DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

What is database?
A database is a collection of information that is organized. So that it can easily be
accessed, managed, and updated.

2. What is DBMS?
DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is a collection of programs that
enables user to create and maintain a database.

3. What is a Database system?

The database and DBMS software together is called as Database system.

4. What are the advantages of DBMS?

I. Redundancy is controlled.

II. Providing multiple user interfaces.

III. Providing backup and recovery.

IV. Unauthorized access is restricted.

V. Enforcing integrity constraints.

5. What is normalization?
It is a process of analysing the given relation schemas based on their Functional
Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to achieve the properties

(1).Minimizing redundancy,

(2). Minimizing insertion, deletion and update anomalies.

6. What is Data Model?

A collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships data semantics
and constraints.

7. What is E-R model?

This data model is based on real world that consists of basic objects called entities and
of relationship among these objects. Entities are described in a database by a set of
attributes.

8. What is Object Oriented model?

This model is based on collection of objects. An object contains values stored in
instance variables with in the object. An object also contains bodies of code that
operate on the object. These bodies of code are called methods. Objects that contain
same types of values and the same methods are grouped together into classes.

9. What is an Entity?
An entity is a thing or object of importance about which data must be captured.

10. What is DDL (Data Definition Language)?

A data base schema is specified by a set of definitions expressed by a special language
called DDL.

11. What is DML (Data Manipulation Language)?

This language that enable user to access or manipulate data as organised by
appropriate data model. Procedural DML or Low level: DML requires a user to
specify what data are needed and how to get those data. Non-Procedural DML or High
level: DML requires a user to specify what data are needed without specifying how to
get those data.

12. What is DML Compiler?

It translates DML statements in a query language into low-level instruction that the
query evaluation engine can understand.

13. What is Query evaluation engine?

It executes low-level instruction generated by compiler.

14. What is Functional Dependency?

Functional Dependency is the starting point of normalization. Functional Dependency
exists when a relation between two attributes allows you to uniquely determine the
corresponding attribute’s value.

15. What is 1 NF (Normal Form)?

The first normal form or 1NF is the first and the simplest type of normalization that
can be implemented in a database. The main aims of 1NF are to:

1. Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table.

2. Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with a
unique column (the primary key).

16. What is Fully Functional dependency?

A functional dependency X Y is full functional dependency if removal of any attribute
A from X means that the dependency does not hold any more.

17. What is 2NF?

A relation schema R is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and every non-prime attribute A in R is
fully functionally dependent on primary key.

18. What is 3NF?

A relation is in third normal form if it is in Second Normal Form and there are no
functional (transitive) dependencies between two (or more) non-primary key
attributes.

19. What is BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form)?

A table is in Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF) if and only if it is in 3NF and every
determinant is a candidate key.

20. What is 4NF?

Fourth normal form requires that a table be BCNF and contain no multi-valued
dependencies.

21. What is 5NF?

A table is in fifth normal form (5NF) or Project-Join Normal Form (PJNF) if it is in
4NF and it cannot have a lossless decomposition into any number of smaller tables.

22. What is a query?

A query with respect to DBMS relates to user commands that are used to interact with
a data base.

23. What is meant by query optimization?

The phase that identifies an efficient execution plan for evaluating a query that has the
least estimated cost is referred to as query optimization.

24. What is an attribute?

It is a particular property, which describes the entity.

25. What is RDBMS?

Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) are database management
systems that maintain data records and indices in tables.

26. What’s difference between DBMS and RDBMS?

DBMS provides a systematic and organized way of storing, managing and retrieving
from collection of logically related information. RDBMS also provides what DBMS
provides but above that it provides relationship integrity.

27. What is SQL?

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is an ANSI (American National
Standards Institute) standard computer language for accessing and manipulating
database systems. SQL statements are used to retrieve and update data in a database.

28. What is Stored Procedure?

A stored procedure is a named group of SQL statements that have been previously
created and stored in the server database.

29. What is a view?

A view may be a subset of the database or it may contain virtual data that is derived
from the database files but is not explicitly stored.

30. What is Trigger?

A trigger is a SQL procedure that initiates an action when an event (INSERT,
DELETE or UPDATE) occurs.

31. What is Index?

An index is a physical structure containing pointers to the data.

32. What is extension and intension?

Extension -It is the number of tuples present in a table at any instance. This is time
dependent.

Intension -It is a constant value that gives the name, structure of table and the
constraints laid on it.

33. What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation?

Atomicity-Atomicity states that database modifications must follow an “all or
nothing” rule. Each transaction is said to be “atomic.” If one part of the transaction
fails, the entire transaction fails.

Aggregation – A feature of the entity relationship model that allows a relationship set
to participate in another relationship set. This is indicated on an ER diagram by
drawing a dashed box around the aggregation.

34. What is RDBMS KERNEL?

Two important pieces of RDBMS architecture are the kernel, which is the software,
and the data dictionary, which consists of the system- level data structures used by the
kernel to manage the database.

35. Name the sub-systems of a RDBMS?

I/O, Security, Language Processing, Process Control, Storage Management, Logging
and Recovery, Distribution Control, Transaction Control, Memory Management, Lock
Management.

36. How do you communicate with an RDBMS?

You communicate with an RDBMS using Structured Query Language (SQL)

37. Disadvantage in File Processing System?

 Data redundancy & inconsistency.
 Difficult in accessing data.
 Data isolation.
 Data integrity.
 Concurrent access is not possible.
 Security Problems.
38. What is VDL (View Definition Language)?
It specifies user views and their mappings to the conceptual schema.

39. What is SDL (Storage Definition Language)?

This language is to specify the internal schema. This language may Specify the
mapping between two schemas.

40. Describe concurrency control?

Concurrency control is the process managing simultaneous operations against a
database so that database integrity is no compromised. There are two approaches to
concurrency control.

The pessimistic approach involves locking and the optimistic approach involves
versioning.

41. Describe the difference between homogeneous and

heterogeneous distributed database?
A homogenous database is one that uses the same DBMS at each node. A
heterogeneous database is one that may have a different DBMS at each node.

42. What is a distributed database?

A distributed database is a single logical database that is spread across more than one
node or locations that are all connected via some communication link.

43. Explain the difference between two and three-tier

architectures?
Three-tier architecture includes a client and two server layers.

The application code is stored on the application server and the database is stored on
the database server. A two-tier architecture includes a client and one server layer. The
database is stored on the database server.

44. Briefly describe the three types of SQL commands?

Data definition language commands are used to create, alter, and drop tables. Data
manipulation commands are used to insert, modify, update, and query data in the
database. Data control language commands help the DBA to control the database.

45. List some of the properties of a relation?

Relations in a database have a unique name and no multivalued attributes exist. Each
row is unique and each attribute within a relation has a unique name. The sequence of
both columns and rows is irrelevant.

46. Explain the differences between an intranet and an

extranet?
An Internet database is accessible by everyone who has access to a Web site. An
intranet database limits access to only people within a given organization.

47. What is SQL Deadlock?

Deadlock is a unique situation in a multi user system that causes two or more users to
wait indefinitely for a locked resource.

48. What is a Catalog?

A catalog is a table that contains the information such as structure of each file, the
type and storage format of each data item and various constraints on the data .The
information stored in the catalog is called Metadata.

