E3S Web of Conferences 216, 01166 (2020) https://doi.org/10.

1051/e3sconf/202021601166
RSES 2020

MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND ALGORITHMS OF OPTIMAL

LOAD MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRICAL CONSUMERS
K M Reymov1, G M Turmanova1, S K Makhmuthonov2, B A Uzakov1
1
Karakalpak State University, 230100, Uzbekistan, Nukus, Ch. Abdirov St.1
2
Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, 100095, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, University St. 2A

Abstract. The article investigated the static, dynamic and metrological characteristics of new
magnetoelastic force sensors taking into account the distribution of Load profile smoothing based on optimal
power management is considered to be one of the main ways to ensure efficient operation of energy systems
in the short-term planning. Smoothing load profile with a view to reducing costs can be implemented on the
ways in which consumers could be affected by administrative and economic measures. Administrative
measures are associated with the forced restriction of consumer loads in certain intervals of the planning
period. On the one hand, these measures provide benefits to the power system by smoothing load profile,
and on the other hand, they cause damage to consumers. Ultimately, in some cases, the damage may be
greater than the benefits as a whole to the power system. Therefore, it is advisable to use them in conditions
of shortage of power and electricity in the power system. Optimal planning of short-term regimes of power
systems according to received, after alignment, rigid load profile can be carried out by traditional methods.
The solution of such a problem can be initially carried out under conditions of non-rigid load profile resulting
from the directive use of administrative and economic measures carried out with the help of specially
developed models. In this regard, the paper proposes a mathematical model of the problem of optimizing
load profile of regulated electrical consumers with optimal planning of short-term power system modes, an
algorithm for optimal planning of a short-term power system mode with optimizing load profile of regulated
power consumers. And also, algorithms are proposed for accounting for simple and functional constraints
in the form of equalities and inequalities when optimizing load profile. The effectiveness of the described
algorithm for optimizing the short-term mode of the power system, taking into account the optimal load
control of adjustable electric locomotives, has been studied using the example of optimal coverage of the
load profile of power system, which contains two consumers with adjustable load profile, and two TPPs.
Based on the calculated experimental studies computational qualities, it was determined that the proposed
mathematical model of the problem is adequate, the developed algorithms for optimal planning of short-
term power system modes with optimization of load profile of regulated electric consumers and taking into
account various types of limitations have high computational qualities.

Introduction estimates of a separate regime situation and it is not

possible to establish causal relationships between
Currently, deterministic mathematical models are mainly controlled and controlled factors and, therefore, analyze
used to analyze and optimize the modes of electric power the regime in the dynamics of its change and control it in
systems (EPS) and networks. In this case, using various the desired direction. In connection with these
iterative methods and corresponding computer programs, circumstances, under conditions of a probabilistic nature
the nature of the ongoing process is determined uniquely and uncertainty of the initial information, the problem
for given schemes and operating parameters [1-4]. For should be solved based on the use of appropriate
these programs, in order to evaluate any one or several algorithms and programs [5-7].
parameters of the regime, each time it is required to carry In the short-term planning of EPS modes, the initial
out calculations on a computer according to the complete information, which is probabilistic or partially uncertain,
scheme with the corresponding preparation of the initial is often the node loads determined by the appropriate
data. In addition, the initial information required for prediction methods.
calculations due to the imperfection of the information The main characteristic of probabilistic information is
transmission and processing system is often probabilistic the distribution laws of the initial parameters in a known
or partially uncertain. In such cases, the calculation results range of their variation. In the presence of statistical data
differ from the actual parameters of the regime, which, on the values of such parameters, the laws of their
naturally, reduces the value of the calculation model, distribution can be obtained by processing these data.
which has a high accuracy.
In such conditions, the parameters of the regime
obtained as a result of deterministic calculations are point

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 216, 01166 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601166
RSES 2020

Main part МЗ𝑡 = ∑ ∑ 𝑝𝑗 𝑝𝑘 З𝑡𝑗𝑘

𝑗 𝑘
Optimization under the conditions of the probabilistic
With a large number of initial probabilistic
nature of the initial parameters can be carried out, in
parameters, the problem becomes rather complicated, but,
particular, based on the search for the extreme of the
in the conditions of the capabilities of modern computing
mathematical expectation of the objective function, as in
facilities, it can be solved.
[3]. In this case, the specified range of variation of the
Studies have established that in the presence of
initial parameter x is divided into m sections, in which it
functional constraints in the form of inequalities for some
has values 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , . . . , 𝑥𝑚 with the probabilities of
conditionally optimal designs obtained by the above
occurrence, in accordance with a given distribution law
algorithm and the conditions for their implementation,
, 𝑝1 , 𝑝2 , . . . , 𝑝𝑚 , respectively. Then the deterministic
these constraints can be violated (table 3). In such cases,
optimization problem is solved m times taking into
conditionally optimal designs are invalid. Therefore, here
account all the constraints for the values of the initial
we propose an algorithm for taking into account such
parameter 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , . . . , 𝑥𝑚 , as a result, conditionally
restrictions, according to which, together with the
optimal plans 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , . . . , 𝑧𝑚 are found . Based on the payment matrix, similar matrices are formed, consisting
known values of the initial parameter and the obtained of the values of the restriction functions. Then, before
conditionally optimal plans, the corresponding values of proceeding with the calculation of the mathematical
the objective function are calculated , which is, for expectations of the objective function, those conditionally
example, the function of total costs in the EPS Зij = f ( z i , optimal plans are excluded from further consideration, for
x j ) ( i = 1, 2, ..., m , j = 1, 2, .., m ) . Based on these values which at least one implementation condition is violated
of the objective function, a payment matrix is formed. [8-12]. Then the mathematical expectations are calculated
Then, for each conditionally optimal design zt, the for the remaining conditionally optimal plans, according
mathematical expectations of the objective function are to which the optimal plan is determined.
calculated. We investigate the efficiency of the described
𝑚
algorithm using the example of the optimal distribution of
МЗ𝑡 = ∑ 𝑝𝑗 З𝑡𝑗
the EPS load, the diagram of which is shown in Fig. 1,
𝑗=1
between three TPPs. Fuel cost characteristics of TPPs:
The design zt which provides the minimum
mathematical expectation of the objective function is
B1(P1)=3+0,019P1 $/hour;
optimal.
B2(P2)=5+0,014P2 $/hour;
If the initial parameters are two parameters xj and yk
Bб(Pб)=3+0,016Pб $/hour.
with the probabilities of occurrence pj and pk then the
.
optimal plan zt is found from the condition of the
minimum mathematical expectation of the objective
function determined by the formula:
P1 P4=90 MW

