SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

Prof.TD Gunneswara Rao

Department of Civil Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Warangal
Slope deflection method is a versatile
method for the analysis of indeterminate
structures.
The equations developed in this technique
form basis for understanding several
numerical methods like moment distribution
method and Kani’s method.
This technique involves the determination of
end slopes and deflections of a member and
from those values the end moments are
determined.
 L, EI
MAB
A
B
θA

θB
MBA
Deformations of an intermediate element/meme of a frame.

Sign Convention:
Clockwise rotation is Positive
Right down deflection is positive
Clockwise moment is Positive
 L, EI

A B
θA

θB
MFAB
MFBA

𝟒𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑨 𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑨
𝑳 θA 𝑳
𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 𝟒𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩
θB
𝑳 𝑳
𝟔𝑬𝑰
𝟔𝑬𝑰
𝑳𝟐
𝑳𝟐
 𝟒𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑨 𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 𝟔𝑬𝑰𝜹
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 + + − 𝟐
𝑳 𝑳 𝑳

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 −
𝑳 𝑳

𝑭 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝑴𝑩𝑨 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑨 −
𝑳 𝑳
Kinematic Indeterminacy
 Kinematic indeterminacy (KI) of a structures is the total
number of unknown joint displacements.

A B

θ=0 θ=? KI=3

δV=0 δV=?
δH=0 δH=?

A B

θ=? θ=? KI=3

δV=0 δV=0
δH=0 δH=?
 B
A C
KI=5

θ=0
θ=? θ=?
δV=0
δV=0 δV=?
δH=0
δH=? δH=?

A B
KI=0

θ=0 θ=0
δV=0 As KI=0, a fixed beam is a δV=0
δH=0 kinematically determinate δH=0
Procedure to be followed
 Make the members kinematically determinate. i.e., fix
the ends of the members.
 Determine the fixed end moments of all members
 Use slope deflection equations and determine the
member end moments in terms of the member end
displacements.
 Apply equilibrium equations at the each and every
joints.
 Solve the equations and determine the member end
displacements.
 Using member end displacements , determine the
member end moments.
Determine the member end moments and
hence draw MD of the continuous beam shown.
Ignore the horizontal or axial deformations
20kN
4kN/m 15kN.m

A
B C KI=2
1m 3m 6m
θ=0 2EI EI
θ=? θ=?
δV=0 δV=0 δV=0
δH=0 δH=0 δH=0

𝑴𝑨𝑩 =? 𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟓

𝑴𝑩𝑨 + 𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎
 Solution
20kN
4kN/m 15kN.m

A
B C
1m 3m 6m
20kN 2EI EI

A B
1m 3m
4kN/m
MFAB MFBA
B C

MFBC MFCB
 Fixed End Moments
𝑾𝒂𝒃𝟐 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏 × 𝟑𝟐
𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 =− =− = −𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑳𝟐 𝟒𝟐
𝑾𝒃𝒂 𝟐 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟑 × 𝟏 𝟐
𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑨 = = = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑳𝟐 𝟒𝟐
𝑾𝑳𝟐 𝟒 × 𝟔𝟐
𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑪 =− =− = −𝟏𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐

𝑾𝑳𝟐 𝟒 × 𝟔𝟐
𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 = = = 𝟏𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
Slope Deflection Equations
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐×𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 − =-11.25+ 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 −
𝑳 𝑳 𝟒 𝑳

𝑴𝑨𝑩 =-11.25+EI 𝜽𝑩

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑨 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑨 − = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 + 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩
𝑳 𝑳

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑪 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − = −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 − = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑
Equilibrium Equations
𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝑬𝑰
⟹ 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 + 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩 + −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 = 𝟎
𝟑
𝟐𝟒. 𝟕𝟓
⟹ 𝟖𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 = −−−−−− −(𝟏)
𝑬𝑰

𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 15

𝑬𝑰
⟹ 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 = 𝟏𝟓
𝟑
𝑬𝑰
⟹ 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 = 𝟏𝟓
𝟑
𝟗
⟹ 𝜽𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 = −−−−−− −(𝟐)
𝑬𝑰
Solving Equations (1) and (2)
𝟐𝟒. 𝟕𝟓
⟹ 𝟖𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 = −−−−−− −(𝟏)
𝑬𝑰
𝟗
⟹ 𝜽𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 = −−−−−−−− −(𝟐)
𝑬𝑰

8 1 𝜽𝑩 1 24.75
=
1 2 𝜽𝑪 𝐸𝐼 9
 Solving Equations (1) and (2)
𝟐𝟒. 𝟕𝟓
⟹ 𝟖𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 = −−−−−− −(𝟏)
𝑬𝑰
𝟗
⟹ 𝜽𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 = −−−−−−−− −(𝟐)
𝑬𝑰
𝟐. 𝟕
⟹ 𝜽𝑩 =
𝑬𝑰
𝟑. 𝟏𝟓
⟹ 𝜽𝑪 =
𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑨𝑩 =-11.25+EI 𝜽𝑩 =-11.25+2.7=-8.55kN.m
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 + 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩 =3.75+5.4=9.15kN.m

𝑴𝑩𝑪 = −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏. 𝟖 + 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 = -9.15kN.m

𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐. 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟗 = 15kN.m
 20kN
4kN/m 15kN.m

A
B C
1m 3m 6m
2EI EI

1
15 8
+v
9.15 e -ve
+v
e 1
-ve
5
8.55

BMD
 Analyze the continuous beam ABC shown below. Use Slope
Deflection method. Neglect horizontal or axial deformations.

20kN 5kN
4kN/m

A C D
2m 2m B 6m 3m
KI=5
θ=? 2EI θ=? EI θ=? 3EI θ=?
δV=0 δV=0 δV=0 δV=?
δH=0 δH=0 δH=0 δH=0
20kN
4kN/m
15kN.m
A KI=3
2m 2m B 6m

θ=? 2EI θ=? EI θ=? C

δV=0 δV=0 δV=0
δH=0 δH=0 δH=0
 4kN/m
15kN.m
A
2m 2m B 6m

θ=? 2EI θ=? EI θ=? C

δV=0 δV=0 δV=0
δH=0 δH=0 δH=0

20kN

A B
2m 2m
4kN/m
MFAB MFBA
B C
6m
MFBC MFCB
 Fixed End Moments

𝑾𝑳 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟒
𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 =− =− = −𝟏𝟎𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟖 𝟖
𝑾𝑳 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟒
𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑨 = = = 𝟏𝟎𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟖 𝟖
𝑾𝑳𝟐 𝟒 × 𝟔𝟐
𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑪 =− =− = −𝟏𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐

𝑾𝑳𝟐 𝟒 × 𝟔𝟐
𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 = = = 𝟏𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
Slope Deflection Equations
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐×𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 − =-10+ 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 −
𝑳 𝑳 𝟒 𝑳

𝑴𝑨𝑩 =-10+EI 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑨 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑨 − = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑨 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩
𝑳 𝑳

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑪 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − = −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 − = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑
Equilibrium Equations
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 0
𝟏𝟎
⟹ -10+EI 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 = 𝟎 ⟹ 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 = −−−−− −(𝟏)
𝑬𝑰

𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝑬𝑰
⟹ 𝟏𝟎 + 𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑨 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 = 𝟎
𝟑
𝟔
⟹ 𝟑𝜽𝑨 + 𝟖𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 = −−−−−− −(𝟐)
𝑬𝑰
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 15𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑬𝑰
⟹ 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 = 𝟏𝟓
𝟑
𝟗
⟹ 𝜽𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 = −−−−−− −(𝟑)
𝑬𝑰
Solving Equations (1), (2) and (3)
𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 = −−−−−− −(𝟏)
𝑬𝑰
𝟔
𝟑𝜽𝑨 + 𝟖𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 = −−−−−−−− −(𝟐)
𝑬𝑰

