Experiment no 1:

Getting Started with Excel: Creation of spread sheets, Insertion of rows and columns, Drag
& Fill, use of Aggregate functions

1. Creating a Spreadsheet:

 Open Microsoft Excel.

 A blank workbook is opened. Each workbook can have multiple sheets.
 Start entering your data into the cells. Each intersection of a row and column is a cell.

2. Inserting Rows and Columns:

 To insert a row, right-click on the row number (on the left) where you want the new row and
choose "Insert."
 To insert a column, right-click on the column letter (at the top) where you want the new column
and choose "Insert."

3. Drag and Fill:

 Drag-and-fill is a powerful feature to quickly populate cells with a series or pattern.

 Enter a value in a cell, select that cell, and then position your cursor at the bottom-right corner
(you'll see a small square, the fill handle). Drag it down or across to fill adjacent cells with a
series.

4. Use of Aggregate Functions:

 SUM Function:
 Select the cell where you want the result.
 Type "=SUM(" and select the range of cells you want to add.
 Close the parentheses and press Enter.
 AVERAGE Function:
 Select the cell where you want the result.
 Type "=AVERAGE(" and select the range of cells you want to average.
 Close the parentheses and press Enter.
 MAX and MIN Functions:
 Similar to SUM and AVERAGE, but use "=MAX(" or "=MIN(" for finding the
maximum or minimum value.
 COUNT Function:
 Use "=COUNT(" to count the number of cells in a range that contain numbers.
 IF Function:
 Use "=IF(" to create conditional statements based on certain criteria.
 5. Formatting and Customization:

 Format cells for currency, dates, percentages, etc., using the formatting options in the toolbar.
 Adjust column widths and row heights as needed.
 Explore additional formatting options like borders, colors, and font styles.

6. Saving and Sharing:

 Save your spreadsheet regularly using the Save or Save As option.

 Share your spreadsheet by sending the Excel file or by using online collaboration features.
 Experiment 2:

Working with Data : Importing data, Data Entry & Manipulation, Sorting & Filtering.

1. Importing Data:

 From Text/CSV:
1. Click on the "Data" tab.
2. Choose "Get Data" or "Get External Data."
3. Select "From Text" or "From CSV" and follow the wizard to import your data.
 From Other Sources:
1. Click on the "Data" tab.
2. Choose the appropriate option like "From Web," "From Access," etc.
3. Follow the steps in the wizard to connect and import your data.
 Copy-Pasting:
 You can also copy data from an external source (e.g., a website or another spreadsheet)
and paste it into Excel.

2. Data Entry & Manipulation:

 Entering Data:
 Simply click on the cell where you want to enter data and start typing.
 Formatting Data:
 Format cells for numbers, dates, percentages, etc., as needed.
 Text to Columns:
1. Select the column with the data.
2. Click on the "Data" tab.
3. Choose "Text to Columns" to split data based on a delimiter.
 Concatenate:
 Use the CONCATENATE function or the "&" symbol to combine data from different
cells.

3. Sorting & Filtering:

 Sorting Data:
1. Select the column you want to sort.
2. Click on the "Data" tab.
3. Choose "Sort A to Z" (ascending) or "Sort Z to A" (descending).
 Filtering Data:
1. Select your data range.
2. Click on the "Data" tab.
3. Choose "Filter" to add filter arrows to the column headers.
4. Click on the filter arrow to sort or filter data based on specific criteria.
 Advanced Filtering:
 Use the "Advanced Filter" option for more complex filtering criteria.
 Experiment 3:

Working with Data: Data Validation, Pivot Tables & Pivot Charts.

1. Select the Cells for Data Validation:

 Highlight the cells or column where you want to apply data validation.

2. Go to the Data Tab:

 Click on the "Data" tab in the Excel ribbon.

3. Choose Data Validation:

 Click on "Data Validation" in the Data Tools group.

4. Set Criteria for Character Data:

 In the Data Validation dialog box:

 Choose "List" from the Allow dropdown menu.
 In the Source field, you can either type the characters you want to allow separated by
commas or refer to a range where the allowed characters are listed.
 Alternatively, if you want to allow any text (characters), you can choose "Text Length" or
"Custom" from the Allow dropdown menu and set the criteria accordingly.

5. Input Message (Optional):

 On the "Input Message" tab, you can enter a title and input message to guide users about the type
of data allowed.

6. Error Alert (Optional):

 On the "Error Alert" tab, you can set up an error message to display if the user enters invalid
data.

7. Click OK:

 Click the "OK" button to apply the data validation.