1 4
3,1+j16,6
2,1+j8,8 4,3+j15,8

B 2
3,7+j14,2 P2

5+j21 2,4+j12,1

2,7+j11,2

3 5

P3=Р(р) MW P5=200 MW
Fig. 1. Electric network diagram of the electric power plant.

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E3S Web of Conferences 216, 01166 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601166
RSES 2020

The load at node 3 is probabilistic. Possible values of Active power flows through controlled lines are
the load of this node and the probability of their determined by distribution coefficients [13-16].
occurrence (distribution law) are given in table 1. We carry out optimization calculations according to
Active power flows are monitored in two lines : the above algorithm. As a result, we obtain a payment
P1-3  157 MW, PБ-3  136 MW. matrix (table 2), consisting of the values of the objective
function, which is a function of total fuel costs for various
conditionally optimal plans and load values of node 3.

Table 1. Probable loads of node 3 and probability of their occurrence

Loads node, MW 165 180 212 223 234
Probability
0.1 0.15 0.5 0.15 0.1
appearance

Table 2. Payment Matrix

Probable loads of
165 180 212 223 234
number
of plan

node 3, MW
The

Probabilities of
0.1 0.15 0.5 0.15 0.1
occurrence of loads
1 P1  148,49
P2  130,57 2779 2912.1 3220 3333.4 3450.7
Pб  175,94
2 P1  152,72
Conditional optimal plans

P2  136,30 2781.5 2909.9 3207.5 3317.4 3431.2

Pб  180,97
3 P1  161,75
P2  148,53 2803 2921.1 3197.1 3299.4 3405.7
Pб  191,71
4 P1  164,85
P2  152,91 2815.9 2930.3 3198.6 3298.4 3402.1
Pб  195,24
5 P1  167,95
P2  157,11 2830.9 2941.8 3202.7 3299.9 3401
Pб  198,94

We find the mathematical expectations of the P1oпт  161,75 MW;

objective function - the function of total fuel costs in the
power system for each of the conditionally optimal plans: P2oпт  148,53 MW;
MB(1)=3169,8 $/hour,
MB(2)=3159,1 $/hour, Pбoпт  191,71 MW.
MB(3)=3152,5 $/hour, To take into account the functional restrictions
MB(4)=3155,4 $/hour, according to the proposed algorithm, we form similar
MB(5)=3160,8 $/hour. matrices consisting of the values of the power flows along
We find the optimal plan by the condition of the the controlled lines. For convenience, Table 3 shows the
minimum mathematical expectation: maximum values of power flows for each conditionally
min M  (i)  M  (3)  3152,5 $ / час optimal plan.
Thus, disregarding the technological constraint, the .
optimal plan is 3, in which

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E3S Web of Conferences 216, 01166 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601166
RSES 2020

Table 3. Maximum power flow values for each conditional optimal plan
The number is conditionally optimal. Plan
Total load of EPS, MW P 1-3 , MW P B-3 , MW B, $ / hour
according to table. 1
1 455 157.28 147.28 3169.8
2 470 157.05 144.23 3159.1
3 502 156.57 137.72 3152.5
4 513 156.38 135.42 3155.4
5 524 156.21 133.18 3160.8

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1. An algorithm for optimization of power systems modes
8. Taslimov A D, Berdishev A S, Melikuziyev M V
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and Rakhimov F M 2019 Method of choosing the
constraints in the form of inequalities under conditions of
unification of cable sections of electric network cables
the probabilistic nature of the initial nodal information,
under conditions of load development uncertainty E3S
based on the use of payment matrices of the objective
Web Conf 139 doi:10.1051/e3sconf/201913901081
function and constraint functions. As a result, it is possible
9. Rakhmonov, I.U., Nematov, L.A., Niyozov, N.N,
to optimize short-term modes of power systems with high
Reymov, K.M., Yuldoshev, T.M. (2020) Power
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consumption management from the positions of the
of inequalities in the conditions of the probabilistic nature
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of the loads of electrical consumers.
Series 1515 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1515/2/022054
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10. Rakhmonov, I.U., Berdishev, A.A., Khusanov, B.M.,
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Khaliknazarov, U., Utegenov, U. (2020) General
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