49. What is data ware housing & OLAP?

Data warehousing and OLAP (online analytical processing) systems are the
techniques used in many companies to extract and analyze useful information from
very large databases for decision making .

50. Describe the three levels of data abstraction?

Physical level: The lowest level of abstraction describes how data are stored.

Logical level: The next higher level of abstraction, describes what data are stored in
database and what relationship among those data.

View level: The highest level of abstraction describes only part of entire database.

51. What is Data Independence?

Data independence means that the application is independent of the storage structure
and access strategy of data.

52. How many types of relationship exist in database

designing?
There are three major relationship models:-

 One-to-one
 One-to-many
 Many-to-many
53. What is order by clause?
ORDER BY clause helps to sort the data in either ascending order to descending.

54. What is the use of DBCC commands?

DBCC stands for database consistency checker. We use these commands to check the
consistency of the databases, i.e., maintenance, validation task and status checks.

55. What is Collation?

Collation refers to a set of rules that determine how data is sorted and compared.

56. What is difference between DELETE & TRUNCATE

commands?
Delete command removes the rows from a table based on the condition that we
provide with a WHERE clause. Truncate will actually remove all the rows from a
table and there will be no data in the table after we run the truncate command.

57. What is Hashing technique?

This is a primary file organization technique that provides very fast access to records
on certain search conditions.

58. What is a transaction?

A transaction is a logical unit of database processing that includes one or more
database access operations.

59. What are the different phases of Transaction?

 Analysis phase
 Redo phase
 Undo phase
60. What is “transparent dbms”?
It is one, which keeps its physical structure hidden from user.

61. What are the primitive operations common to all record

management System?
Addition, deletion and modification.

62. Explain the differences between structured data and

unstructured data.
Structured data are facts concerning objects and events. The most important structured
data are numeric, character, and dates. Structured data are stored in tabular form.

Unstructured data are multimedia data such as documents, photographs, maps, images,
sound, and video clips. Unstructured data are most commonly found on Web servers
and Web-enabled databases.

63. What are the major functions of the database

administrator?
Managing database structure, controlling concurrent processing, managing processing
rights and responsibilities, developing database security, providing for database
recovery, managing the DBMS and maintaining the data repository.

64. What is a dependency graph?

A dependency graph is a diagram that is used to portray the connections between
database elements.

65. Explain the difference between an exclusive lock and a

shared lock?
An exclusive lock prohibits other users from reading the locked resource; a shared
lock allows other users to read the locked resource, but they cannot update it.

66. Explain the "paradigm mismatch" between SQL and

application programming languages.
SQL statements return a set of rows, while an application program works on one row
at a time. To resolve this mismatch the results of SQL statements are processed as
pseudofiles, using a cursor or pointer to specify which row is being processed.

67. Name four applications for triggers.

(1)Providing default values,

(2) enforcing data constraints

(3) Updating views

(4) enforcing referential integrity

68. What are the advantages of using stored procedures?

The advantages of stored procedures are

(1) greater security,

(2) decreased network traffic,

(3) the fact that SQL can be optimized and

(4) code sharing which leads to less work, standardized processing, and specialization
among developers.

69. Explain the difference between attributes and identifiers.

Entities have attributes. Attributes are properties that describe the entity’s
characteristics. Entity instances have identifiers. Identifiers are attributes that name, or
identify, entity instances.

70. What is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and what kind

of a database is used in an ERP application?
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an information system used in manufacturing
companies and includes sales, inventory, production planning, purchasing and other
business functions. An ERP system typically uses a multiuser database.

71. Describe the difference between embedded and dynamic

SQL?
Embedded SQL is the process of including hard coded SQL statements. These
statements do not change unless the source code is modified. Dynamic SQL is the
process of generating SQL on the fly.The statements generated do not have to be the
same each time.
72. Explain a join between tables
A join allows tables to be linked to other tables when a relationship between the tables
exists. The relationships are established by using a common column in the tables and
often uses the primary/foreign key relationship.

73. Describe a subquery.

A subquery is a query that is composed of two queries. The first query (inner query) is
within the WHERE clause of the other query (outer query).

74. Compare a hierarchical and network database model?

The hierarchical model is a top-down structure where each parent may have many
children but each child can have only one parent. This model supports one-to-one and
one-to-many relationships.

The network model can be much more flexible than the hierarchical model since each
parent can have multiple children but each child can also have multiple parents. This
model supports one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships.

75. Explain the difference between a dynamic and materialized

view.
A dynamic view may be created every time that a specific view is requested by a user.
A materialized view is created and or updated infrequently and it must be
synchronized with its associated base table(s).

76. Explain what needs to happen to convert a relation to third

normal form.
First you must verify that a relation is in both first normal form and second normal
form. If the relation is not, you must convert into second normal form. After a relation
is in second normal form, you must remove all transitive dependencies.

77. Describe the four types of indexes?

A unique primary index is unique and is used to find and store a row. A nonunique
primary index is not unique and is used to find a row but also where to store a row
(based on its unique primary index). A unique secondary index is unique for each row
and used to find table rows. A nonunique secondary index is not unique and used to
find table rows.

78. Explain minimum and maximum cardinality?

Minimum cardinality is the minimum number of instances of an entity that can be
associated with each instance of another entity. Maximum cardinality is the maximum
number of instances of an entity that can be associated with each instance of another
entity.

79. What is deadlock? How can it be avoided? How can it be

resolved once it occurs?
Deadlock occurs when two transactions are each waiting on a resource that the other
transaction holds. Deadlock can be prevented by requiring transactions to acquire all
locks at the same time; once it occurs, the only way to cure it is to abort one of the
transactions and back out of partially completed work.

80. Explain what we mean by an ACID transaction.

An ACID transaction is one that is atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable. Durable
means that database changes are permanent. Consistency can mean either statement
level or transaction level consistency. With transaction level consistency, a transaction
may not see its own changes.Atomic means it is performed as a unit.

81. Under what conditions should indexes be used?

Indexes can be created to enforce uniqueness, to facilitate sorting, and to enable fast
retrieval by column values. A good candidate for an index is a column that is
frequently used with equal conditions in WHERE clauses.

82. What is difference between SQL and SQL SERVER?

SQL is a language that provides an interface to RDBMS, developed by IBM. SQL
SERVER is a RDBMS just like Oracle, DB2.

83. What is Specialization?

It is the process of defining a set of subclasses of an entity type where each subclass
contain all the attributes and relationships of the parent entity and may have additional
attributes and relationships which are specific to itself.

84. What is generalization?

It is the process of finding common attributes and relations of a number of entities and
defining a common super class for them.

85. What is meant by Proactive, Retroactive and Simultaneous

Update?
Proactive Update: The updates that are applied to database before it becomes effective
in real world.

Retroactive Update: The updates that are applied to database after it becomes effective
in real world.
Simultaneous Update: The updates that are applied to database at the same time when
it becomes effective in real world.

86. What is RAID Technology?

Redundant array of inexpensive (or independent) disks. The main goal of raid
technology is to even out the widely different rates of performance improvement of
disks against those in memory and microprocessor. Raid technology employs the
technique of data striping to achieve higher transfer rates.

