- Section 1.6 Transformations of Functions 215 svaph each equation ina rectangular 44. Excrese is useful not only in preventing depres: 43.4 treatment. The following graphs show the percentage 2 y=-2 mecha wll Watyna Patients with depression in tempaton when exetone Brose d Bas3s aa aaa (The conte group tho see Bernd 3 faye a : had 11% ofthe potiats tetsu , aise Hindi spe often paingthough theta conf! an the vue balloons Expres the slaps stn dal ee oe 7S verb nd Percntge of Patients 3 Let fin) = 20? = 5, mene 4 Find f(-2) fs feven,odd,or neither? oO 5° ving M22 ia <2 & . ol boa 4b ow wt Lercte = { i osxsam 25 | BE sonp 7 cmc OME 0) it > 20 2 avs BE moh t Find CUS0),. b. Find C(250), eae ee I trercses aml a | ee eit fncsion in slopesinercept form whose cE ta senha gioco to Ca ope» =2 pig gh 4) Sezai, Sat 40. Passing tough (1,5) and @.1) Pee ae ceeaaC neni) an rough (x4) and parallel 10 the He whose Useyouranver om prt) ocomplte hiss ees For ete ing through (~ arto theline whose dine y= 18 fnraetl ang Determine whether the tine through (2-4) and (7, 0) i845, Fuad the average 1 podilcscee eR E aE Co A ake of ane) = oe ECTIORE 1.6: tennioevtie Have you seen Terminuor 2, The Mask, or The | Marrs? These were among the first films to use spectacular effects in which a character or object having one shape was transformed in 1 fluid fashion into a quite different sl ‘The name for such_a_transformation js ‘morphing, The effect allows a real actor to De seamlessly transformed Recognize yraphs of common functions. Use vettical shifts to granh functions. Use horizontal shifts eee cont generated animation, The animal Sera made t0 perform impossible ( t Use elections 0972p + is morphed back to the conve j functions. ‘ & images, the graph of one function can be tened “Inte _the_graph_ of w differnt “funetion, To do this, we eed fo rely on a function's equation, Knowing that a graph is ‘a transformation of a familiar graph makes graphing easier. | Use vertical stretching and shiinking to graph function Use horizontal stretching an! shrinking to graph functions. Graph functions involving a suquence of tanstouations.216 Chapter 1 Functions and Graphs Recoonive graphs of commen Graphs of Convmion Functions functions, Table 13 gives names to seven frequently enc lable shows each function's graph and lists chat Study ‘shape of each graph and take a few minutes to verily the function's chai. {om its graph. Knowing these graphs is essential for analyzing theu tans into more complicated graphs Table 1.3. Algebra’s Common Graphs ‘Constant Function Domain: (~00,00) © Domain: (-r0,00) . Range: the single number € . Domain (09,00) Range: (-co.c0) + Range: (0.00) * Constant on (~c0,00) + Increasing on (co, <0) + Decreasing on ( 0: 0) ana increasing on (0, > Even function © Odd function . ren function Standard Quadeatic Function Square Root Function ¥ Cube Root Fonction a} mae vi en 72 . 5 ‘ Remietsem) —" bomilact Betas + mtn PEERS ne MRne eee TER Thea MGtey > ESTE, DISCOVERY ‘Tue stuy of how changing function equation an alle gaping with a graphing utility. Use your graphing ullity to verity the hand.drawn grap read this section yrtical Shit “4 H shits to graph Vv shapes are the same. Vigure 1.56 on the iene 32 + 2,adds 2 to the right side of f(x) = x? The y-coordinate of each ]Section 1.6 Transformations of Functions 217 point of ellect does: more than the cu Nave om the px fesponsding y-coordinate of each point of f- What JUL shifts the graph vertically up by 2 units. KO De yn me Ae egg a Fo a Ily.took at the ved graph n Figure 1.56 The equation of this graph, a? Asubtacts Uh of f(x) = 2. The y-coordinate of each J Wshifts the graph vertically down by 3 units. Nay = 8d f(y -3 We apatite he yp fee oie In general, if €1s positive, y = f(4) 4 € shifts the graph of f upward ¢ units and y= fix) = e shifts the graph of / downward ¢ units These are called ver of the graph of f Vertical Shifts Let fbe a funtion and + The raph of y= fl) cw the graph of y = fl) shifted e units vertall GREAT QUESTION! pars fate almeeiem era ” Hh = mom the pene of a Comair . h of y = flix) ~ cis the graph of y = f(x) shifted ¢ units vertically wees Te raph ofy = fn raph of y= fl) eae ctv rondrmnmen? ; 1, the graph of » = fica) the graph of y= /(4) hoewrontaliy shawn A harmonsal shaink ecanpresses tuners graphs wrwaed te by dividing each of sts «-coordunaten by & ate A harwimial svete mares 2 MO <6 < 1, the graph of y = fen) a the graph of + aomtaity 4 Function’ sale wway ta the stretched by Srahing each of sy t-conesbnat yas ‘ EXAMPLE? Horizontally Stretching and Shrinking Use the graph of y © (U0) i Figure 1.60 to obtain each of the fo as) 20 be Way = Hh0) SOLUTION ‘a. The graph of e(4) = s(21) 1s obtained by horizontally shrinksng the graphat remy Ie gh ty = fa ayant ! ih apt ead he224° Chapter 1 Functions and Graphs FIGURE 1,61Sport we ew ate shade. Hece Re party = fs tanya id ae ye Aled Ae Graph y = =! A function involving more than one transformation ean be graphed by perfo Section 1.6 Transformations of Functions 226 transformations in the following over: WEXAMPLE 8 Graphing Using a Sequence of Transform AY) given in Figure 160 of Example 7 on page 223, and Me +3 Tee ep aC 1. Honzontat shifting 3 Reftecting Use the graph of y repeated below,to graph, SOLUTION n GStma) Lonitvothenghe feed HW. ShetelL 2 Shrinking: Graph y the x-axis. fie ~ 1) by shrinking the pr 2 Stretching or shrinking 4 Vertical shifting tions ‘will evolve in the following order: SE Tercont shifting: Graph y = fle ~ 1) by shi 1g the graph of y = flr) fous graph by a factor {x ~ 1) by reflecting the previous graph about 4. Vertical shifting: Graph » = —Jf{x ~ 1) + 3by shifting the previous graph up 3 units. Rega ety = fe) ph y= = fle =. Bata ua es, Pato yvbate “ei ape Ta ganbaty= fee Gonh y = $/te= 0. ‘Shah tly + fate of Matin ach ysis Ra yentye-fflenmen226 Chapter 1 Functions and Graphs D Check Point Use the graph of y = flr) given in Figure Lt of C ‘on page 224 to graph y = ~ {flr + 1) ~ 2 oP EXAMPLE Graphing Using a Sequedce of Transform + Use the graph of fix) = x? to graph g(x) = 2x + 3) = 1 SOLUTIO: (Our graphs will evolve in the following order 1. Horizontal shifting: Graph y = (x + 3)’ by shifting the yrs three units to the left. 2, Stretching: Graph y = 2(x + 3)' by stretching the previous graph by factor of 2 3. Vertical shifting: Graph g(x) = 2(x + 3)’ - 1 by shifting the previous graph down 1 unit.CONCEPT AND VOCABULARY CHECK nt Mh blank so tha the resulting statement ty true 1 The wrap of y= fla) = Sh shift of the graph of y stance ofS units, + Tho graph of y = f(x ~ $) is obtained by wan shilt of the graph of y = f(a). A dlistance of S units, The graph of y % =J(x) is the graph of y = fle) telleetod about the 4 The w reflected about the, In Exercises 1-10, use the graph of y = f(x) 10 graph each fuevion g. Lhe =fAytt Let) = Art) 4 gl) & gu) =fe-D 6 @) 2. s) =A) 8. g(x) 9. = “AD 1318 BO AL ste) = HAO 1 6s) = 2/4) a se) = s/h) 14. gl) = 22) as. ete) = fUs) #16 g(a) = =fl28) - 1 sreises 17-42, use the graph of y = fix) 10 graph each juncion § Ps Perry Ab 18 g(x) = fe) +1 20. gts) = fle +1) 22. g(x) = fle + 1) = 2 2. ge) =f) in =f wed aie- a. ers Ar DE? 2a god = A) Section 1.6 Transtormatons of Functons 227 5, The graph of y = 5/{s) is obtained by af streteh of the graph of y = (x) by multiplying each of its coordinates by 5, ‘graph