8. Testing Data Validation:

 Try entering data into the validated cells to ensure that it adheres to the specified criteria.
 Example: Allow Only Specific Characters

 Suppose you want to allow only uppercase letters (A-Z) in a column:

1. Select the cells where you want to apply data validation.
2. Go to the Data tab > Data Validation.
3. Choose "List" from the Allow dropdown.
4. In the Source field, enter or refer to the range of allowed characters (A,B,C,...Z).

This way, users will be restricted to entering only the characters you have specified.

Remember to adjust the validation criteria based on your specific requirements for character data
in Excel.

2. Pivot Tables:

Pivot tables are powerful tools for summarizing and analyzing data.

1. Example Data:
 Imagine you have a dataset with columns like "Product," "Sales," and "Region."
2. Creating a Pivot Table:
 Select your dataset.
 Go to the "Insert" tab and click on "PivotTable."
 Choose where to place the pivot table and click "OK."
3. Setting up the Pivot Table:
 Drag "Product" to the Rows area, "Sales" to the Values area (to sum the sales), and
"Region" to the Columns area.
4. Customizing the Pivot Table:
 You can further customize your pivot table by dragging fields around and applying
filters.

3. Pivot Charts:

Pivot charts are visual representations of pivot table data.

1. Creating a Pivot Chart:

 With your pivot table selected, go to the "Insert" tab and click on "PivotChart."
 Choose the chart type (e.g., Bar, Line, Pie) and click "OK."
2. Setting up the Pivot Chart:
 Excel will create a chart linked to your pivot table.
 You can drag fields in the "PivotChart Fields" pane to customize your chart.
3. Customizing the Pivot Chart:
 Format your chart, add titles, labels, and legends for clarity.
 Experiment with different chart types and styles.
 4. Refreshing Data in Pivot Table and Pivot Chart:

 If your source data changes, you can refresh both the pivot table and pivot chart to reflect those
changes.
 Right-click on the pivot table or chart and select "Refresh."

5. Saving and Sharing:

 Save your workbook after creating and modifying pivot tables and charts.
 Share your insights by sharing the Excel file.
 Experiment 4:

Data Analysis Process: Conditional Formatting, What-If Analysis, Data Tables, Charts &
Graphs.

Example Dataset:

1. Conditional Formatting:

Steps:
1. Select Data:
 Highlight the "% of attendance " column or the entire dataset.
2. Open Conditional Formatting:
 Go to the "Home" tab.
3. Choose Conditional Formatting:
 Click on "Conditional Formatting".
4. Select new Rule:
 Enter the new rule and select the fill colour.
 It will highlight the records that matches the condition.

 What if Analysis

Step 1: Set Up Your Data

Cost 50
Qty 100
Total 50*100
Delivary charges 10% of qty
Total cost Total + total cost

Step 2: Create Scenarios

1. Enter Initial Data:

 Input the initial values as given in the above table.
2. Go to the Data Tab:
 Navigate to the "Data" tab on the ribbon.
3. What-If Analysis -> Scenario Manager:
 Click on "What-If Analysis" and select "Scenario Manager."
4. Add Scenario:
 Click on "Add" in the Scenario Manager.
 Name the scenario, e.g., "Original."
5. Change Data for Scenario:
 Change the Interest Rate in the worksheet to the desired value for your scenario.
6. Add Another Scenario:
 Go back to the Scenario Manager and click on "Add" again.
 Name this scenario, e.g., "More Qty."
7. Change Data for the New Scenario:
 Change the Interest Rate in the worksheet to a higher value.

Step 3: View Results

1. Switch Between Scenarios:

 In the Scenario Manager, you can switch between scenarios to see the impact on the
Monthly Payment.
2. Generate Summary Report:
 Create a summary report by going to "What-If Analysis" -> "Scenario Summary."
3. Review the Impact:
 The summary report will show the impact of different scenarios on the Monthly Payment.

3. Data Tables:

1. Create Input Table:

 Set up a table with input values (e.g., different discount percentages) and a formula
calculating total sales.
2. Select Data Table Range:
 Highlight the table, including the row and column headers.
3. Go to Data Table Option:
 Go to the "Data" tab.
 Click on "What-If Analysis" -> "Data Table."
4. Specify Row and Column Input Cells:
 Identify the cell containing the input values (discount percentage) for rows and columns.
5. View Results:
 The data table will show how different discount percentages impact total sales.

4. Charts & Graphs:

1. Select Data:
 Highlight the entire dataset.
2. Insert Chart:
 Go to the "Insert" tab.
3. Choose Chart Type:
 Click on "Chart" and select a type (e.g., a clustered column chart).
4. Customize Chart:
 Right-click on elements to format and customize the chart.
 Add titles, labels, legends, and adjust the chart type if needed.
5. Update Chart:
 If your data changes, right-click on the chart and select "Refresh" to update the visual
representation
Experiment 5. Cleaning Data with Text Functions: use of UPPER and LOWER, TRIM
function, Concatenate.