87. What are serial, non serial schedule?

A schedule S is serial if, for every transaction T participating in the schedule, all the
operations of T is executed consecutively in the schedule, otherwise, the schedule is
called non-serial schedule.

88. What are conflict serializable schedules?

A schedule S of n transactions is serializable if it is equivalent to some serial schedule
of the same n transactions.

89. What is view serializable?

A schedule is said to be view serializable if it is view equivalent with some serial
schedule.

90. What is a foreign key?

A key of a relation schema is called as a foreign key if it is the primary key of some
other relation to which it is related to.

91. What are the disadvantages of using a dbms?

1) High initial investments in h/w, s/w, and training.

2) Generality that a DBMS provides for defining and processing data.

3) Overhead for providing security, concurrency control, recovery, and integrity

functions.

92. What is Lossless join property?

It guarantees that the spurious tuple generation does not occur with respect to relation
schemas after decomposition.

93. What is a Phantom Deadlock?

In distributed deadlock detection, the delay in propagating local information might
cause the deadlock detection algorithms to identify deadlocks that do not really exist.
Such situations are called phantom deadlocks and they lead to unnecessary aborts.

94. What is a checkpoint and When does it occur?

A Checkpoint is like a snapshot of the DBMS state. By taking checkpoints, the DBMS
can reduce the amount of work to be done during restart in the event of subsequent
crashes.

95. What is schema?

The description of a data base is called the database schema , which is specified
during database design and is not expected to change frequently . A displayed schema
is called schema diagram .We call each object in the schema as schema construct.

Data Structure Interview

Questions (With Answers)

What is data structure?

Data structure refers to the way data is organized and manipulated. It seeks to find
ways to make data access more efficient. When dealing with the data structure, we not
only focus on one piece of data but the different set of data and how they can relate to
one another in an organized manner.

2) Differentiate between file and structure storage structure.

The key difference between both the data structure is the memory area that is being
accessed. When dealing with the structure that resides the main memory of the
computer system, this is referred to as storage structure. When dealing with an
auxiliary structure, we refer to it as file structures.

3) When is a binary search best applied?

A binary search is an algorithm that is best applied to search a list when the elements
are already in order or sorted. The list is searched starting in the middle, such that if
that middle value is not the target search key, it will check to see if it will continue the
search on the lower half of the list or the higher half. The split and search will then
continue in the same manner.

4) What is a linked list?

A linked list is a sequence of nodes in which each node is connected to the node
following it. This forms a chain-like link for data storage.

5) How do you reference all the elements in a one-dimension

array?
To reference all the elements in a one -dimension array, you need to use an indexed
loop, So that, the counter runs from 0 to the array size minus one. In this manner, You
can reference all the elements in sequence by using the loop counter as the array
subscript.

6) In what areas do data structures are applied?

Data structures are essential in almost every aspect where data is involved. In general,
algorithms that involve efficient data structure is applied in the following areas:
numerical analysis, operating system, A.I., compiler design, database management,
graphics, and statistical analysis, to name a few.

7) What is LIFO?
LIFO is a short form of Last In First Out. It refers how data is accessed, stored and
retrieved. Using this scheme, data that was stored last should be the one to be
extracted first. This also means that in order to gain access to the first data, all the
other data that was stored before this first data must first be retrieved and extracted.

8 ) What is a queue?
A queue is a data structure that can simulate a list or stream of data. In this structure,
new elements are inserted at one end, and existing elements are removed from the
other end.

9) What are binary trees?

A binary tree is one type of data structure that has two nodes, a left node, and a right
node. In programming, binary trees are an extension of the linked list structures.

10) Which data structures are applied when dealing with a

recursive function?
Recursion, is a function that calls itself based on a terminating condition, makes use of
the stack. Using LIFO, a call to a recursive function saves the return address so that it
knows how to return to the calling function after the call terminates.

11) What is a stack?

A stack is a data structure in which only the top element can be accessed. As data is
stored in the stack, each data is pushed downward, leaving the most recently added
data on top.

12) Explain Binary Search Tree

A binary search tree stores data in such a way that they can be retrieved very
efficiently. The left subtree contains nodes whose keys are less than the node’s key
value, while the right subtree contains nodes whose keys are greater than or equal to
the node’s key value. Moreover, both subtrees are also binary search trees.

13) What are multidimensional arrays?

Multidimensional arrays make use of multiple indexes to store data. It is useful when
storing data that cannot be represented using single dimensional indexing, such as data
representation in a board game, tables with data stored in more than one column.

14) Are linked lists considered linear or non-linear data

structures?
It depends on where you intend to apply linked lists. If you based it on storage, a
linked list is considered non-linear. On the other hand, if you based it on access
strategies, then a linked list is considered linear.

15) How does dynamic memory allocation help in managing

data?
Apart from being able to store simple structured data types, dynamic memory
allocation can combine separately allocated structured blocks to form composite
structures that expand and contract as needed.

16) What is FIFO?

FIFO stands for First-in, First-out, and is used to represent how data is accessed in a
queue. Data has been inserted into the queue list the longest is the one that is removed
first.

17) What is an ordered list?

An ordered list is a list in which each node’s position in the list is determined by the
value of its key component, so that the key values form an increasing sequence, as the
list is traversed.

18) What is merge sort?

Merge sort, is a divide-and-conquer approach for sorting the data. In a sequence of
data, adjacent ones are merged and sorted to create bigger sorted lists. These sorted
lists are then merged again to form an even bigger sorted list, which continues until
you have one single sorted list.

19) Differentiate NULL and VOID

Null is a value, whereas Void is a data type identifier. A variable that is given a Null
value indicates an empty value. The void is used to identify pointers as having no
initial size.

20) What is the primary advantage of a linked list?

A linked list is an ideal data structure because it can be modified easily. This means
that editing a linked list works regardless of how many elements are in the list.
21) What is the difference between a PUSH and a POP?
Pushing and popping applies to the way data is stored and retrieved in a stack. A push
denotes data being added to it, meaning data is being “pushed” into the stack. On the
other hand, a pop denotes data retrieval, and in particular, refers to the topmost data
being accessed.

22) What is a linear search?

A linear search refers to the way a target key is being searched in a sequential data
structure. In this method, each element in the list is checked and compared against the
target key. The process is repeated until found or if the end of the file has been
reached.

23) How does variable declaration affect memory allocation?

The amount of memory to be allocated or reserved would depend on the data type of
the variable being declared. For example, if a variable is declared to be of integer type,
then 32 bits of memory storage will be reserved for that variable.

24) What is the advantage of the heap over a stack?

The heap is more flexible than the stack. That’s because memory space for the heap
can be dynamically allocated and de-allocated as needed. However, the memory of the
heap can at times be slower when compared to that stack.

25) What is a postfix expression?

A postfix expression is an expression in which each operator follows its operands. The
advantage of this form is that there is no need to group sub-expressions in parentheses
or to consider operator precedence.

26) What is Data abstraction?

Data abstraction is a powerful tool for breaking down complex data problems into
manageable chunks. This is applied by initially specifying the data objects involved
and the operations to be performed on these data objects without being overly
concerned with how the data objects will be represented and stored in memory.

27) How do you insert a new item in a binary search tree?