𝟗
𝜽𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 = −−−−−− −(𝟑)
𝑬𝑰

2 1 0 𝜽𝑨 10
1
3 8 1 𝜽𝑩 = 6
𝐸𝐼
0 1 2 𝜽𝑪 9
 𝟒𝟗
𝜽𝑨 =
𝟖𝑬𝑰
𝟗
𝜽𝑩 = −
𝟒𝑬𝑰
𝟒𝟓
𝜽𝑪 = −
𝟖𝑬𝑰

𝑴𝑨𝑩 =-10+EI 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 =0

𝟒𝟗 − 𝟑𝟔
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑨 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎 + = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟖
𝑬𝑰 −𝟑𝟔 + 𝟒𝟓
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 = −𝟏𝟐 + = −𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟑 𝟑×𝟖

𝑬𝑰 𝟗𝟎 − 𝟏𝟖
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐 + = 𝟏𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟑 𝟑×𝟖
 20kN
4kN/m
5kN
A
B C
2m 6m
2EI EI 3m

18kN.m
20kN.m

+v 15kN.m
+v 11.625kN. e
e m
-
ve

BMD
Determine the support moments of a continuous beam
loaded as shown below. Supports B and C sinks down by
12mm and 24mm respectively. EI=5x104kN.m2 ,Suppots A
and D are fixed. Neglect axial deformations

A
B EI C D
2EI 2EI

5m 6m 5m
θ=0 θ=? θ=? θ=0
δV=0 δV=0.012 δV=0.024 δV=0
δH=0 δH=0 δH=0 δH=0

𝑴𝑨𝑩 =? 𝑴𝑩𝑨 + 𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎 𝑴𝑪𝑩 + 𝑴𝑪𝑫 =0 𝑴𝑫𝑪 =?

 Fixed End Moments

𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑨 =𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑪 =𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑫=𝑴𝑭𝑫𝑪 =0

Slope Deflection Equations
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐×𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑×𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟐
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 − =0+ 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 −
𝑳 𝑳 𝟓 𝟓

𝟒
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 - 3.6
𝟓
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟖
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑨 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑨 − = 𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩 − 𝟑. 𝟔
𝑳 𝑳 𝟓

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝑬𝑰 𝟑 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑪 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − = 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 −
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑 𝟔

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
𝟑 𝟑
 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝑬𝑰 𝟑 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 − =𝟎+ 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 −
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑 𝟔
𝑬𝑰 𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
𝟑 𝟑

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟑 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟒

𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑫 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑫 − =𝟎+ 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑫 +
𝑳 𝑳 𝟓 𝟓

𝟖𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝜽𝑪 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟐
𝟓
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟑 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟒
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝑴𝑭𝑫𝑪 + 𝟐𝜽𝑫 + 𝜽𝑪 − =𝟎+ 𝜽𝑪 + 𝟐𝜽𝑫 +
𝑳 𝑳 𝟓 𝟓
𝟒𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝜽𝑪 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟐
𝟓
Equilibrium Equations
𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝟖 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝑬𝑰
𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩 − 𝟑. 𝟔 + 𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 =0
𝟓 𝟑 𝟑

𝟕𝟐.𝟕𝟓
⟹34𝜽𝑩 +5𝜽𝑪 = 𝑬𝑰
−−− −(𝟏)

𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0

𝑬𝑰 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟖𝑬𝑰
𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 + 𝜽𝑪 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟑 𝟑 𝟓
𝟏𝟖.𝟓𝟕𝟕𝟐
⟹5𝜽𝑩 +3𝟒𝜽𝑪 = 𝑬𝑰
−−− −(𝟐)
 𝟑𝟒 𝟓 𝜽𝑩 𝟏 𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟓
=
𝟓 𝟑𝟒 𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 𝟏𝟖. 𝟓𝟕𝟕𝟐

𝜽𝑩 𝟏 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟗
=𝑬𝑰
𝜽𝑪 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟖

𝟒
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 - 3.6 = -1.916kN.m
𝟓
𝟖
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟓
𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩 − 𝟑. 𝟔= -0.232kN.m
 𝟑𝟒 𝟓 𝜽𝑩 𝟏 𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 𝜽𝑩 𝟏 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟗
= =
𝟓 𝟑𝟒 𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 𝟏𝟖. 𝟓𝟕𝟕𝟐 𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟖

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟑 𝟑
𝑬𝑰 𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 = −𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟏𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟑 𝟑

𝟖𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝜽𝑪 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟎𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟓

𝟒𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝜽𝑪 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟓
 A
B EI C D
2EI 2EI

5m 6m 5m
0.232kN.m 0.39kN.m
1.916kN.m 0.2kN.m

1.916kN.m
-ve 0.2kN.m
-ve

+ve

0.232kN.m
0.39kN.m
BMD
Analysis of frames
 Frames are the combination of different members
jointed to form different shapes.
 The joints may be the
rigid joints which transfer moments, shear and axial
forces.
Hinged joints which transfer shear and axial forces.
Frames that do not undergo sway
M M

 Frames having symmetry

2EI 2EI
w.r.t
 Geometry P Axis of P
Symmetry
 Loading
 Supports
Do not undergo sway

 Frames having EI 2EI

constraints for sway also
do not undergo sway
 Frames that undergo sway
 Frames asymmetry w.r.t M M
any one of the following
 Geometry
 Loading
EI 2EI
 Supports P P
Undergo sway
Analysis of single bay frames
C
B 6kN/m

2EI
3m EI
20kN 2EI D
3m

AB=6m; BC=8m and CD=3m

 Fixed End Moments

𝑾𝑳 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟔
𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 =− =− = −𝟏𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟖 𝟖
𝑭 𝑾𝑳 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟔
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = = = 𝟏𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟖 𝟖
𝟐 𝟐
𝑾𝑳 𝟔 × 𝟖
𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑪 = − =− = −𝟑𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝑾𝑳 𝟔 × 𝟖
𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 = = = 𝟑𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑫 = 𝑴𝑭𝑫𝑪 = 𝟎
 Slope Deflection Equations
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐×𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 − =-15+ 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 −
𝑳 𝑳 𝟔 𝑳

𝟐
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 - 15
𝟑
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟒
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑨 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑨 − = 𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩 + 𝟏𝟓
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑪 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − = −𝟑𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪
𝑳 𝑳 𝟐

𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟑𝟐
𝟐
 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟒𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 − = 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩
𝑳 𝑳 𝟖
𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝜽𝑩 + 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟑𝟐
𝟐

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑫 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑫 − =𝟎+ 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑫
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑

𝟒𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝜽𝑪
𝟑
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝑴𝑭𝑫𝑪 + 𝟐𝜽𝑫 + 𝜽𝑪 − =𝟎+ 𝜽𝑪
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑
𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝜽𝑪
𝟑
Equilibrium Equations
𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝟒 𝑬𝑰
𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩 + 𝟏𝟓+𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽 − 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟑 𝟐 𝑪

𝟏𝟎𝟐
⟹ 𝟏4𝜽𝑩 +3𝜽𝑪 = 𝑬𝑰
−−− −(𝟏)

𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0

𝑬𝑰 𝟒𝑬𝑰
𝜽𝑩 + 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟑𝟐 + 𝜽𝑪 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟑

𝟏𝟗𝟐
⟹ 𝟑𝜽𝑩 +1𝟒𝜽𝑪 = − 𝑬𝑰 −−− −(𝟐)
𝟏𝟒 𝟑 𝜽𝑩 𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟐
=
𝟑 𝟏𝟒 𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 −𝟏𝟗𝟐

𝜽𝑩 𝟏 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟔
=𝑬𝑰
𝜽𝑪 −𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟏𝟏
Sway Analysis

