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Activity No.7 - Shaping Machine

The document discusses a shaping machine, which is a production machine that uses single-point cutting tools to cut flat and angular surfaces on a fixed workpiece. It describes the machine's components like the base, column, table, ram and tool head. The document also lists some applications like cutting slots, gears and splines. It outlines the main types of shaping machines based on their driving mechanism, ram travel, table design and cutting stroke. Finally, it provides five safety precautions that should be followed when operating a shaping machine.

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Dezza Marie
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22 views4 pages

Activity No.7 - Shaping Machine

The document discusses a shaping machine, which is a production machine that uses single-point cutting tools to cut flat and angular surfaces on a fixed workpiece. It describes the machine's components like the base, column, table, ram and tool head. The document also lists some applications like cutting slots, gears and splines. It outlines the main types of shaping machines based on their driving mechanism, ram travel, table design and cutting stroke. Finally, it provides five safety precautions that should be followed when operating a shaping machine.

Uploaded by

Dezza Marie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHAPING MACHINE

Shaping Machine is a production machine in which the single point cutting


tools are attached and the workpiece is fixed and while moving forward the
tool cuts the workpiece and in return, there is no cut on the workpiece and
used for producing flat and angular surfaces.

In this lesson, you will learn what is Shaping Machine, its types and
how it should be operated. After the end of the activity, you should be able
to:

1. Explain the working principle and mechanism of a Shaping


Machine.
2. Explain the different parts of a Shaping Machine and its functions.
3. Enumerate the applications and machine fabricated outputs made
from Shaping machine.
4. Enumerate the types of Shaping machine and their features.
5. Discuss the safety precautions that should always be kept in mind
before and during Shaping Machine Operations.

Equipment/Materials
1. Shaping machine
2. Reference books and reliable internet websites

What to do:

In this laboratory exercise, answers should be handwritten and


following the prescribed format.
(Long size bond paper (8.5 in X 13 in), 1 cm margin)

Rating:
Content: (90 %) ____
Cleanliness/Neatness: (10 %) ____

Total: ____
NAME: DEZZA MARIE J. BAZARTE DEADLINE DATE:
SHAPING MACHINE
LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 7 DATE SUBMITTED:

Exercise:

1. Name the different parts of the Shaping Machine shown below and explain
the functions of each part. (Note: it should be handwritten)

2. Explain the different parts of a Shaping Machine and its functions.


Base - The base of the shaper holds all of the weight of the machine tool, and it is
bolted to the shop floor. It is generally made of cast iron. It absorbs vibrations and
other forces imparted during shaping operation.
Column - The column is also made of cast iron in a box shape. It is set on the base
of the shaper. It has precisely machined guideways on top that allow the ram to
move back and forth. For the cross rail to move, there are guideways on the front
vertical face. The ram-driving mechanism is inside the column. The base holds the
column in place.
Table - The table is one of the crucial components of the device which is mounted
on the saddle. The elevating screw and crossfeed rod can be turned to move the
table both horizontally and vertically. It is a casting that resembles a box with

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precisely machined top and side surfaces. The table has T-Slots to clamp the work
and is secured with support to increase rigidity.
Vice - A clamp or vice is mounted on the table to hold the workpiece firmly while
the shaping process is in progress.
Crossrail - This part is fixed to the vertical guideways of the column. By turning an
elevating screw, which enables the cross rail to glide on the vertical face of the
column, the table can be elevated or lowered to meet the varying sizes of the task.
Saddle - It is fixed to the Cross rail securely on the top of the table. The rotation of
the cross feed screw causes the crosswise movement of the saddle which moves
the table in the same direction.
Ram - It is a component in the shaping machine that reciprocates using a quick
return motion mechanism on the guideways at the top of the column while holding
the tool in place. It contains a screwed shaft to adjust the working position.
Tool Head - With the down-feed screw handle, the tool head secures the cutting
tool and allows for both vertical and rotational movement. A tool head of shaping
machine assembly has a vertical slide is made up of a swivel base with graduated
degrees.

3. Enumerate the applications and machine fabricated outputs made from


Shaping machine.
Shaping machines serve a multitude of applications across industries. They are
commonly used for creating flat surfaces on workpieces, cutting precise slots, and
keyways, and shaping gears with accurate tooth profiles. Additionally, shaping
machines excel at cutting splines, internal and external grooves, and dovetail
slides, providing essential components for machinery construction. Their versatility
extends to crafting special profiles tailored to specific requirements and aiding in
tool and die-making processes.

4. Enumerate the types of Shaping machine and their features.


Based on the Type of Driving Mechanism
Crank Type Shaper Machine - used to hold the workpiece on the table. The tool
reciprocates in motion equal to the length of the stroke desired while the work is
clamped in position on an adjustable table.
Gear Type Shaper Machine - The ram is affected due to reciprocating motion with
the rack and pinion. The rack teeth are cut directly below the ram mesh with the
spur gear. The speed and the direction in which the machine will traverse depend
on the number of gears in the gear train. This type of shaper machine is not widely
used in any industry.
Hydraulic Shaper Machine - the reciprocating motion of the ram in this machine is
provided by the hydraulic mechanism. The Hydraulic shaper uses the oil under
high pressure. The end of the piston rod is connected to the ram. The high-
pressure oil first acts on one side of the piston and then on the other causing the
piston to reciprocate and the motion is transmitted to the ram.
Based on Ram Travel

3
Horizontal Shaper Machine - In these types of shaper machines, the ram is
reciprocating. The ram holds the tool on a horizontal axis and reciprocates. This
type of shaper is used for the production of flat surfaces, external grooves,
keyways, etc.
Vertical Shaper Machine - the ram reciprocating in the vertical plane. In this, the
table holds the workpiece. Vertical shapers may be crank-driven, rack-driven,
screw-driven, or hydraulic power-driven.
Based on the Table Design
Standard Shaper Machine - In these shaper machines, the table has only two
movements, vertical and horizontal, to give the feed. That is why it is known as a
standard shaper machine. Here the table is not supporting at the outer end.
Universal Shaper Machine - In addition to the two moments i.e., vertical, and
horizontal, the table can be moving on an inclined axis and also it can swivel on its
axis
Based on Cutting Stroke
Push cut Shaper Machine - the metal is removed in the forward motion of the ram.
This is a commonly used type of shaper machine.
Draw cut Shaper Machine - In these types of shaper machines, the metal is
removed in the backward motion of the ram. In this shaper, the tool is fixed in the
tool head in the reverse direction so that it provides the cutting action in the reverse
stroke of the ram.

5. Discuss 5 safety precautions that should always be kept in mind before and
during Shaping Machine operations.
Firstly, operators must ensure the machine is in optimal condition by inspecting
components for damage or wear, including securing the workpiece firmly to prevent
slippage. Secondly, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE),
such as safety glasses, gloves, and hearing protection, shields operators from
debris and noise. Additionally, familiarity with emergency stop mechanisms is
crucial for immediate response to unforeseen circumstances. Operators should
avoid loose clothing and jewelry that could entangle in moving parts, and strictly
adhere to operating procedures, including proper tool installation and adjustment
only when the machine is stationary.

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