Assuming that the data to be inserted is a unique value (that is, not an existing entry in
the tree), check first if the tree is empty. If it’s empty, just insert the new item in the
root node. If it’s not empty, refer to the new item’s key. If it’s smaller than the root’s
key, insert it into the root’s left subtree, otherwise, insert it into the root’s right
subtree.

28) How does a selection sort work for an array?

The selection sort is a fairly intuitive sorting algorithm, though not necessarily
efficient. In this process, the smallest element is first located and switched with the
element at subscript zero, thereby placing the smallest element in the first position.
The smallest element remaining in the subarray is then located next to subscripts 1
through n-1 and switched with the element at subscript 1, thereby placing the second
smallest element in the second position. The steps are repeated in the same manner till
the last element.

29) How do signed and unsigned numbers affect memory?

In the case of signed numbers, the first bit is used to indicate whether positive or
negative, which leaves you with one bit short. With unsigned numbers, you have all
bits available for that number. The effect is best seen in the number range (an
unsigned 8-bit number has a range 0-255, while the 8-bit signed number has a range -
128 to +127.

30) What is the minimum number of nodes that a binary tree

can have?
A binary tree can have a minimum of zero nodes, which occurs when the nodes have
NULL values. Furthermore, a binary tree can also have 1 or 2 nodes.

31) What are dynamic data structures?

Dynamic data structures are structures that expand and contract as a program runs. It
provides a flexible means of manipulating data because it can adjust according to the
size of the data.

32) In what data structures are pointers applied?

Pointers that are used in linked list have various applications in the data structure.
Data structures that make use of this concept include the Stack, Queue, Linked List
and Binary Tree.

33) Do all declaration statements result in a fixed reservation in

memory?
Most declarations do, with the exemption of pointers. Pointer declaration does not
allocate memory for data, but for the address of the pointer variable. Actual memory
allocation for the data comes during run-time.

34) What are ARRAYs?

When dealing with arrays, data is stored and retrieved using an index that refers to the
element number in the data sequence. This means that data can be accessed in any
order. In programming, an array is declared as a variable having a number of indexed
elements.

35) What is the minimum number of queues needed when

implementing a priority queue?
The minimum number of queues needed in this case is two. One queue is intended for
sorting priorities while the other queue is used for actual storage of data.
36) Which sorting algorithm is considered the fastest?
There are many types of sorting algorithms: quick sort, bubble sort, balloon sort, radix
sort, merge sort, etc. Not one can be considered the fastest because each algorithm is
designed for a particular data structure and data set. It would depend on the data set
that you would want to sort.

37) Differentiate STACK from ARRAY.

Stack follows a LIFO pattern. It means that data access follows a sequence wherein
the last data to be stored when the first one to be extracted. Arrays, on the other hand,
does not follow a particular order and instead can be accessed by referring to the
indexed element within the array.

38) Give a basic algorithm for searching a binary search tree.

1. if the tree is empty, then the target is not in the tree, end search.

2. if the tree is not empty, the target is in the tree.

3. check if the target is in the root item.

4. if a target is not in the root item, check if a target is smaller than the root’s value.

5. if a target is smaller than the root’s value, search the left subtree 6. else, search the
right subtree

39) What is a dequeue?

A dequeue is a double-ended queue. This is a structure wherein elements can be
inserted or removed from either end.

40) What is a bubble sort and how do you perform it?

A bubble sort is one sorting technique that can be applied to data structures such as an
array. It works by comparing adjacent elements and exchanges their values if they are
out of order. This method lets the smaller values “bubble” to the top of the list, while
the larger value sinks to the bottom.

41) What are the parts of a linked list?

A linked list typically has two parts: the head and the tail. Between the head and tail
lie the actual nodes. All these nodes are linked sequentially.

42) How does selection sort work?

Selection sort works by picking the smallest number from the list and placing it at the
front. This process is repeated for the second position towards the end of the list. It is
the simplest sort algorithm.

43) What is a graph?

A graph is one type of data structure that contains a set of ordered pairs. These
ordered pairs are also referred to as edges or arcs and are used to connect nodes where
data can be stored and retrieved.

44) Differentiate linear from a nonlinear data structure.

The linear data structure is a structure wherein data elements are adjacent to each
other. Examples of linear data structure include arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues.
On the other hand, a non-linear data structure is a structure wherein each data element
can connect to more than two adjacent data elements. Examples of nonlinear data
structure include trees and graphs.

45) What is an AVL tree?

An AVL tree is a type of binary search tree that is always in a state of partially
balanced. The balance is measured as a difference between the heights of the subtrees
from the root. This self-balancing tree was known to be the first data structure to be
designed as such.

46) What are doubly linked lists?

Doubly linked lists are a special type of linked list wherein traversal across the data
elements can be done in both directions. This is made possible by having two links in
every node, one that links to the next node and another one that connects to the
previous node.

47) What is Huffman’s algorithm?

Huffman’s algorithm is used for creating extended binary trees that have minimum
weighted path lengths from the given weights. It makes use of a table that contains the
frequency of occurrence for each data element.

48) What is Fibonacci search?

Fibonacci search is a search algorithm that applies to a sorted array. It makes use of a
divide-and-conquer approach that can significantly reduce the time needed in order to
reach the target element.

49) Briefly explain recursive algorithm.

Recursive algorithm targets a problem by dividing it into smaller, manageable sub-
problems. The output of one recursion after processing one sub-problem becomes the
input to the next recursive process.

50) How do you search for a target key in a linked list?

To find the target key in a linked list, you have to apply sequential search. Each node
is traversed and compared with the target key, and if it is different, then it follows the
link to the next node. This traversal continues until either the target key is found or if
the last node is reached.
Java Interview Questions (With
Answers)
 Post published:March 8, 2020
 Post Comments:0 Comments
1.What is JVM?
The Java interpreter along with the runtime environment required to run the Java
application in called as Java virtual machine(JVM)

2. What is the most important feature of Java?

Java is a platform independent language.

3. What do you mean by platform independence?

Platform independence means that we can write and compile the java code in one
platform (eg Windows) and can execute the class in any other supported platform eg
(Linux,Solaris,etc).

4. What is the difference between a JDK and a JVM?

JDK is Java Development Kit which is for development purpose and it includes
execution environment also. But JVM is purely a run time environment and hence you
will not be able to compile your source files using a JVM.

5. What is the base class of all classes?

java.lang.Object

6. What are the access modifiers in Java?

There are 3 access modifiers. Public, protected and private, and the default one if no
identifier is specified is called friendly, but programmer cannot specify the friendly
identifier explicitly.

7. What is are packages?

A package is a collection of related classes and interfaces providing access protection
and namespace management.

8. What is meant by Inheritance and what are its advantages?

Inheritance is the process of inheriting all the features from a class. The advantages of
inheritance are reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the
super class by subclasses.
9. What is the difference between superclass and subclass?
A super class is a class that is inherited whereas sub class is a class that does the
inheriting.

10. What is an abstract class?

An abstract class is a class designed with implementation gaps for subclasses to fill in
and is deliberately incomplete.

11. What are the states associated in the thread?

Thread contains ready, running, waiting and dead states.

12. What is synchronization?

Synchronization is the mechanism that ensures that only one thread is accessed the
resources at a time.