6kN/m C
B
2EI
3m EI
20kN 2EI D
3m

AB=6m; BC=8m and CD=3m

 Fixed End Moments

𝑾𝑳 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟔
𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 =− =− = −𝟏𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟖 𝟖
𝑭 𝑾𝑳 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟔
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = = = 𝟏𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟖 𝟖
𝟐 𝟐
𝑾𝑳 𝟔 × 𝟖
𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑪 = − =− = −𝟑𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝑾𝑳 𝟔 × 𝟖
𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 = = = 𝟑𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑫 = 𝑴𝑭𝑫𝑪 = 𝟎
 Slope Deflection Equations
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐×𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 − =-15+ 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 −
𝑳 𝑳 𝟔 𝑳

𝟐 𝟏
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 - 𝑬𝑰𝜹 - 15
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟒 𝟏
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑨 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑨 − = 𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩 + 𝟏𝟓 - 𝑬𝑰𝜹
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑 𝟑

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑴𝑭𝑩𝑪 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − = −𝟑𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪
𝑳 𝑳 𝟐

𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟑𝟐
𝟐
 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟒𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 − = 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩
𝑳 𝑳 𝟖
𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝜽𝑩 + 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟑𝟐
𝟐

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑫 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑫 − =𝟎+ 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑫 −
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑 𝟑

𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟐
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝜽𝑪 − 𝑬𝑰𝜹
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟐
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝑴𝑭𝑫𝑪 + 𝟐𝜽𝑫 + 𝜽𝑪 − =𝟎+ 𝜽𝑪 - 𝑬𝑰𝜹
𝑳 𝑳 𝟑 𝟑

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟐
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝜽𝑪 − 𝑬𝑰𝜹
𝟑 𝟑
Equilibrium Equations
𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝟒 𝟏 𝑬𝑰
𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩 + 𝟏𝟓 − 𝑬𝑰𝜹 + 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐

𝟏𝟎𝟐
⟹ 𝟏4𝜽𝑩 +3𝜽𝑪 − 𝟐𝜹 = 𝑬𝑰
−−− −(𝟏)

𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0

𝑬𝑰 𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟐
𝜽𝑩 + 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟑𝟐 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝑬𝑰𝜹 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑

𝟏𝟗𝟐
⟹ 𝟑𝜽𝑩 +1𝟒𝜽𝑪 − 𝟒𝜹 = − 𝑬𝑰 −−− −(𝟐)
 Shear Equilibrium Equation
Consider the equilibrium of the bar AB

B 𝑀𝐵𝐴 ෍ 𝑀𝐵 = 0

3m
𝑅𝐻𝐴 × 6 + 𝑀𝐴𝐵 +𝑀𝐵𝐴 − 20 × 3 = 0
20kN

3m 𝑀𝐴𝐵 +𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝑅𝐻𝐴 = 10 −
6
A 𝑀𝐴𝐵
𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
𝑅𝐻𝐴 𝟑 𝑬𝑰𝜽 𝑩 − 𝟑 𝑬𝑰𝜹 − 15 + 𝟑 𝑬𝑰 𝜽 𝑩 + 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟑 𝑬𝑰𝜹
𝑅𝐻𝐴 = 10 −
𝑅𝑉𝐴 6

𝟏 𝟏
𝑹𝑯𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 + 𝑬𝑰𝜹
𝟑 𝟗
 Consider the equilibrium of the bar CD
𝑀𝐶𝐷
C
෍ 𝑀𝐵 = 0

3m
−𝑅𝐻𝐷 × 3 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 +𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 0
D 𝑀𝐷𝐶
𝑅𝐻𝐷 𝑀𝐶𝐷 +𝑀𝐷𝐶
𝑅𝑉D 𝑅𝐻𝐷 =
3

