Hasselman engine, invented by Jonas Hasselman in 1925, that the first modern
fuel injection found use in a petrol engine.

Carburetor Vs Fuel Injection

VERSATILITY PERFORMANCE FUEL MAINTENANCE


ECONOMY

CARBURETOR NO NO NO YES
FUEL INJECTION YES YES YES NO
SYSTEM

Carburetor
Uses a Venturi Tube that narrows in a section which decreases air pressure and
creates a vacuum

Types of Fuel Injection System

Below are the common types of fuel injection system seen in older and modern vehicles:

Single-Point or Throttle Body Injection

The single-point type of injection system is the earliest and simplest fuel injection that
replace carburetors.

Port or Multiport Fuel Injection

In multiport fuel injectors separator injector nozzles is contained in each cylinder, at


its intake port. This is why the system is sometimes called port injector, shooting the fuel
vapor close to the intake spot, ensuring it’s completely drawn into the cylinder.

Sequential Fuel Injection

This type of fuel injector is also known as sequential port fuel injection or time
injection. It is a type of multiport injection even as basic multiport uses multiple injectors.
They all spray their fuel same time or sequentially, making the fuel to hang around for as long
as 150 milliseconds when the engine is idling.

Direct Injection

Direct injection is common in diesel engines, although starting to be common on


gasoline engine designs. It is sometimes called DIG for direct-injection gasoline. In its process,
fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber, past the valves.

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