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    Echinodermata: Olivia Johnson, Andrei Anashkin, Heather Schlesier

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    Al-ameen Olawunmi
    The phylum Echinodermata contains six major classes: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea lilies, sea cucumbers, and sea daisies. They have a water vascular system and radial symmetry as adults, though their larvae exhibit bilateral symmetry. Key defining features include their endoskeleton composed of calcareous plates, tube feet used for locomotion and feeding, and regeneration abilities.

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    Echinodermata: Olivia Johnson, Andrei Anashkin, Heather Schlesier

    Uploaded by

    Al-ameen Olawunmi
    29 views20 pages
    The phylum Echinodermata contains six major classes: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea lilies, sea cucumbers, and sea daisies. They have a water vascular system and radial symmetry as adults, though their larvae exhibit bilateral symmetry. Key defining features include their endoskeleton composed of calcareous plates, tube feet used for locomotion and feeding, and regeneration abilities.

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    The phylum Echinodermata contains six major classes: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea lilies, sea cucumbers, and sea daisies. They have a water vascular system and radial symmetry as adults, though their larvae exhibit bilateral symmetry. Key defining features include their endoskeleton composed of calcareous plates, tube feet used for locomotion and feeding, and regeneration abilities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    29 views20 pages

    Echinodermata: Olivia Johnson, Andrei Anashkin, Heather Schlesier

    Uploaded by

    Al-ameen Olawunmi
    The phylum Echinodermata contains six major classes: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea lilies, sea cucumbers, and sea daisies. They have a water vascular system and radial symmetry as adults, though their larvae exhibit bilateral symmetry. Key defining features include their endoskeleton composed of calcareous plates, tube feet used for locomotion and feeding, and regeneration abilities.

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    Echinodermata

    Olivia Johnson, Andrei Anashkin,


    Heather Schlesier

    http://www.dailywhatever.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/sea-cucumber-ga.jpg
    Phylum
    • Echinoderms are slow-moving animals that only
    live in salt water
    • A unique feature is the water vascular system
    • The phylum Echinodermata contains 6 major
    classes: Asteroidea (sea stars), Ophiuroidea
    (brittle stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand
    dollars), Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars),
    Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), and
    Concentricycloidea (sea daises)
    A Sea Star Sample Animals A Brittle Star

    A Feather
    Star

    http://www.alaska-in-pictures.com/data/media/1/feather-
    http://www.coral.org/files/images/7628-SeaStar.jpg star-pattern_6081.jpg

    http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/Animalclassification/Polygenetic/phylogenetictree/Echinodermata/
    ophiuroidea.jpg
    A Sea Urchin A Sea Daisy

    4 5

    A Sea Cucumber

    http://mollyobrown.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/red-sea-urchin.jpg

    http://www.palaeos.org/images/thumb/5/5a/Acanthaster_planci.jpg/340px-Acanthaster_planci.jpg

    http://www.reefseekers.com/PIXPAGES/Yap-Palau%20%2704/Grazing_sea_cucumber.jpg
    Body Cavity
    -are coelomates (posses a true coelom)
    -coelom (body cavity): a fluid-filled space
    that separates the digestive tract from the
    outer body wall
    -coelom is lined with mesoderm
    Body Symmetry
    • Adults have radial symmetry but it is a
    secondary adaptation (many equal parts
    radiate outward like the spokes of a
    wheel)
    • Echinoderm larvae have bilateral
    symmetry (can be divided into two equal
    halves)
    Nervous System
    • Echinoderms have a decentralized nervous
    system.
    • There is nervous tissue throughout the
    echinoderm connected by central nerve
    ring around its gut, but they have no real
    brain.
    • Some echinoderms instead have ganglia,
    which are large clusters of nerve cells .
    Water Vascular System

    • Unique to echinoderms it is a network of


    hydraulic canals branching into extensions
    called tub feet that function in locomotion,
    feeding, and gas exchange
    Circulatory System
    Digestive System
    Excretory System

    • Excretion can be preformed through


    diffusion
    • Contains an anus on the top of the central
    disk
    Locomotion/ Musculature
    • Made possible by the water vascular system and tube
    feet
    • Sea Stars: undersurfaces of the arms have tube feet,
    adheres firmly to rocks or creeps along slowly as the
    tube feet extend, grip, contract, release, extend and
    grip again.
    – Made possible by a complex set of hydraulic and
    muscular actions creating or releasing suction.
    • Brittle Stars: serpentine lashing of their arms
    – Tube feet lack suckers so cannot grip
    • Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars: don’t have arms, but
    do have 5 rows of tube feet that function in slow
    movement
    – Also have muscles that pivot their long spines that aids in
    movement
    • Sea Lilies and Feather Stars: Sea lilies live attached
    to the substrate by a stalk; feather stars crawl about by
    using their long flexible arms
    • Sea Cucumbers: have 5 rows of tube feet, some of the
    tube feet around the mouth are developed as feeding
    tentacles
    • Sea Daisies: they have armless bodies, not much is
    known about them
    Skeletal Type

    • A thin skin covers an endoskeleton of hard


    calcareous plates
    • Most echinoderms are prickly from skeletal
    bumps and spines
    Sensory Structures/Features
    • Regeneration allows some echinoderms to grow back
    lost arms or even full bodies
    • They have light and touch detecting cells but no sense
    organs
    – Starfish are an exception, they have eyespots on the
    tip of each ray for light detection
    • They do not have heads or a brain, instead they have a
    simple nervous system with a nerve net/ ring
    Reproduction
    •Sexual or asexual (regeneration)
    •Sexual reproduction usually involves separate
    male and female individuals that release their
    gametes into the water
    •Sea stars and some other echinoderms have the
    ability to regenerate
    •Sea stars can regrow lost arms, and one specific
    genus can regrow an entire body from a single
    arm
    Gas Exchange
    • Do not have a circulatory system
    • Exchange gas through diffusion
    • Diffusion is possible through the water
    vascular system
    • Structures: tube feet
    Other Unique Stuff

    • When feeding sea stars turn their


    stomachs inside out and then secretes
    juices to help it digest its prey
    • Current sea lilies are very similar to fossils
    of those that are 500 million years old:
    their evolution has been very conservative
    Which of the following do
    echnodermata contain?
    • Circulatory system
    • Exoskeleton
    • Endoskeleton
    • Nervous system
    What kind of symmetry do grown
    echinodermata have?
    • Bilateral
    • Symmetrical
    • Secondary radial

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