Convert text to uppercase:

=UPPER(A1)

Convert text to lowercase:

=LOWER(A1)

Remove leading and trailing spaces:

=TRIM(A1)

Concatenate two cells

=A1&A2
Experiment 6. Cleaning Data Containing Date and Time Values: use of DATEVALUE
function, DATEADD and DATEDIF, TIMEVALUE functions.

Add 1 day to the date:

=DATEADD(B1, 1)

Calculate the difference in days between two dates:

=DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, "d")

Replace start_date and end_date with the actual cell references.

Extract time from a datetime column:

=TIMEVALUE(B1)

Replace B1 with the actual cell reference containing your datetime.

=DATEVALUE(datetext)
Returns the serial number for a date .default date that excel considers is 1/1/1900
Experiment 7. Conditional Formatting: formatting, parsing, and highlighting data in
spreadsheets during data analysis.

Format cells that meet a certain condition. For example, highlight cells with values greater than
100.
Select the range of cells.
Go to "Home" > "Conditional Formatting" > "Highlight Cells Rules" > "Greater Than" and set
the value.

Data Bars and Color Scales:

Use data bars to visually represent the value of each cell in a range.
Select the range and choose "Data Bars" from the "Conditional Formatting" menu.
Apply color scales to show variations in data intensity.
Choose "Color Scales" and pick a scale that suits your analysis.
Icon Sets for Comparison:

Use icon sets to visually represent data points using icons.

Go to "Conditional Formatting" > "Icon Sets" and select the set that fits your analysis.
Text and Date Formatting:

Format cells based on text or date conditions.

For text, use "Text that Contains" or "Text Length" under "Conditional Formatting."
For dates, use "Highlight Cells Rules" > "A Date Occurring" or similar options.

Top/Bottom Rules:
Highlight top or bottom values in a range.
Select the range and go to "Conditional Formatting" > "Top/Bottom Rules."

Formula-Based Formatting:
Use custom formulas to set specific conditions.
Go to "Conditional Formatting" > "New Rule" > "Use a formula to determine which cells to
format."

Data Validation:
Limit data entry to a specified range or format using data validation.
Select the cells, go to "Data" > "Data Validation," and set the criteria.
Coloring Alternating Rows:
Experiment 8. Working with Multiple Sheets: work with multiple sheets within a
workbook is crucial for organizing and managing data, perform complex calculations and
create comprehensive reports.

Use sheet tabs at the bottom of the Excel window to switch between sheets.
Right-click on sheet tabs to insert, delete, or rename sheets.
Linking Data Between Sheets:

Reference data from one sheet in another using formulas. For example, use Sheet2!A1 to
reference cell A1 in Sheet2 from another sheet.

3D Formulas:
Perform calculations across multiple sheets using 3D formulas. For example,
=SUM(Sheet1:Sheet3!A1) sums the values in cell A1 from Sheet1 to Sheet3.

Consolidation:
Use consolidation to combine data from multiple sheets into one. Go to "Data" > "Consolidate"
for various consolidation options.

Grouping Sheets:
Group sheets together to perform actions on multiple sheets simultaneously. Hold down Shift or
Ctrl while selecting sheet tabs, then right-click and choose "Group Sheets."
Data Validation Across Sheets:

Apply data validation rules consistently across multiple sheets to maintain data integrity.

Named Ranges:
Define named ranges to simplify formula writing and make it easier to reference data across
sheets.

PivotTables and Charts:

Analyze data from multiple sheets by creating PivotTables or charts. Select data from different
sheets when creating these elements.

Hyperlinks:
Use hyperlinks to navigate between sheets quickly. Right-click on a cell, choose "Hyperlink,"
and select the sheet you want to link to.

Protecting Sheets:
Protect sheets to prevent accidental changes. Right-click on a sheet tab, choose "Protect Sheet,"
and set a password if needed.

Charts:
Highlight the data you want to include in the chart.
Insert a chart (bar chart, pie chart, etc.) based on the analysis you want to represent.
Report:
Create a new sheet for the report.
Summarize key findings, trends, or insights from the data.
Use simple text or bullet points to present your analysis.
Remember to adjust the formulas and analysis based on your company's payroll structure and
policies. If you have specific requirements or need help with a particular aspect, feel free to ask!
Experiment 9. Create worksheet with following fields: Empno, Ename, Basic Pay(BP),
Travelling Allowance(TA), Dearness Allowance(DA), House Rent Allowance(HRA),
Income Tax(IT), Provident Fund(PF), Net Pay(NP). Use appropriate formulas to calculate
the above scenario. Analyse the data using appropriate chart and report the data.