13. What is deadlock?

When two threads are waiting each other and can’t precede the program is said to be
deadlock.

14. What is an applet?

Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that runs inside a web page displayed by
a java capable browser

15. What is the lifecycle of an applet?

init() method – Can be called when an applet is first loaded start() method – Can be
called each time an applet is started. paint() method – Can be called when the applet is
minimized or maximized. stop() method – Can be used when the browser moves off
the applet’s page. destroy() method – Can be called when the browser is finished with
the applet.

16. How do you set security in applets?

using setSecurityManager() method

17. What is a layout manager and what are different types of

layout managers available in java AWT?
A layout manager is an object that is used to organize components in a container. The
different layouts are available are FlowLayout, BorderLayout, CardLayout,
GridLayout and GridBagLayout.

18. What is JDBC?

JDBC is a set of Java API for executing SQL statements. This API consists of a set of
classes and interfaces to enable programs to write pure Java Database applications.

19. What are drivers available?

-a) JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver b) Native API Partly-Java driver c) JDBC-Net Pure
Java driver d) Native-Protocol Pure Java driver

20. What is stored procedure?

Stored procedure is a group of SQL statements that forms a logical unit and performs
a particular task. Stored Procedures are used to encapsulate a set of operations or
queries to execute on database. Stored procedures can be compiled and executed with
different parameters and results and may have any combination of input/output
parameters.

21. What is the Java API?

The Java API is a large collection of ready-made software components that provide
many useful capabilities, such as graphical user interface (GUI) widgets.

22. Why there are no global variables in Java?

Global variables are globally accessible. Java does not support globally accessible
variables due to following reasons: 1)The global variables breaks the referential
transparency 2)Global variables creates collisions in namespace.

23. What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism?

Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and
keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. Inheritance is the process by
which one object acquires the properties of another object. Polymorphism is the
feature that allows one interface to be used for general class actions.

24. What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?

Bin contains all tools such as javac, appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains
API and all packages.

25. What is method overloading and method overriding?

Method overloading: When a method in a class having the same method name with
different arguments is said to be method overloading. Method overriding : When a
method in a class having the same method name with same arguments is said to be
method overriding.

26. What is the difference between this() and super()?

this() can be used to invoke a constructor of the same class whereas super() can be
used to invoke a super class constructor.

27. What is Domain Naming Service(DNS)?

It is very difficult to remember a set of numbers(IP address) to connect to the Internet.
The Domain Naming Service(DNS) is used to overcome this problem. It maps one
particular IP address to a string of characters. For example, www.mascom. com
implies com is the domain name reserved for US commercial sites, moscom is the
name of the company and www is the name of the specific computer, which is
mascom’s server.

28. What is URL?

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and it points to resource files on the
Internet. URL has four components: http://www. address. com:80/index.html, where
http – protocol name, address – IP address or host name, 80 – port number and
index.html – file path.

29. What is RMI and steps involved in developing an RMI

object?
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) allows java object that executes on one machine
and to invoke the method of a Java object to execute on another machine. The steps
involved in developing an RMI object are: a) Define the interfaces b) Implementing
these interfaces c) Compile the interfaces and their implementations with the java
compiler d) Compile the server implementation with RMI compiler e) Run the RMI
registry f) Run the application.

30. What is RMI architecture?

RMI architecture consists of four layers and each layer performs specific functions: a)
Application layer – contains the actual object definition. b) Proxy layer – consists of
stub and skeleton. c) Remote Reference layer – gets the stream of bytes from the
transport layer and sends it to the proxy layer. d) Transportation layer – responsible
for handling the actual machine-to-machine communication.

31. What is a Java Bean?

A Java Bean is a software component that has been designed to be reusable in a
variety of different environments.

32. What are checked exceptions?

Checked exception are those which the Java compiler forces you to catch. e.g.
IOException are checked Exceptions.

33. What are runtime exceptions?

Runtime exceptions are those exceptions that are thrown at runtime because of either
wrong input data or because of wrong business logic etc. These are not checked by the
compiler at compile time.

34. What is the difference between error and an exception?

An error is an irrecoverable condition occurring at runtime. Such as OutOfMemory
error. These JVM errors and you can not repair them at runtime. While exceptions are
conditions that occur because of bad input etc. e.g. FileNotFoundException will be
thrown if the specified file does not exist. Or a NullPointerException will take place if
you try using a null reference. In most of the cases it is possible to recover from an
exception (probably by giving user a feedback for entering proper values etc.).
35. What is the purpose of finalization?
The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the opportunity to perform
any cleanup processing before the object is garbage collected. For example, closing a
opened file, closing a opened database Connection.

36. What is the difference between yielding and sleeping?ding

Text Here
When a task invokes its yield() method, it returns to the ready state. When a task
invokes its sleep() method, it returns to the waiting state.

37. What is the difference between preemptive scheduling and

time slicing?
Under preemptive scheduling, the highest priority task executes until it enters the
waiting or dead states or a higher priority task comes into existence. Under time
slicing, a task executes for a predefined slice of time and then reenters the pool of
ready tasks. The scheduler then determines which task should execute next, based on
priority and other factors.

38. What is mutable object and immutable object?

If a object value is changeable then we can call it as Mutable object. (Ex.,
StringBuffer, …) If you are not allowed to change the value of an object, it is
immutable object. (Ex., String, Integer, Float, …)

39. What is the purpose of Void class?

The Void class is an uninstantiable placeholder class to hold a reference to the Class
object representing the primitive Java type void.

40. What is JIT and its use?

Really, just a very fast compiler… In this incarnation, pretty much a one-pass
compiler — no offline computations. So you can’t look at the whole method, rank the
expressions according to which ones are re-used the most, and then generate code. In
theory terms, it’s an on-line problem.

41. What is nested class?

If all the methods of a inner class is static then it is a nested class.

42. What is HashMap and Map?

Map is Interface and Hashmap is class that implements that.

43. What are different types of access modifiers?

public: Any thing declared as public can be accessed from anywhere. private: Any
thing declared as private can’t be seen outside of its class. protected: Any thing
declared as protected can be accessed by classes in the same package and subclasses
in the other packages. default modifier : Can be accessed only to classes in the same
package.

44. What is the difference between Reader/Writer and

InputStream/Output Stream?
The Reader/Writer class is character-oriented and the InputStream/OutputStream class
is byte-oriented.

45. What is servlet?

Servlets are modules that extend request/response-oriented servers, such as java-
enabled web servers. For example, a servlet might be responsible for taking data in an
HTML order-entry form and applying the business logic used to update a company’s
order database.

46. What is Constructor?

A constructor is a special method whose task is to initialize the object of its class. It is
special because its name is the same as the class name. They do not have return types,
not even void and therefore they cannot return values. They cannot be inherited,
though a derived class can call the base class constructor. Constructor is invoked
whenever an object of its associated class is created.

47. What is an Iterator ?

The Iterator interface is used to step through the elements of a Collection. Iterators let
you process each element of a Collection. Iterators are a generic way to go through all
the elements of a Collection no matter how it is organized. Iterator is an Interface
implemented a different way for every Collection.

48. What is the List interface?

The List interface provides support for ordered collections of objects. Lists may
contain duplicate elements.

