GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS

AIRCRADFT INSTRUMENTS
PITOT-STATIC INSTRUMENTS

- Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

- Altimeter (ALT)
- Vertical Speed Indicator

Air Pressure

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AIRCRADFT INSTRUMENTS
GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS

- Attitude Indicator
- Heading Indicator
- Turn Coordinator

Gyroscopic Principles

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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

GYROSCOPE
• Any symmetrical body rotating at a speed sufficient to experience
gyroscopic effects is considered a gyro

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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

PARTS OF A GYRO
• The design of a gyro
can vary greatly
depending on its use
and application.

• Essentially, most gyro

composed of the
following:

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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

PARTS OF A GYRO
• Gyro instruments work on the principle of gyroscopic inertia.

A gyro, is comprised of a
wheel or rotor with its
mass concentrated around
its perimeter.

Its inertia, once the wheel has been

accelerated, tends to keep the disc
stable about its axis of rotation.
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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

PARTS OF A GYRO
• The design of a gyro can vary greatly depending on its use and
application.

To suspend the rotor for

rotation, the axle is first
mounted in a supporting
ring.

Gimbal

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GENERAL TYPES OF GYROSCOPES

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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

GENERAL TYPES OF GYROSCOPES

• Gyroscope’s rotating wheel mounted so that it can turn freely in
one or more directions.

When a mounted gyroscope

have freedom of movement
on all 3 axes.

Free Gyro

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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

GENERAL TYPES OF GYROSCOPES

It also has 3 degrees of

freedom but it incorporates
control system that is
responsible for maintaining
the axis of rotation in a
particular position

Tied Gyro

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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

GENERAL TYPES OF GYROSCOPES

A gyroscope that measure
the angular rate.

When it attempts to rotate

in the plane that is
constrained, the gyroscope
will precess, which can be
measured by a spring
system to obtain the rate of
angular variation

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Rate Gyro
AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

GYROSCOPIC EFFECTS
Rigidity in Space Precession

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RIGIDITY IN SPACE
When rotating, a gyroscope remains in
a fixed position in its plane of rotation,
regardless of the movement of the
gimbals or the frame.

13 Remains “rigid” in
space
AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

RIGIDITY IN SPACE
The degree of rigidity of the gyroscope
is directly proportional to its rotational
speed (RPM) and its moment of inertia.

(RPM)

The faster the rotation of the

gyro, the greater the rigidity
in space.
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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

RIGIDITY IN SPACE
A bicycle moving in low speed is less
rigid in space than a bicycle moving
in high speed.

Yes or No?

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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

RIGIDITY IN SPACE
A bicycle moving in low speed is less
rigid in space than a bicycle moving
in high speed.

Yes

The faster the rotation of the

gyro, the greater the rigidity
in space.
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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

RIGIDITY IN SPACE
The degree of rigidity of the gyroscope is directly proportional to its
rotational speed (RPM) and its moment of inertia.

(Moment of Inertia)

The greater the mass

and effective radius of
the gyroscope, the
greater the rigidity in
space.
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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

RIGIDITY IN SPACE
A bicycle with big wheels has
greater rigidity in space
compared to smaller wheels.

Do you agree or not?

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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

RIGIDITY IN SPACE
The degree of rigidity of the gyroscope is directly proportional to its
rotational speed (RPM) and its moment of inertia.

(RPM) (Moment of Inertia)

The faster the The greater the mass

rotation of the and effective radius of
gyro, the greater • ≈ 18000 RPM the gyroscope, the
the rigidity in • ≈ 2cm Radius greater the rigidity in
space. • Heavy weight space.
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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

PRECESSION
Any force applied perpendicularly on the
plane of rotation of a gyroscope will be
exerted at 90° in the direction of rotation.

The plane of the applied force, the plane

of the rotation, and the plane in which
the gyro responds (known as the plane of
precession),are all perpendicular to
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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

PRECESSION
Any force applied perpendicularly on the
plane of rotation of a gyroscope will be
exerted at 90° in the direction of rotation.

Direction of rotation

Supposed, we applied a
force at this point.

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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

PRECESSION
Any force applied perpendicularly on the
plane of rotation of a gyroscope will be
exerted at 90° in the direction of rotation.

By applying a force to the gyro, a

unique phenomenon occurs. The gyro
will response as though the force was
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applied 90° in the direction of rotation of
the gyro motor.
AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

PRECESSION
Any force applied perpendicularly on the
plane of rotation of a gyroscope will be
exerted at 90° in the direction of rotation.

It will cause the gyro to

tilt like this.

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 AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1:
• Explain the supply system that used to spin the gyroscope in an aircraft.
• Prepare for a short quiz on our next meeting

THANK YOU!

REFERENCE: FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA). (2023). FAA-H-8083-30B, AVIATION MAINTENANCE

TECHNICIAN HANDBOOK. RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://WWW.FAA.GOV/SITES/FAA.GOV/FILES/10_PHAK_CH8.PDF
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GOLD SEAL FLIGHT TRAINING. (SEPTEMBER 14, 2022). GYROSCOPIC INSTURMENTS IN 3D [VIDEO FILE].
RETRIEVED FROM GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS IN 3D - YOUTUBE