Column Headers:

A1: Employee Number

B1: Basic Pay
C1: Ename (Employee Name)
D1: Traveling Allowance
E1: Dearness Allowance
F1: House Rent Allowance
G1: Income Tax
H1: Provident Fund
I1: Net Pay

Data Entry:
Enter employee data starting from row 2.

Formulas:

Net Pay=Gross Pay−(Deduction 1+Deduction 2+…+Deduction n)

Here's a simplified breakdown:

Gross Pay:
Sum of Basic Pay, Traveling Allowance, Dearness Allowance, and House Rent Allowance.

Deductions:
Sum of Income Tax and Provident Fund.

So, the Net Pay formula could be something like:

Net Pay=(Basic Pay+Traveling Allowance+Dearness Allowance+House Rent Allowance)−

(Income Tax+Provident Fund)
Experiment 10. Create worksheet on Inventory Management: Sheet should contain
Product code, Product name, Product type, MRP, Cost after % of discount, Date of
purchase. Use appropriate formulas to calculate the above scenario. Analyse the data using
appropriate chart and report the data.

Product Code Product Name Product Type MRP Cost Discount Percentage Date of
Purchase
ABC123 Widget A Electronics 100 2024-01-24
XYZ456 Gizmo B Appliances 150 2024-01-25
LMN789 Gadget C Accessories 80 2024-01-26

Use the following formulas:

Cost After Discount: Assuming the discount percentage is in the 'Discount Percentage' column,
you can use the formula: =MRP - (MRP * Discount Percentage / 100).

Date Difference for Analysis: To analyze the data over time, you might want to calculate the
difference between the purchase date and the current date. If the 'Date of Purchase' is in column
G, you can use: =TODAY() - G2 (drag this formula down for other rows).

For charting, you could create a bar chart to visualize the 'Cost After Discount' for each product.
Select the data range (including product names and corresponding costs) and insert a bar chart.
Experiment 11. Create worksheet on Sales analysis of Merchandise Store: data consisting
of Order ID, Customer ID, Gender, age, date of order, month, online platform, Category of
product, size, quantity, amount, shipping city and other details. Use of formula to segregate
different categories and perform a comparative study using pivot tables and different sort
of charts.

A1: Order ID
B1: Customer ID
C1: Gender
D1: Age
E1: Date of Order
F1: Month
G1: Online Platform
H1: Product Category
I1: Size
J1: Quantity
K1: Amount
L1: Shipping City
Excel Formulas:

In cell F2, you can use the formula =TEXT(E2, "MMMM") to extract the month from the Date
of Order.
You might need additional columns for various calculations, such as Total Amount, Average
Amount, etc.
Pivot Table:

Select the data range.

Insert a Pivot Table (Insert > PivotTable).
Drag and drop relevant fields to Rows and Values.
Charts:

Create a Pivot Chart based on the Pivot Table.

Experiment with different chart types (e.g., bar chart, line chart) depending on the analysis you
want.
Sorting:

Select the range you want to sort.

Go to Data > Sort, and choose the appropriate sorting options.
Example Formulas:
Total Amount: =SUM(K2:K100)
Average Amount: =AVERAGE(K2:K100)
Quantity Sold: =SUM(J2:J100)
Average Age: =AVERAGE(D2:D100) (assuming Age is in column D)
Pivot Table Fields:
Rows: Gender, Month, Online Platform, Product Category, Size, Shipping City, etc.
Values: Sum of Amount, Sum of Quantity, etc.
Experiment 12 Generation of report & presentation using Autofilter &macro.

1. Data Preparation:

Ensure your data is well-organized in Excel with appropriate headers.

Apply AutoFilter to your data to easily filter and analyze specific information.
2. Create a Macro:

Go to the "Developer" tab (if not visible, enable it in Excel options).

Click on "Record Macro" to start recording your actions.
Perform the tasks you want the macro to automate (e.g., filtering data, formatting, etc.).
Stop recording when done.
3. Apply Autofilter in Macro:

While recording the macro, apply AutoFilter by selecting the column header and choosing the
filter criteria.
4. Formatting and Analysis:

Perform any necessary formatting or analysis on the filtered data during the macro recording.
5. Save the Macro:

Save the macro with a relevant name.

6. Create a Report:

Utilize the filtered data to create your report in a separate worksheet.

7. Create a Presentation:

If you want to create a presentation, consider exporting charts or tables from Excel to
PowerPoint.
Use the filtered data to generate visuals that convey your message effectively.
8. Run the Macro:

Whenever you need to update the report or presentation, run the recorded macro to automate the
process.
9. Adjust Macro Code (Optional):

If needed, you can modify the recorded macro code to enhance or customize its functionality.
Remember to regularly save your work and make backups, especially when working with
macros. Also, share the Excel file with the macros cautiously, as some security settings may
affect their execution on different systems.