𝟒𝑬𝑰
𝟑 𝑪
𝜽 − 𝟐𝟑𝑬𝑰𝜹+𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 − 𝑬𝑰𝜹
𝟐
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟒
𝑅𝐻𝐷 = 𝟑 𝟑
= 𝜽𝑪 − 𝑬𝑰𝜹
3 𝟑 𝟗
 6kN/m C
B ෍𝐻 = 0
2EI
3m EI
20kN 2EI ⟹ 20 + 𝑅𝐻𝐷 − 𝑅𝐻𝐴 = 0
𝑅𝐻𝐷 D
3m
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟒 𝟏 𝟏
A 𝑅𝐻𝐴 ⟹ 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟑
𝜽𝑪 − 𝟗
𝑬𝑰𝜹 − 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 + 𝟗 𝑬𝑰𝜹 = 0

𝟗𝟎
𝟑𝜽𝑩 + 𝟔𝜽𝑪 − 𝟓𝜹 = − −−−− −(𝟑)
𝑬𝑰
𝟏𝟎 𝟔𝟎
−𝟐𝜽𝑩 − 𝟒𝜽𝑪 + 𝜹= −−−− −(𝟑)
𝟑 𝑬𝑰
 𝟏𝟎𝟐
⟹ 𝟏4𝜽𝑩 +3𝜽𝑪 − 𝟐𝜹 = 𝑬𝑰
−−− −(𝟏)
𝟏𝟗𝟐
⟹ 𝟑𝜽𝑩 +1𝟒𝜽𝑪 − 𝟒𝜹 = − −−− −(𝟐)
𝑬𝑰
𝟏𝟎 𝟔𝟎
⟹ −𝟐𝜽𝑩 −𝟒𝜽𝑪 + 𝜹= − −(𝟑)
𝟑 𝑬𝑰

14 3−2
𝜽𝑩 1 102
3 14
−4
10 𝜽𝑪 = 𝐸𝐼 −192
−2 −4 𝜹 60
3
 𝜽𝑩 𝟏 11.4276
𝜽𝑪 = −13.7888
𝑬𝑰
𝜹 8.310051
𝟐 𝟏
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 - 𝑬𝑰𝜹 – 15 =-10.152kN.m
𝟑 𝟑

𝟒 𝟏
𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑩 + 𝟏𝟓 - 𝑬𝑰𝜹 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟔𝟕𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟑 𝟑
𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 + 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟑𝟐 = −𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟔𝟕𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟐
𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝜽𝑩 + 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟗𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟐
𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟐
𝑴𝑪𝑫 = 𝜽𝑪 − 𝑬𝑰𝜹 = −𝟐𝟑. 𝟗𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟐
𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝜽𝑪 − 𝑬𝑰𝜹 = −𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟑𝟑𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝟑 𝟑
 6kN/m C

𝟒𝟖𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
+ve
-ve
-ve
𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟔𝟕𝒌𝑵. 𝒎 𝟐𝟑. 𝟗𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
B
-ve 8m -ve
3m
3m
20kN +ve +ve
D
3m 𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟑𝟑𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
-ve
A
10.152kN.m
 +ve
-ve
𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟔𝟕𝒌𝑵. 𝒎 -ve
𝟐𝟑. 𝟗𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
-ve -ve

3m
+ve +ve

𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟑𝟑𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
-ve

10.152kN.m
 6kN/m C
𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟔𝟕𝒌𝑵. 𝒎 𝟐𝟑. 𝟗𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

8m

24.443kN 23.557kN
𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟔𝟕𝒌𝑵. 𝒎 𝟐𝟑. 𝟗𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
B 12.886kN
12.886kN
3m

20kN 12.886kN D
3m
7.114kN 𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟑𝟑𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
A

10.152kN.m
 Determine the fixed end reactions of the fixed beam
shown below. Use slope deflection method

30kN

20kN.m

A
EI B
2EI C

4m 2m
 Introduce an imaginary support at C, such that reaction
at the support is ZERO
30kN

20kN.m

A
EI B
2EI C

4m 2m

MFAC= MFCA= MFCB= MFBC= 0

 Slope Deflection Equations
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐×𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑪 + 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑪 − = 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑪 −
𝑳 𝑳 𝟒 𝟒

𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑪𝑨 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑨 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑨 − = 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹
𝑳 𝑳
𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑪𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑪 + 𝜽𝑩 + = 𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 1.𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹
𝑳 𝑳

𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟏. 𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹

 Equilibrium Equations
𝑀𝐶𝐴 + 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = −20

𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹+𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑪 + 𝟏. 𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹 = −𝟐𝟎

𝟖𝟎
⟹1𝟔𝜽𝑪 + 𝟑𝑬𝑰𝜹 = − 𝑬𝑰 −−− −(𝟏)
30kN
Total reaction at C =0
20kN.m

A
EI B
2EI C

𝑀𝐴𝐶 +𝑀𝐶𝐴 𝑀𝐶𝐵 +𝑀𝐵𝐶

𝑅𝐶𝐴 = 𝑅𝐶𝐵 =
4 2

𝑅𝐶𝐴 + 30 = 𝑅𝐶𝐵 30kN

 𝑅𝐶𝐵 − 𝑅𝐶𝐴 = 30
𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝑀𝐴𝐶 + 𝑀𝐶𝐴
− = 30
2 4

𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟏. 𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹 + 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟏. 𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹 + 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹

− = 30
2 4

𝟑𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟑𝑬𝑰𝜹 𝟑𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 − 𝟏. 𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹

− = 30
2 4

𝟔𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟔𝑬𝑰𝜹 𝟑𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 − 𝟏. 𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹

− = 30
4 4

𝟏𝟐𝟎
3𝜽𝑪 + 7.5𝜹 = −−−−−− −(𝟐)
𝑬𝑰
 𝟏𝟔 𝟑 𝜽𝑪 𝟏 −𝟖𝟎
=
𝟑 𝟕. 𝟓 𝜹 𝑬𝑰 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝜽𝑪 𝟏 −8.64865
=
𝜹 𝑬𝑰 19.45946
𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹 = −𝟐𝟑. 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑴𝑪𝑨 = 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝜽𝑪 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹 = −𝟑𝟏. 𝟖𝟗𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟐𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 1.𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟗𝟐𝐤𝐍. 𝐦
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 + 𝟏. 𝟓𝑬𝑰𝜹 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟏𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
 30kN

20kN.m

A EI
2EI C B
4m 2m
𝟑𝟏. 𝟖𝟗𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟗𝟐𝐤𝐍. 𝐦
+ve

-ve -ve 𝟐𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟏𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

𝟐𝟑. 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝒌𝑵. 𝒎 𝑩𝑴𝑫

Determine the end slopes of a simply supported
beam shown below. EI is constant throughout
the member. Use Slope Deflection Method.
10kN 10kN

A B

4m 2m 4m
 Take advantage of symmetry.
10kN 10kN
θA θB
A B

4m 2m 4m

θA = -θB

𝟏𝟎×𝟒×𝟔𝟐 𝟏𝟎×𝟔×𝟒𝟐
MFAB= − 𝟏𝟎𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐 = −𝟐𝟒𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

𝟏𝟎×𝟒×𝟔𝟐 𝟏𝟎×𝟔×𝟒𝟐
MFBA= − 𝟏𝟎𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐 = −𝟐𝟒𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟑𝜹 𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝑴𝑭𝑨𝑩 + 𝟐𝜽𝑨 + 𝜽𝑩 − =-24+ 𝟐𝜽𝑨 − 𝜽𝑨 =-24+0.2EI𝜽𝑨
𝑳 𝑳 𝟏𝟎

𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = -24+0.2EI𝜽𝑨 =0 ⟹ 𝜽𝑨 = =
𝟎.𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝑬𝑰
10kN 10kN
θA θB
A B

4m 2m 4m

40/EI 40/EI

𝟒𝟎 𝟐𝟒𝟎
2𝜽𝑨 = 𝟐𝑬𝑰 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐 = 𝑬𝑰
𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝜽𝑨 =
𝑬𝑰
 40kN.m
4m, 2EI 8m, 2EI
A B
D

6m, 3EI

What is θD?