49. What is memory leak?

A memory leak is where an unreferenced object that will never be used again still
hangs around in memory and doesnt get garbage collected.

50. What is the difference between the prefix and postfix forms
of the ++ operator?
The prefix form performs the increment operation and returns the value of the
increment operation. The postfix form returns the current value all of the expression
and then performs the increment operation on that value.

51. What is the difference between a constructor and a

method?
A constructor is a member function of a class that is used to create objects of that
class. It has the same name as the class itself, has no return type, and is invoked using
the new operator. A method is an ordinary member function of a class. It has its own
name, a return type (which may be void), and is invoked using the dot operator.

52. What will happen to the Exception object after exception

handling?
Exception object will be garbage collected.

53. Difference between static and dynamic class loading.

Static class loading: The process of loading a class using new operator is called static
class loading. Dynamic class loading: The process of loading a class at runtime is
called dynamic class loading. Dynamic class loading can be done by using
Class.forName(….).newInstance().

54. Explain the Common use of EJB

The EJBs can be used to incorporate business logic in a web-centric application. The
EJBs can be used to integrate business processes in Business-to-business (B2B) e-
commerce applications.In Enterprise Application Integration applications, EJBs can
be used to house processing and mapping between different applications.

55. What is JSP?

JSP is a technology that returns dynamic content to the Web client using HTML,
XML and JAVA elements. JSP page looks like a HTML page but is a servlet. It
contains Presentation logic and business logic of a web application.

56. What is the purpose of apache tomcat?

Apache server is a standalone server that is used to test servlets and create JSP pages.
It is free and open source that is integrated in the Apache web server. It is fast, reliable
server to configure the applications but it is hard to install. It is a servlet container that
includes tools to configure and manage the server to run the applications. It can also
be configured by editing XML configuration files.

57. Where pragma is used?

Pragma is used inside the servlets in the header with a certain value. The value is of
no-cache that tells that a servlets is acting as a proxy and it has to forward request.
Pragma directives allow the compiler to use machine and operating system features
while keeping the overall functionality with the Java language. These are different for
different compilers.

58. Briefly explain daemon thread.

Daemon thread is a low priority thread which runs in the background performs
garbage collection operation for the java runtime system.

59. What is a native method?

A native method is a method that is implemented in a language other than Java.

60. Explain different way of using thread?

A Java thread could be implemented by using Runnable interface or by extending the
Thread class. The Runnable is more advantageous, when you are going for multiple
inheritance.

61. What are the two major components of JDBC?

One implementation interface for database manufacturers, the other implementation
interface for application and applet writers.

62. What kind of thread is the Garbage collector thread?

It is a daemon thread.

63. What are the different ways to handle exceptions?

There are two ways to handle exceptions,

1. By wrapping the desired code in a try block followed by a catch block to catch the
exceptions.

2. List the desired exceptions in the throws clause of the method and let the caller of
the method handle those exceptions.

64. How many objects are created in the following piece of

code?
MyClass c1, c2, c3;

c1 = new MyClass ();

c3 = new MyClass ();

Answer: Only 2 objects are created, c1 and c3. The reference c2 is only declared and
not initialized.

65.What is UNICODE?
Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and strings and it uses 16 bits
to represent each other.

50 Most Common Personal Interview

Questions & Answers
  Post published:March 6, 2020
 Post Comments:0 Comments
1) Tell me a little about yourself.
This is a popular interview question Following are 4 sample answers:

Sample Answer #1
I am Andrew Bell, a computer graduate from MIT. I like to apply my analytical skills
to
develop world class products in the XYZ domain. When I am not working, I volunteer
to
NGOs as it gives me an opportunity to serve needy people. I also travel a lot and an
active
member of XXX travel group or club through which I could explore my hobby more.
Sample Answer #2
As a technical project manager, I have more than six years of experience at top Wall
Street
Companies. In recent company, I led the development of an award winning new
trading
platform. I am a person that survives in a fast-paced environment. At the moment, I
am
looking for a chance to apply my technical expertise and my creative problem solving
skills
at an innovative software company like this one.
Sample Answer #3
Since last 4-5 years, I am deeply involved with my administrative work. I have always
been
interested and enjoyed working in the computer industry, but I consider myself lucky
that I
got an opportunity to work at different levels like business analyst, programmer and
assistant manager. My main strength is the ability to maintain a great rapport with the
customer and my attention to their details.
Sample Answer #4
I am one of the top graduates of my batch in College. I am known in school as an
organizer,
having held several committees and organizations since my first year. I am a dedicated
person who never stops working on something until it is perfect. It would be a
pleasure for
me to discuss how I can be such an asset to your company.
Tips:
Try to cover your accomplishment in your answer
Talk about the work or project that resembles the requirement of the position
Mention what led you to this point in your career and why job is the perfect match for
you
Don’t narrate anything that is personal
End your answer by telling them you want the position and why
Use selective terminology in your answer like problem solving, innovative, fast-
paced,
creative and so on.
What not to say
Don’t speak the same thing that is already mentioned in your resume
Don’t counter question your interviewer by saying – “What do you want to know?”
(SoundsRude)
2) Why do you want to work in this company?
This is a popular interview question Following are 4 sample answers

Sample Answer# 1:
I would be proud to work for a company like yours with such a long history of
leadership in
the industry. I have carried out web research and believe that the company’s XYZ
products
and its future
projections are very impressive and promising. The XXX team is the team I would
take pride
to work with. A place where my skills or background fits perfectly and can be utilized
respectively.
Sample Answer# 2:
Your company made its fortune for making great products that help people do X. But
on top
of that it is the kind of place where I can fit in and excel, so I was thrilled to see you
have this
opening. Your company believes in providing superior service, to which I share the
same
value and enables me to not only fit into your organization but complement the team
as
well.
Sample Answer# 3:
I was delighted to see on your website that your feature employees are talking about
how
great it is to work for your company. These days so many people seem to despise
where
they work for one reason or another. It’s wonderful to see that your employees are
proud to
talk about how much they love their jobs.
Sample Answer# 4:
This company is on the list of most admired companies every year. I want to play a
role in
ensuring this company stays on that list. I want to be part of a company that offers no
less
than quality in terms of products and after sales services.
Tips:
Conduct a thorough research of the company and the company’s top executive before
facing interview
Learn about the company’s vision and how you can contribute to it
Demonstrate your eagerness to work for the company
Evidence that you understand the employer’s business
Mention why you rely on XYZ company for your growth and why it is the best place
to utilize
your skills and experience for the benefit of the company
Demonstrate your belief in company’s product or service.
3) Do you consider yourself successful?
This is a popular interview question. Following are 5 sample answers

Sample answer #1
I feel successful with continuous progress. I find exciting when I am allowed to
implement
new ideas and see its fruition. I would define my success as what I have learned
through the
years and use them when circumstances arises or demands.

Sample answer #2
I feel successful when I meet my short term as well as the long-term goals. I try to
achieve
the set goals and work hard as much as I can, I try to reach those goals and achieve the
desired outcome. I want to recognize myself as someone with a progressive attitude
who
does his best and gives 100% to attain goals. To me success is not just my personal
achievements but also by the efforts of the people around me.