of y = /(4r) 1s obtained by wan stretch of the graph of y = f(x) by muluplyimg each of its —-coordinates by 5. Mie graph of g(x) Je) © Va shitted hor VET isthe mntally to the right 2S. glu) = flea) 41 26, a) =) HI 21 ste) = 2a) 28 g(x) = 4760) 29. as) = (20) 30. ste) = (a) Me gl) = QHD HL BW gl) = HDI cites 31-44, use the graph of y = f(s) 10 groph each 33. ale) = fle) +2 34, gle) = fix) -2 35. g(a) = fle + 2) 36. (0) = fix ~ 2) 37, glx) = “fle +2) 38. (0) = “flr = 2) Bese +2 40 gle) == 2) A g(x) =H + 2-2 4% gO) =- fle - 2) +2 4. ge) = 19, 44, gx) = 23x) In Brercises 45-52, use the graph of y = f(x) to graph each function s. 46. go) = eT 45. g(x) = fe - 1-0 : 48 g@) = fet I 41, go) = fr FL228 Chapter 1 Functions and Graphs 49. glx) = 4}x) Sh. gtx) = ffte +1) $0. g(x) = ff(2x) S2. g(x) = 2fle — 1) {In Exercises $3-66, begin by graphing the standard quadratic function, f(x) = x2. Then use transformations ofthis graph to {graph the given function. went 53g) = 7-2 54 g(x) =x? = 1 55. g(x) = - 2)? 56, g(x) = (x — 17 $7. Ws) = = = 2° 58. h(a) = - 1 9M) = (e= 24160. Wa) = NP 2 G1. g(x) = 2 - 2)7 62 g(x) = f(x - 1)? 63. Ws) = 200 = P= 64. H) = Her P= 65. We) = 20 HL 66, Hx) = =26e + 2) + 1 40 Exercises 67-80 begin by graphing the square root function, A) = VE. Then ase emsormatins of raph graph he sven function US. A(x) = -We 2 116, n¢0) . 7. g(x) = Wor =? MB. ets) . Practice Plus In Exercises 119-122, use transformations ofthe eruph of he ‘greatest integer function, f(x) = int(x), 10 graph each fun (The graph of flx) = int(x) is shown in Figure 1.35 on poge 180) M9. g(x) = Zint (x +1) 120, g(x) = F(a = 1) WL. hs) = in HT, Ht) In Exercises 123-126, write a possible equanon for the funcuon whose graph is shown. Each graph s common function. 123. a4, U a iranstormanon of 4 LS 67. g(a) = VE+2 Veet 69. g(a) = Viv ari Ti. hs) = -VE¥2 -VeFi TB. Na) = Viv Vari 7S. glx) = }VE 4D wWartT 77. hs) = Vir -2 Viti-1 1. ga) = IVE 2-2 — 80, glx) = VE FI {In Exercises 81-94, begin by grophing the absolue value function, MG) = La]. Then use transformations of this graph to graph the sven function. SH. gfe) = [el +4 3. gx) = [x + 4) 85. W(x) = [x + 4] ~ #7. hte) = 1 +4 88. A(x) = [+31 89. play [real e190. glx) = Le HA +2 91. Wa) = 2] + 4) 92, h(x) = 2x +3] 93. g(a) = 2x +4] #198 gle) = —2[x FIL +2 82. g(x) = Ix] +3 In Exercises 95-106, begin by graphing the standard eubie function, fi) = 2. Then use transformations of this graph to ‘graph the given function 98. g(x) = x" ~ 3 97. gl) = (- 3) 99, Ws) = =a? 101. He) = J? 103, r(x) = (xe - 3 +2 WS. Wa) = W(x = 39-2 dn Exeryes 107-116 begin by graphing the cube rou fancon. ivansformanions ofthis groph wo graph the 96, g(x) = 29-2 98. g(x) = 2-2), 100, (x) = (4 ~ 2) 102, W(x) = 4? 104, r(x) = (= 2) 41 106, nx) = fer = 2)" = 1 Me) = Ve The siven function 107, g(x) = VE +2 08, g(x) = VE - 2 109. g(x) = We #2 M0, g(x) = Wr =2 ML May = VEER Ala) = |=? U3. xy = |Ver 2-2 UA x) = |e 2 42 1-28. by (-1,4.11 SA by1-6.6.1) ns, 126. 5.3. by F-51001) 9S Application Exercises 127. The function f(x) = 29VE + 201 models the medion height, fl), in inches of boys who are x months of age. The graph of fis shown, Boys Heights Ma) =29Ve+ 204 Bos 8 Median Height (inches) re | ‘Ags (month) Source: Lara Walter Nathanson, he Pate edu fortes Describe how the graph can be obtained using transformationsof the square root function fis) = Vi b. According to the model, what is the median height of boys who are 48 months, or four years. old? Use & calculator and round to the nearest tenth of an inch The actual median height for boys at-48 months 408 inches How well does the model desrie the actual height? (This exereise continues on the nent paged