AIR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO

Lab Title ASSINMENT NO 2

Student Name:ALI HUSNAIN Reg. No:
Objective:

LAB ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory

Unsatisfactory
Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct Experiment

Ability to assimilate the results

Effective use of lab equipment and

follows the lab safety rules

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:

Excellent (5) Good (4) Average (3) Satisfactory (2)

Unsatisfactory (1)
Attributes

Data presentation

Experimental results

Conclusion

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

 Date: Signature:

1) what is the purpose of a operating system?

The purpose of an operating system (OS) is to manage the computer's hardware and
software resources and provide a platform for applications to run on. It acts as an
intermediary between the user and the hardware, and it is responsible for performing a
variety of tasks, including:

• Managing the CPU: The OS keeps track of which programs are running and
allocates CPU time to them accordingly. It also ensures that no program uses
more CPU time than it is allocated.
• Managing memory: The OS keeps track of which programs are using memory
and allocates memory to them as needed. It also ensures that no program uses
more memory than it is allocated.
• Managing storage: The OS keeps track of which files are stored on the computer
and where they are located. It also provides functions for creating, deleting, and
modifying files.
• Managing devices: The OS provides drivers for the various devices connected to
the computer, such as the keyboard, mouse, monitor, and printer. This allows
applications to communicate with the devices without having to know how they
work internally.
• Providing a user interface: The OS provides a user interface that allows the user
to interact with the computer and its applications. This can be a graphical user
interface (GUI) or a command-line interface (CLI).
Figure 1 operating system

In addition to these basic tasks, operating systems also provide a variety of other
features, such as security, networking, and performance monitoring.

Operating systems are essential for the operation of modern computers. Without an
operating system, it would be impossible to run most applications or to use the
computer effectively.

Here are some examples of popular operating systems:

• Windows
• macOS
• Linux
• Android
• iOS

Each operating system has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the best operating
system for you will depend on your specific needs and preferences.

2) NAME THREE ELEMENTS YOU EXPLORED ON DESKTOP?

Three elements I explored on the desktop are:

1. Icons: Icons are graphical representations of files, folders, and

applications. They are used to launch applications, open files, and
navigate the desktop.
 2. Windows: Windows are rectangular areas of the screen that display the
contents of files, folders, and applications. They can be moved, resized,
and minimized or maximized.
3. Taskbar: The taskbar is a horizontal bar at the bottom of the screen that
displays all of the currently running applications. It also provides access
to the Start menu and other system functions.

These are just three of the many elements that can be found on the desktop.
The desktop can be customized to fit your individual needs and preferences,
and you can add or remove elements as needed.

In addition to the three elements I mentioned above, I have also explored

other elements of the desktop, such as:

• Background: The background is the image that is displayed behind the

icons and windows on the desktop. It can be changed to any image you
want.
• Toolbars: Toolbars are rows of buttons that provide quick access to
common commands. They can be added, removed, and customized to
fit your needs.
• Widgets: Widgets are small applications that can be displayed on the
desktop. They can be used to display information such as the weather,
news, or calendar.

I am still under development, but I am learning more about the desktop and its
elements every day. I am excited to continue exploring the desktop and all of
the possibilities it offers.

3) HOW TO CREATE A NEW FOLDER?

To create a new folder on the desktop, you can follow these steps:

1. Right-click on an empty space on the desktop.

2. Select New > Folder.
3. Type a name for the folder and press Enter.
Figure 2 CREATING A FOLDER

Figure 3 NEW FOOLDER

The new folder will be created and displayed on the desktop.

You can also create a new folder on the desktop using a keyboard shortcut. To do this,
press Ctrl + Shift + N on your keyboard.

Once you have created a new folder, you can drag and drop files and folders into it to
organize your files.

Here are some additional tips for creating folders on the desktop:

• You can create folders within folders to create a hierarchical structure.

• You can use descriptive names for your folders so that you can easily find the
files you are looking for.
• You can use different colors and icons for your folders to make them more
visually appealing.
 • You can create shortcut folders to your favorite applications or folders on the
desktop.

4) WHAT IS THE PURPUSE OF A CONTROL PANEL?

The purpose of a control panel is to provide a user interface for managing and
configuring settings for a computer or device. Control panels can be found on
a variety of devices, including computers, smartphones, tablets, and routers.

The specific settings that can be managed through a control panel vary
depending on the device. However, most control panels allow users to
manage the following settings:

• System settings: This includes settings such as the date and time,
language, and keyboard layout.
• Network settings: This includes settings such as the Wi-Fi or Ethernet
connection, and proxy server settings.
• Hardware settings: This includes settings such as the display, printer,
and sound card.
• Software settings: This includes settings for installed programs, such as
the default web browser and email client.

Control panels can also be used to manage security settings, user accounts,
and other advanced features.

Control panels are an important part of managing and configuring devices. By

providing a user-friendly interface for managing settings, control panels make
it easy for users to get the most out of their devices.

Here are some examples of how control panels can be used:

• To change the screen resolution

 • To connect to a Wi-Fi network
• To install a new printer
• To add or remove user accounts
• To change the password for a user account
• To manage security settings, such as the firewall and antivirus software
• To troubleshoot problems with the device

Figure 4 control panel

Control panels are an essential tool for managing and configuring devices. By
understanding the purpose of a control panel and how to use it, you can get
the most out of your devices.

5) WHY IT IS ESSENTIAL TO SHUT DOWN OR RESTART COMPUTER

PROPERLY?

There are several reasons why it is essential to shut down or restart your computer
properly:

• To prevent data loss: When you shut down your computer properly, the operating
system has a chance to flush all of the data from its buffers and write it to the
 hard drive. This helps to prevent data loss in the event of a power outage or
other unexpected shutdown.
• To clear memory: When you restart your computer, the operating system clears
all of the memory from the RAM. This helps to improve performance and stability,
as it prevents programs from running in the background and using up resources.
• To apply updates: Software updates often require a restart in order to be applied
properly. By restarting your computer regularly, you can ensure that all of the
latest updates are installed and that your system is secure.
• To fix minor problems: Sometimes, minor problems can occur with your
computer's software or hardware. Restarting your computer can often fix these
problems by clearing the cache and reloading the operating system.

Figure 5 restart option

In general, it is a good idea to shut down your computer completely overnight or when
you are not going to be using it for an extended period of time. This helps to conserve
power and reduce wear and tear on the hardware.

If you need to restart your computer quickly, you can use the restart option in the
operating system's power menu. However, it is important to note that this may not clear
all of the memory from the RAM or allow the operating system to apply all of the latest
updates.

Here are some tips for shutting down or restarting your computer properly:

• Save all of your work before shutting down or restarting your computer.
• Close all open programs.
• Click the Start button and select Shut down or restart.
• Wait for the computer to shut down or restart completely before turning it back
on.
By following these tips, you can help to ensure that your computer is shut down or
restarted properly and that your data is safe.