Sample answer #3
Success to me is knowing that I am excelling in my performance and filling fulfilled.
My work
should add value to the company and its customers. Knowing that each day I am
making the
world a better place is a success to me. I would define success at work as what I have
learned from key job assignments experiences.

Sample answer #4
Success to me is spending the majority of the time focused on work that are fulfilling
and
increasing my efficiency to help the organization grow. While I also believe that
greater
success can be achieved while working as a team towards a common goal.

Sample answer #5
Yes. During my ___ year career, I have learned to set goals and to make sure I meet
each of
it. I make sure obstacles do not hinder me from reaching my goals, but instead should
inspire me to exert more. I believe the new position I am applying for will enable me
to
reach up higher and be more successful.

Tips:
Summarize your career goals
Don’t say something that sound self-centric.
4) Are you willing to travel?
Yes. I love traveling. Adjusting in new places and meeting new people would be a
delightful
experience for me.

5) What are your salary expectations?

As of now, I haven’t thought much about it. I’m more focused on learning the
requirements
for this position that I am applying for.

6) What would you consider your greatest strengths &

weakness?
This is a popular interview question Following are 4 sample answers

Sample answer #1
My strength is my ability to convert negative work environment into a positive and at
the
same time, developing a supportive team. I am also capable of keeping many projects
on
track and ensuring deadlines are met. As far as my weakness is concerned I get
impatient
sometimes in order to get everything done very quickly. To tackle the problem, I am
trying
to re-consider the to-do list and prioritize the tasks.

Sample answer #2
I am very comfortable working with a different group of people. My strength is my
analytical
and planning skills, developed over the years, help me to complete my work before
the
deadline. I am a little bit nervous while speaking in a group, but I have given good
number of
paper presentation to overcome this.

Sample answer #3
I am efficient in a number of programming languages including HTML, C++, Java
and
AppleScript. I have generated over 100% excess revenue for two separate companies
through cost cutting programming efficiency, and I have leadership experience with a
team
of five IT professionals working on some of the popular iPhone apps online. As far as
weakness is concerned I have a tendency to remain quiet in meetings, but I am
working on
speaking up when I feel I have ideas to share.

Sample answer #4
I’m a highly motivated person. I don’t stop until I get things done. I value other
people’s
time and company’s resources. I work to become an asset, not a liability. People say I
sometimes act too much as a perfectionist. To counter this, I attended seminars that
teach
me how to manage myself well.

Tips
Focus mostly on strengths
Show the interviewer how you are putting effort to overcome the weakness
Mention about your real weakness but do mention about how you are going to fix it
Make sure your strength and weakness don’t contradict each other
Research well about the position you are applying for and identify the area where you
can
apply your strength
Choose a weakness that is acceptable for the job in hand
Don’t confuse interests with strength or dislikes with weakness
7) Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
This is a popular interview question asked in mock interviews
Following are 3 sample answers

Sample Answer #1:

In five years’ time, I see myself growing along with the team, developing and using
new skills
to the benefit of the organization. I find this position extremely motivating and
exciting. I
can imagine many challenges lying ahead of me, which I am excited to experience.
And
therefore, I am eager to invest my five years time learning all facets of the job towards
professional advancement.
Sample Answer #2:
I am flexible with others and enjoy the roles that involves leadership. Although, my
initial
focus and priority would be to involve actively in the job I am applying for, I would
very
much keen to take management or supervisory role in 3-5 years…or less. I enjoy
supporting
my team members, and always try to set a good example for others.
Sample Answer #3:
I am obsessed to be the best at whatever I do. I would like to work in an organization
where
I’ll have the best chance to enhance my skills, doing interesting projects, and work
along
with team members that I can actually learn from. Some of the most innovative peers
in the
industry work here and that’s one of the reasons why I would love to build a career
over
here.
Tips:
Analyze a reasonable career path which will flow from the position you are applying
Try emphasize your interest and goal in your answer
Talk in terms of responsibilities and achievements
Try mentioning things that bring value to an organization
Fresher’s can put forward their plan for the next one or two years instead of five or ten
years
Show your long term interest in the position.
What not to say
Don’t say this- I am not sure, I am thinking about xyz…
Don’t portray yourself overly ambitious by saying something like……I want to be
CEO in
next
five years
Don’t say that you wanted to be in the interviewer’s role or I want your job some-day
Don’t put your personal plan like buying a new car or going for a long tour etc.
8 ) What motivates you?
This is a popular interview question Following are 4 sample answers

Sample Answer #1
I am very result-oriented person; my primary motivation is to achieve the desired end
result.
While I enjoy working on a project of my own, I am particularly motivated by the
buzz of
working in a team. It’s very exciting working closely with others, who share the same
common goal. I also like to take on the challenge, and rise to that challenge as part of
a
concerted team effort.
Sample Answer #2
Primarily, my ability to work hard and delivering result motivates me. But subsequent
recognition of my efforts gives me the encouragement for my next efforts.
Sample Answer #3
Responsibility towards work motivates me the most and my aim within any company
is to
move up to greater levels of responsibility to achieve each goal with better
responsibilities.
Sample Answer #4
Many things motivate me. My goal to be the best of what I can be often motivates me
to go
beyond my own expectations. When I see myself being productive everyday, it
motivates
me to continue.
Tips:
Sometimes, the best solution is to be honest- you can say money is your motivational
factor,
but it should be your last option
Mention things like Job satisfaction, working towards a goal, contributing to a team
effort or
developing your skills- provide a specific example that supports your response
Excitement for new challenges
Quest for personal development
What not to say:
Do not mention that you are motivated by bragging rights, material things or fear of
being
disciplined
9) Tell me about your dream job.
The only dream job I’ve always had was a job that keeps me busy, a job wherein I get
to
contribute to the company’s success.

10) Why did you leave your last job?

I left my previous job because I feel I want to do more, to get a hold of a greater
opportunity
to serve.

11) What experience do you have in this field?

My co-worker [name] at [company] never gets tired of telling other people how
brilliant I
am when it comes to [specific task].

12) What do co-workers say about you?

My co-worker [name] at [company] never gets tired of telling other people how
brilliant I
am when it comes to [specific task].

13) Why should we hire you?

Following are 5 sample answers

Sample Answer # 1:
In my XXX years of experience as a manager, I have build-up a solid motivational
and
team-working skills. I was awarded twice as the manager-of-the-year for my excellent
methodologies for motivating employees to encounter challenges and meeting
deadlines. If
hired, I will carry forward this ability of leadership and strategies for achieving profit
gains to
this position.
Sample Answer #2:
The subjects I chose while working for my degree in XXX subject have prepared me
for this
particular post. Also, my two-year experience working with company X has given me
the
platform to master the skills that I needed to deliver for this position. It seems as if I
was
prepared all my life to land this job.
Sample Answer# 3:
For this particular job, I have the perfect combination of skills and experience that is
required. I also bring the experience of strong analytical and problem-solving skills
that I
have gained while working with other companies. My dedication to excellent work
standards will add value to the team and the company.
Sample Answer# 4:
I am quite aware of the company’s mission of acquiring the largest consumer base in
the
area and to become the front-runner in supplier’s or provider’s community. My
domain
knowledge and hold over the customer base can make a big contribution towards this.
I
would really enjoy this challenge of growing this business bigger.
Sample Answer# 5:
As I have said earlier, my years of experience in this field is something that can truly
contribute to this company’s success. My sense of dedication in every task that I
handle is
definitely a big plus. I believe my skills and work attitude measures up to your
company
standards.
Tips
Emphasize on your uniqueness but keep it concise
Highlight your strengths, skills, and your accomplishments
Give an example that describes you as a quick learner
State or provide some evidence that shows how you contributed to the growth of the
previous company in terms of revenue, goodwill, and brand
Include your research you made on the company- for a smaller company you can say-
your
company is open to new innovative ideas
What not to say
Try to avoid saying- I need a job, money or this place is close to where I live Focus on
what
can you do for the company rather than what they can do for you NEVER DO
THIScomparing
your skills to others. The natural instinct to this question is we usually start
comparing our skills to others, when this question is put through.
14) Are you a team player?
Yes, definitely. While I will deny the fact that I can work independently with minimal
supervision, I’m also one companion every leader would ever wanted to be in his
team.
Whatever task is assigned to me, I make sure it meets and exceeds what is expected of
me. I
also make it a point to reach out to teammates whenever needed.

15) What is your philosophy towards work?

I have only one philosophy when it comes to work: every piece of work, regardless of
size,
has to be done on time and in the right manner.

16) What have you learned from mistakes on the job?

I learned that without proper coordination, even the simplest task could cause
problems in a
project. I had this problem during my first job. From that time on, I made sure every I
thing
follows every detail and coordination.

17) Describe your management style.

Basically, my management style comes with promptness and flexibility. To make sure
goals
are achieved, I religiously study and make plans down to the smallest detail. While I
do
implement a strict sense of being time bounded, I also add reasonable allowances and
make
room for contingencies.

18) How would you know you were successful on this job?
Being successful means goals that are set are met. Being successful also means
standards
are not only reach, but also even exceeded wherever possible.

19) Are you willing to work overtime? Nights? Weekends?

I understand that being asked to work for an extended number of hours comes with a
good reason in the first place, so I’m ok with it. It an extra effort means something for
the company, I’ll be happy to do it.

20) What will you do if you don’t get this position?

I have high hopes that I will be hired. In case it turns the other way around, I would
have to move on and search for another job.

21) What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last
year?
I have attended several self-improvement, time management and personality
development seminars. I have also participated in training workshops related to
[industry].

22) How you would be an asset to this company?

My skills in […] are outstanding. I have earned a lot of awards and certifications from
my past employers. As an employee, I handle pressure with ease and can work with
minimal supervision.

23) How long would you expect to work for us in case you are
hired?
As much as possible I would like to be in this company for a long time. For as long as
management sees me as an asset, I am willing to stay.

24) Describe your ability to work under pressure.

I understand the nature of this position that I am applying for quite well, along with
the pressure that comes with it. Being under pressure doesn’t discourage me, it
motivates me more.

25) Tell me about a problem you had with a supervisor.

I’m sorry but I can’t recall any instance when I had such a problem with a supervisor.

26) Why do you think you would do well at this job?

Because, I love this job. I feel very confident in myself and my ability to deliver
nothing short of quality output. My years of experience helped me develop these
skills.

27) What irritates you about co-workers?

I always get along fine with my co-workers. I tend to be open-minded and very
considerate.

28) Do your skills match this job or another job more closely?
I feel my skills are best fit for this job.

29) What has disappointed you about a job?

I once felt that I was not being given enough challenges to work on. I was a bit
disappointed because I was so eager to go for more.
30) If you were hiring a person for this job, what would you
look for?
I would look into two essential things: the ability to do the job right and the proper
attitude to do it. Skills without the right attitude will not contribute to a productive
output.

31) What role do you tend to play in a team?

I tend to be versatile when it comes to being a team player. I can act as a leader, an
assistant, a communicator, a secretary, whatever role that will ensure the success of
the team. That’s because understanding the different roles will allow each player to
take on the roll of the other in times of need.

32) What was the most difficult decision you made?

It was a time when I had to choose between joining a group of employees protesting
some issues in the company, and staying away from the issue. I ended up being a
mediator between the employees and our immediate supervisor, and I was glad I made
that decision because it all ended well and without further conflicts in the workplace.

33) Are you willing to make sacrifices for this company?

I would be willing to do that to the best of my ability. I can manage personal matters
on my own without causing conflicts when management needs me most. However, I
will not compromise my values.

34) What qualities do you look for in a boss?

I look into my boss as a person who can easily relate with me, can make firm
decisions, and
is transparent. A boss with a sense of humor would also be a delightful idea.

35) Are you applying in other companies as well?

Yes. I have submitted my applications in some of the best companies like [….].
Above all, my priority and hope is that I be able to land a job in your company.

36) Do you know anyone who works in our company?

No. I found your ads in a popular job posting website.

37) How do you propose to compensate for your lack of

experience?
I am a quick learner. Every time there is something new to me, I take time to study it
at the soonest time.

38) Have you ever worked in a job that you hated?

Not exactly hated. I once had a job that does not exactly match my qualification.
Nevertheless, I was glad I took the job because it was an opportunity to learn
something new and added to my list of experience.
39) What would your previous supervisor say your best point
is?
Some of my strongest points at work are being hardworking, patient and a quick
learner.

40) What is the most difficult thing about working with you?
My co-workers often say I’m too serious about my work. However, I have attended
some personality enhancing seminars to blend better with co-leagues.

41) What suggestion/s have you made in your previous

employment that was implemented?
I once suggested that management and staff should have more regular meetings
instead of quarterly meetings. I was happy that management took note of this and even
commended me for making a good initiative.

42) Would you rather be liked or feared?

I would like to be liked, but more importantly, I would prefer to be respected. Being
feared does not necessarily command respect.

43) How do you cope with stress?

I pause for a few minutes, look out into the window. Brief pauses in enough to get me
charged again. I can manage stress well enough and does not decrease my productivity
level.

44) Would you rather work for money or job satisfaction?

Job satisfaction is more important for me. Working just for the money may not be
fulfilling if I don’t like the job in the first place. Job satisfaction makes me stay
productive; money would naturally come along well.

45) Describe your work ethics.

Always give your best in every job, if not, don’t do it at all.

46) What was your biggest challenge with your previous boss?
My previous boss was very strict when it came to deadlines and output. It was a
challenge for me to meet every expectation he made. It was also a good learning
experience for me because it only made me better at what I do.

47) Do you enjoy working as part of a team?

Yes, I enjoy it very much. Being part of a team means you get to contribute for the
good of all, while at the same time there are members who can support you and share
more knowledge with you.

48) Why should we hire you?

Because I believe my talents and skills will definitely be a big contribution to your
company’s continuing pursuit of excellence. I’m a fast worker and hardworking
person who can be very reliable asset to this company.

49) Has anything ever irritated you about people you’ve

worked with?
I go along fine with co-workers. When I feel the other guy’s attitude is a negative one,
I try my best to approach him and talk things over. I always make it a point to stay
positive and transparent with people around me.

50) Do you have any questions for me?

I would like to know what are the next step for me. I would also be interested to know
more about the details of this position I am applying for.